Adapted Judo training on bone-variables in postmenopausal women in pharmacological treatment

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Combining adapted Judo training and pharmacological treatment to improve bone mineral density on postmenopausal women: A two years study

Background & Study Aim: Physical activity has been an important factor to increase bone mineral density (BMD) and, consequently, to prevent and treat osteoporosis. The study aimed the effects of adapted Judo training on BMD in postmenopausal women, during pharmacological treatment. Material & Methods: Eighteen female volunteers participated in this study. They were separated into two groups: Adapted Judo training (AJT) (n=11; 52.2±5.3 years) and control group (CG) (n=7; 53.8±4.4 years). Lunar GE Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measured BMD at lumbar L2-L4, femoral neck and trochanter sites. The training period for AJT was two years, comprised 12 mesocycles with different intensities. ANOVA compared 2 groups in 3 moments of testing and Scheffé Test allowed multiple comparisons between groups for the L2-L4 and femoral neck sites, but at trochanter was Fisher LSD. Results: ANOVA showed significant differences in the AJT group (F(2, 32)=15.187, p=0.000023). Scheffé Test showed significant increase on lumbar BMD after one year of AJT (Δ%=+8.9%, p=0.000017) and after two years this improvement stand still (p=0.33). The CG after one year presented significant decrease in BMD of femoral neck (Δ%=-6.9%, p=0.03) and trochanter (Δ%=-3.7%, p=0.0084). However, the CG recovered the loss of BMD of femoral neck (Δ%=+7.6%, p=0.02) and trochanter (Δ%=+3.8%, p=0.0079) after two years of study. Conclusions: Drug therapy, without the physical activity practice, can aid the maintenance of BMD. AJT may be considered as an efficient physical activity for postmenopausal women with low BMD in pharmacological treatment. © ARCHIVES OF BUDO | SCIENCE OF MARTIAL ARTS.

O judo; do modelo artesanal ao modelo cientifico : um estudo sobre as lutas, formação profissional e a construção do Hbitus

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Testes de controle no judo : proposta de avaliação da resistencia especial do judoca

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Reinterpreting the history of women's judo in Japan

This paper reassesses the role of women in judo in Japan, from its secluded and restricted beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the gradual changes in gender and social paradigms triggered by the influence of Western feminist struggle from the 1960s onwards. Judo has been considered in theory an inclusive martial art because its creator, Jigoro Kano, stressed safety, etiquette and moral teachings irrespective of age, size or gender of its adherents. However, the social and cultural environment in Japan has traditionally discriminated against women both outside and inside the dojo (training place). We treat this issue historically, considering the broader context of the Japanese social, political and cultural developments.

Tracking 10-year competitive winning performance of judo athletes across age groups

Little information is available concerning early specialization and competitive success in judo across the early training years. Thus, the present objective was to verify the stability of individual competitive performance of a state-level championship for judo athletes who had been previously successful. For this, 406 athletes from six age groups (9 to 20+ years old) of each sex were followed for 10 years. Using recorded data from the Sao Paulo State Judo Federation beginning in 1999, the scores and standings for these judo players were analyzed. The proportion of medal winners during this period was not constant, differing from the grand mean in all groups of both 204 males and 202 females. At the end of this period, only 7% of the male and 5% of the female athletes had maintained their competitive levels. Successful competitive performance in early judo competition was not associated with success later in adulthood.

A special judo fitness test classificatory table

Background and Study Aim: Judo is very physiological demanding sport, but there are no many physical fitness specific tests. One of the most used specific judo tests is the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) proposed by Sterkowicz ( 1995). Although this test has been used by many coaches in different countries no classificatory table was found to classify the judo athletes according to their results. Thus, the aim of this work was to present a classificatory table for this test. Material/Methods: For this purpose 141 judo athletes ( mean +/-standard deviation: 21.3+/-4.5years-old; 74.2+/-15.9 kg of body mass and 176.7+/-8.2 cm of height; judo ranking between 3(rd) kyu and 3(rd) dan) familiarized with the SJFT performed it once in order to provide data to establish a classificatory table. Results: After the analysis of data distribution a five scale table (20% for each classificatory category) was developed considering the variables used in the SJFT ( number of throws, heart rate after and 1 min after the test and index). Conclusions: The classificatory table can help coaches using the SJFT to classify their athletes` level and to monitor their physical fitness progress.

Einfluss des mentalen Lernens auf die Technikoptimierung in der Kampfsportart Judo unter den Bedingungen der Grundausbildung : dargestellt an der Technik "O-Goshi"

Sport "Sporttechnik, Messplatztraining, Bewegungswissenschaft, Bewegungsrepräsentation, Trainingsmethoden, motorisches Training, Judo". Pädagogik "Lernsystem, Lernprozess, Bildung". Psychologie "mentales Training, ideomotorisches Training". Technologie "Computerprogramme".

Utilització de la variabilitat de la freqüència cardíaca (VFC) per a la valoració de l'estat de recuperació-estrès en l'entrenament del judo

Usually, competitive stress, work life or just the training load in athletes can cause a phenomenon called overtraining syndrome. It is described as imbalance between stimulus and recovery in which decreases performance of athletes without being apparently immersed in a frame of injury or disease. That prolonged fatigue may affect the ability to adapt and thus severely reduce performance. This situation can be prolonged in time despite the existence of weekly or monthly periods of recovery. We want to see if the parameters of HRV, RESTQ-Sport questionnaire and strength values vary significantly in front 2 types of training (an intensive two daily sessions, large volume of work and little rest between the sessions; and another with 4 weekly workouts, with longer recovery time and less volume of work), in national judo players (n=14) to study the relationship between VFC and the imbalance of stress-recovery. METHODOLOGY: We performed a longitudinal and experimental study of HRV in 14 subjects, judo players at the national, randomly divided into 2 groups. One of these was conducted intensive training (high volume and low recovery) and another who made a smoother workout (less volume and less recovery) during a period of 4 weeks. CONCLUTIONS: The correct interpretation of the fluctuation parameters of HRV during the training judo players, may be a good indicator of stress levels, the recovery workload and therefore the observation of VFC is becomes an economic and noninvasive method of monitoring training in judo.

Referring to judo's sports injuries in São Paulo State Championship

Objective. - In a pioneer way, we investigated the morbidity of sports injuries referred by judo athletes from São Paulo State Championship.Material and methods. - Data collection from 93 senior judokas in State of São Paulo Judo Championship, through Referred Morbidity Inquiry about last year.Results. - One hundred and ten events were registered with a distribution frequency gradient of sprain > contusion > strain > ligament injury > partial and total dislocation. The most injured body areas were: knee (26.3%), shoulder (21.8%), fingers (17.3%), and ankle (10.0%). The most risky situation was when the athlete was training (standing, applying a blow) and it can be explained by the frequent and unprepared exposition of the athletes. Yearly lesion rate was 1.18 injuries per athlete/year.Conclusion. - Sprains constitute the most common judo injury, and athletes are more susceptible when they apply blows; discussion about the direction that the prevention should be applied remains opened. (c) 2006 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

A comparison of time-motion performance between age groups in judo matches

The aim of this study was to compare time-motion indicators during judo matches performed by athletes from different age groups. The following age groups were analysed: Pre-Juvenile (13-14 years, n=522), Juvenile (15-16 years, n 353); Junior (19 years, n = 349) and Senior (>20 years, n = 587). The time-motion indicators included: Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time, Displacement Without Contact, Gripping Time, Groundwork Combat Time and Pause Time. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) one-way and the Tukey test, as well as the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney (for non-parametric data), were conducted, using P < 0.05 as significance level. The results showed that all analysed groups obtained a median of 7 (first quantile - 3, third quantile - 12) sequences of combat/pause cycles. In total time of combat, the result was: for Total Combat Time, Standing Combat Time and Gripping Time: Pre-Juvenile and Senior were significantly longer than Juvenile and Junior. Considering Displacement Without Contact, Junior was significantly longer than all other age groups. For Groundwork Combat Time, Senior was significantly longer than all other age groups and Pre-Juvenile was longer than Junior. These results can be used to improve the physiological performance in intermittent practices, as well as technicaltactical training during judo sessions.

Aerobic power in child, cadet and senior judo athletes

The aim of the present study was to compare performance and physiological responses during arm and leg aerobic power tests of combat duration in male child, cadet and senior judo athletes. Power output and physiological parameters, i.e., peak oxygen uptake ((V)over dotO(2)peak), peak ventilation, peak heart rate, lactate, and rate of perceived exertion, of 7 child (under 15 years: age class U15, 12.7 +/- 1.1 yrs), 10 cadet (U17, 14.9 +/- 0.7 yrs) and 8 senior (+20, 29.3 +/- 9.2 yrs) male judo athletes were assessed during incremental tests of combat duration on an arm crank and a cycle ergometer. Children as well as cadets demonstrated higher upper body relative VO(2)peak than seniors (37.3 +/- 4.9, 39.2 +/- 5.0 and 31.0 +/- 2.1 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively); moreover, upper and lower body relative VO(2)peak decreased with increasing age (r = -0.575, p < 0.003 and r = -0.580, p < 0.002, respectively). Children showed lower blood lactate concentrations after cranking as well as after cycling when compared to seniors (7.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 11.4 +/- 2.1 mmol.l(-1) and 7.9 +/- 3.0 vs. 12.0 +/- 1.9 mmol.l(-1), respectively); furthermore, blood lactate values after cranking increased with age (r = 0.473, p < 0.017). These differences should be considered in planning the training for judo athletes of different age classes.

Visual scanning in sports actions: comparison between soccer goalkeepers and judo fighters

Visual search and oculomotor behaviour are believed to be very relevant for athlete performance, especially for sports requiring refined visuo-motor coordination skills. Modern coaches believe that a correct visuo-motor strategy may be part of advanced training programs. In this thesis two experiments are reported in which gaze behaviour of expert and novice athletes were investigated while they were doing a real sport specific task. The experiments concern two different sports: judo and soccer. In each experiment, number of fixations, fixation locations and mean fixation duration (ms) were considered. An observational analysis was done at the end of the paper to see perceptual differences between near and far space. Purpose: The aim of the judo study was to delineate differences in gaze behaviour characteristics between a population of athletes and one of non athletes. Aspects specifically investigated were: search rate, search order and viewing time across different conditions in a real-world task. The second study was aimed at identifying gaze behaviour in varsity soccer goalkeepers while facing a penalty kick executed with instep and inside foot. Then an attempt has been done to compare the gaze strategies of expert judoka and soccer goalkeepers in order to delineate possible differences related to the different conditions of reacting to events occurring in near (peripersonal) or far (extrapersonal) space. Judo Methods: A sample of 9 judoka (black belt) and 11 near judoka (white belt) were studied. Eye movements were recorded at 500Hz using a video based eye tracker (EyeLink II). Each subject participated in 40 sessions for about 40 minutes. Gaze behaviour was considered as average number of locations fixated per trial, the average number of fixations per trial, and mean fixation duration. Soccer Methods: Seven (n = 7) intermediate level male volunteered for the experiment. The kickers and goalkeepers, had at least varsity level soccer experience. The vision-in-action (VIA) system (Vickers 1996; Vickers 2007) was used to collect the coupled gaze and motor behaviours of the goalkeepers. This system integrated input from a mobile eye tracking system (Applied Sciences Laboratories) with an external video of the goalkeeper’s saving actions. The goalkeepers took 30 penalty kicks on a synthetic pitch in accordance with FIFA (2008) laws. Judo Results: Results indicate that experts group differed significantly from near expert for fixations duration, and number of fixations per trial. The expert judokas used a less exhaustive search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration than their novice counterparts and focused on central regions of the body. The results showed that in defence and attack situation expert group did a greater number of transitions with respect to their novice counterpart. Soccer Results: We found significant main effect for the number of locations fixated across outcome (goal/save) but not for foot contact (instep/inside). Participants spent more time fixating the areas in instep than inside kick and in goal than in save situation. Mean and standard error in search strategy as a result of foot contact and outcome indicate that the most gaze behaviour start and finish on ball interest areas. Conclusions: Expert goalkeepers tend to spend more time in inside-save than instep-save penalty, differences that was opposite in scored penalty kick. Judo results show that differences in visual behaviour related to the level of expertise appear mainly when the test presentation is continuous, last for a relatively long period of time and present a high level of uncertainty with regard to the chronology and the nature of events. Expert judoist performers “anchor” the fovea on central regions of the scene (lapel and face) while using peripheral vision to monitor opponents’ limb movements. The differences between judo and soccer gaze strategies are discussed on the light of physiological and neuropsychological differences between near and far space perception.

The Effect Of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Alone Or In Combination With Electrostimulation In The Treatment Of Sexual Dysfunction In Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Sexual dysfunction (SD) affects up to 80% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) play an important role in the sexual function of these patients. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a rehabilitation program to treat lower urinary tract symptoms on SD of women with MS. Thirty MS women were randomly allocated to one of three groups: pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback and sham neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) (Group I), PFMT with EMG biofeedback and intravaginal NMES (Group II), and PFMT with EMG biofeedback and transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) (Group III). Assessments, before and after the treatment, included: PFM function, PFM tone, flexibility of the vaginal opening and ability to relax the PFMs, and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. After treatment, all groups showed improvements in all domains of the PERFECT scheme. PFM tone and flexibility of the vaginal opening was lower after the intervention only for Group II. All groups improved in arousal, lubrication, satisfaction and total score domains of the FSFI questionnaire. This study indicates that PFMT alone or in combination with intravaginal NMES or TTNS contributes to the improvement of SD.

Treadmill Training Increases Sirt-1 And Pgc-1 α Protein Levels And Ampk Phosphorylation In Quadriceps Of Middle-aged Rats In An Intensity-dependent Manner.

The present study investigated the effects of running at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h on inflammatory proteins (i.e., protein levels of TNF- α , IL-1 β , and NF- κ B) and metabolic proteins (i.e., protein levels of SIRT-1 and PGC-1 α , and AMPK phosphorylation) in quadriceps of rats. Male Wistar rats at 3 (young) and 18 months (middle-aged rats) of age were divided into nonexercised (NE) and exercised at 0.8 or 1.2 km/h. The rats were trained on treadmill, 50 min per day, 5 days per week, during 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, muscles were removed, homogenized, and analyzed using biochemical and western blot techniques. Our results showed that: (a) running at 0.8 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with NE rats; (b) these responses were lower for the inflammatory proteins and higher for the metabolic proteins in young rats compared with middle-aged rats; (c) running at 1.2 km/h decreased the inflammatory proteins and increased the metabolic proteins compared with 0.8 km/h; (d) these responses were similar between young and middle-aged rats when trained at 1.2 km. In summary, the age-related increases in inflammatory proteins, and the age-related declines in metabolic proteins can be reversed and largely improved by treadmill training.