Avaliação cefalométrica das alterações dentoesqueléticas de jovens com má oclusão de Classe II dentária tratados com distalizadores Jones jig

OBJETIVO: esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar cefalometricamente as alterações dentoesqueléticas de jovens com Classe II dentária tratados com o distalizador Jones jig. METODOLOGIA: foram avaliados 30 pacientes, sendo 15 de cada gênero, com média de idades iniciais de 13,63 anos; brasileiros, naturais da cidade de Bauru/SP, caracterizados por má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª e 2ª divisões de Angle sem comprometimento esquelético. Os jovens foram tratados com aparelho Jones jig a fim de distalizar os molares superiores a uma relação molar de "super Classe I"; sendo que esse dispositivo permaneceu, em média, por 0,55 anos. Ao final da sobrecorreção, os molares distalizados receberam um botão de Nance e, como ancoragem extrabucal, o aparelho extrabucal (AEB) com tração média-alta, com o intuito de verticalizar e corrigir a angulação radicular dos molares distalizados. Foram realizadas telerradiografias em normal lateral inicial (T1) e pós-distalização (T2). As medidas cefalométricas foram submetidas ao teste t dependente de Student para avaliar as alterações de T1 para T2. RESULTADOS: com base nos resultados obtidos e a partir da metodologia empregada, observou-se alterações dentárias significativas, como a movimentação distal linear e angular, assim como a intrusão dos segundos e primeiros molares superiores no sentido vertical. Também se confirmou efeitos indesejáveis, como a perda de ancoragem refletida em mesialização, extrusão e angulação mesial dos segundos pré-molares, a protrusão dos incisivos superiores e o aumento do trespasse vertical e horizontal. Pode-se confirmar que certas movimentações dentárias promovem significativas alterações esqueléticas de estruturas localizadas à distância, ou seja, observou-se extrusão significativa dos segundos pré-molares superiores, o que resultou em rotação mandibular, aumento significativo da altura facial anteroinferior e protrusão do lábio inferior. CONCLUSÃO: pode-se concluir que o distalizador Jones jig promove, basicamente, alterações dentárias.

Comparative distalization effects of Jones jig and pendulum appliances

Introduction: In this study, we compared the dentoalveolar changes of Class II patients treated with Jones jig and pendulum appliances. Methods: The experimental group comprised 40 Class II malocclusion subjects, divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 20 patients (11 boys, 9 girls) at a mean pretreatment age of 13.17 years, treated with the Jones jig appliance for 0.91 years; group 2 comprised 20 patients (8 boys, 12 grls) at a mean pretreatment age of 13.98 years, treated with the pendulum appliance for 1.18 years. Only active treatment time of molar distalization was evaluated in the predistalization and postdistalization lateral cephalograms. Molar, second premolar, and incisor angular and linear variables were obtained. The intergroup treatment changes in these variables were compared with independent t tests. Results: The maxillary second premolars showed greater mesial tipping and extrusion in the Jones jig group, indicating more anchorage loss during molar distalization with this appliance. The amounts and the monthly rates of molar distalization were similar in both groups. Conclusions: The Jones jig group showed greater mesial tipping and extrusion of the maxillary second premolars. The mean amounts and the monthly rates of first molar distalization were similar in both groups. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135:336-42)

16th census of the United States: 1940. Census of business: 1939. Retail trade. Commodity sales: book stores; news dealers; stationery stores; gift, novelty, souvenir shops; office, store appliance and equipment dealers; office, store, school supply dealers; scientific, medical instrument and supply dealers.

At head of title: U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Jesse H. Jones, Secretary. Bureau of the Census. J.C. Capt, Director ..

Skeletal alterations associated with the use of bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance

Bonded maxillary expansion appliances have been suggested to control increases in the vertical dimension of the face after rapid maxillary expansion (RME). However, there is still no consensus in the literature about its real skeletal effects. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate, longitudinally, the vertical and sagittal cephalometric alterations after RME performed with bonded maxillary expansion appliance. The sample consisted of 26 children, with a mean age of 8.7 years (range: 6.9-10.9 years), with posterior skeletal crossbite and indication for RME. After maxillary expansion, the bonded appliance was used as a fixed retention for 3.4 months, being replaced by a removable retention subsequently. The cephalometric study was performed onto lateral radiographs, taken before treatment was started, and again 6.3 months after removing the bonded appliance. Intra-group comparison was made using paired t test. The results showed that there were no significant sagittal skeletal changes at the end of treatment. There was a small vertical skeletal increase in five of the eleven evaluated cephalometric measures. The maxilla displaced downward, but it did not modify the facial growth patterns or the direction of the mandible growth. Under the specific conditions of this research, it may be concluded that RME with acrylic bonded maxillary expansion appliance did promote signifciant vertical or sagittal cephalometric alterations. The vertical changes found with the use of the bonded appliance were small and probably transitory, similar to those occurred with the use of banded expansion appliances.

Claude Jones addressing a Communist Party of Australia meeting in Brisbane, Australia

Claude Jones addressing a Communist Party of Australia meeting in Brisbane, Australia. Ted Bacon can be seen at the table.

Changes in quantum efficiency of Photosystem II of symbiotic dinoflagellates of corals after heat stress, and of bleached corals sampled after the 1998 Great Barrier Reef mass bleaching event Ross J. Jones , Selina Ward, Affendi Yang Amri and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg

Pulse-amplitude-modulation chlorophyll fluorometry was used to examine changes in dark-adapted F-v/F-m of endosymbiotic dinoflagellate microalgae within the tissues of the temperate coral Plesiastrea versipora exposed to elevated seawater temperature. The F-v/F-m was markedly reduced following exposure of corals to 28 degrees C for 48 h. When corals were returned to ambient (24 degrees C) conditions, F-v/F-m increased in an initial rapid and then secondary slower phase. Tissue discolouration (coral bleaching), caused by a significant decrease in the density of algae, was observed during the first 2-3 days of the recovery period. After 14 days, F-v/F-m was still significantly lower than in control corals. The recovery of F-v/F-m is discussed in terms of repair processes within the symbiotic algae, division of healthy algae and also the selective removal of photo-damaged dinoflagellates. Under field conditions, bleached corals sampled at Heron Island Reef during a bleaching event had significantly lower F-v/F-m than non-bleached colonies; four months after the bleaching event, there were no differences in F-v/F-m or algal density in corals marked as having bleached or having shown no signs of colour loss. The results of this laboratory and field study are consistent with the hypothesis that an impairment of photosynthesis occurs during heat-stress, and is the underlying cause of coral bleaching.

Hyrax appliance opening and pattern of skeletal maxillary expansion after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a computed tomography evaluation

Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using computed tomography, correlations between Hyrax appliance opening and post-SARPE skeletal changes. Study design. Fifteen patients underwent SARPE according to a specific protocol and were followed. Linear and angular measurements of the anterior, intermediate, and posterior portions of the maxilla were evaluated. The correlation between maxillary expansion and appliance opening was investigated. Results. Significant overall expansion was observed. In the anterior and intermediate portions of the maxilla, the increase in maxillary width was greater than that observed in the posterior portion. The degree of appliance opening was significantly greater than that of the skeletal expansion. Also, no linear correlation between appliance opening and regional maxillary expansion was established. Conclusion. The transverse expansion of the maxilla was less than uniform. The lack of linear correlation between appliance opening and skeletal expansion is attributable to multiple factors, including those related to the device, the surgical technique, and the craniofacial deformity itself. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 106: 812-819)

Mandibular appliance modulates condylar growth through integrins

Functional orthopedic therapy corrects growth discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible, possibly through postural changes in the musculature and modulation of the mandibular condylar cartilage growth. Using Wistar rats, we tested the hypothesis that chondrocytes respond to forces generated by a mandibular propulsor appliance by changes in gene expression, and that integrins are important mediators in this response. Immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the use of the appliance for different periods of time modulated the expression of fibronectin, alpha 5 and alpha v integrin subunits, as well as cell proliferation in the cartilage. In vitro, cyclic distension of condylar cartilage-derived cells increased fibronectin mRNA, as well as Insulinlike Growth Factor-I and II mRNA and cell proliferation. A peptide containing the Arginine-Glycine-Asparagine sequence (RGD), the main cell-binding sequence in fibronectin, blocked almost all these effects, confirming that force itself modulates the growth of the rat condylar cartilage, and that RGD-binding integrins participate in mechanotransduction.

Effects of the pendulum appliance, cervical headgear, and 2 premolar extractions followed by fixed appliances in patients with Class II malocclusion

Introduction: In this retrospective study, we compared the cephalometric effects, the dental-arch changes, and the efficiency of Class II treatment with the pendulum appliance, cervical headgear, or extraction of 2 maxillary premolars, all associated with fixed appliance therapy. Methods: The sample of 82 patients with Class II malocclusion was divided into 3 groups: group 1 patients (n = 22; treatment time, 3.8 years) were treated with the pendulum appliance and fixed orthodontic appliances. Group 2 patients (n = 30; treatment time, 3.2 years) were treated with cervical headgear followed by fixed appliances; group 3 patients (n = 30; treatment time, 2.1 years) were treated with 2 maxillary premolar extractions and fixed appliances. The average starting ages of the groups ranged from 13.2 to 13.8 years. Data were obtained from serial cephalometric measurements and dental casts. The dental casts were analyzed with the treatment priority index. The treatment efficiency index was also used. Results: The 3 treatment protocols produced similar cephalometric effects, especially skeletally. Comparisons among the 2 distalizing appliances (pendulum and cervical headgear) and extraction of 2 maxillary premolars for Class II treatment showed changes primarily in the maxillary dentoalveolar component and dental relationships. The facial profile was similar after treatment, except for slightly more retrusion of the upper lip in the extraction patients. The treatment priority index demonstrated that occlusal outcomes also were similar among the groups. The treatment efficiency index had higher values for the extraction group. Conclusions: The effects of treatment with the pendulum appliance or cervical headgear and extraction of 2 maxillary premolars associated with fixed appliances were similar from both occlusal and cephalometric standpoints. Class II treatment with extraction of maxillary teeth was more efficient because of the shorter treatment time. Differences in maxillary incisor retraction should be noted, but these differences might have been due to greater maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion in the extraction group before treatment. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;136:833-42)

Comparative efficiency of Class II malocclusion treatment with the pendulum appliance or two maxillary premolar extractions and edgewire appliances

The objective of this study was to compare, on study models and initial cephalograms, the efficiency of Class II malocclusion treatment with the pendulum appliance, and with two maxillary premolar extraction protocol. The sample consisted of 48 treated Class II malocclusion patients: group 1 comprised 22 patients (7 males, 15 females) treated with the pendulum appliance, with an initial mean age of 14.44 years and group 2, 26 patients (14 males, 12 females) treated with two maxillary premolar extractions at an initial mean age of 13.66 years. To compare the efficiency of each treatment protocol, the occlusal outcomes were evaluated on dental casts using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index and the treatment time (TT) of each group was calculated on clinical charts. The degree of treatment efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the percentage of occlusal improvement, evaluated through the PAR index, and TT. Statistical analysis was undertaken by means of t-tests. The findings demonstrated that the two maxillary premolar extraction protocol provided the occlusal outcomes in a shorter time (group 1: 45.7 months, group 2: 23.01 months) and, therefore, demonstrated greater treatment efficiency than the pendulum appliance.

O efeito da técnica de inibição de Jones nos músculos Masseter e temporal nas disfunções temporomandibulares

Introdução: A disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), de causa muscular, caracteriza-se por uma dor músculo-esquelética crónica, com sinais e sintomas específicos como a presença de Trigger Points (TrPs). Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da Técnica de Inibição de Jones (TIJ) nos músculos masseter e temporal em indivíduos com DTM, e a identificação dos sinais e sintomas, a relação entre a severidade da DTM, a ansiedade e a qualidade de sono. Métodos: Estudo quasi-experimental, constituído por 16 indivíduos no grupo experimental (GE) e 17 grupo controle (GC). O grau de severidade foi avaliado pelo Índice de Helkimo e as alterações do sono pelo questionário de Pittsburgh sobre a qualidade do sono. Apenas o GE foi sujeito a uma TIJ nos TrPs latentes dos músculos masseter e temporal. Os dois grupos foram avaliados pré-intervenção (M0), pós-intervenção (M1) e 3 semanas após (M2), as amplitudes de movimento ativas de abertura, lateralidade direita/esquerda e protusão da boca bem como a dor (EVA) em repouso e na abertura máxima. Resultados: Foi possível observar que quanto maior o grau de DTM, maior a frequência de ansiedade e pior a qualidade do sono. Observou-se um decréscimo de TrPs, no GE, após a aplicação da técnica, principalmente no masseter. Não foi possível verificar diferenças inter-grupos. Contudo, observou-se no GE uma melhoria em todas as amplitudes avaliadas entre o M0 e o M2. Em relação à EVA em repouso e na abertura máxima, o GE demonstrou diminuição da dor no M1 e manteve valores inferiores no M2. Conclusão: Verifica-se uma diminuição dos TrPs, uma melhoria das amplitudes ativas bem como uma diminuição da dor após a aplicação da TIJ no GE. Já ao longo do tempo, o efeito é menos expressivo contudo observam-se valores inferiores comparativamente a M0.

Dynamics of the Dow Jones and the NASDAQ stock indexes

The goal of this study is the analysis of the dynamical properties of financial data series from worldwide stock market indices. We analyze the Dow Jones Industrial Average ( ∧ DJI) and the NASDAQ Composite ( ∧ IXIC) indexes at a daily time horizon. The methods and algorithms that have been explored for description of physical phenomena become an effective background, and even inspiration, for very productive methods used in the analysis of economical data. We start by applying the classical concepts of signal analysis, Fourier transform, and methods of fractional calculus. In a second phase we adopt a pseudo phase plane approach.