El just-in-time i la fallida dels sistemes productius al Japó al març de 2011

El document descriu com el just-in-time va afavorir la fallida dels sistemes productius de les empreses d'automoció al Japó durant el gran terratrèmol de l'any 2011.

El just-in-time i la fallida dels sistemes productius al Japó al març de 2011

El document descriu com el just-in-time va afavorir la fallida dels sistemes productius de les empreses d'automoció al Japó durant el gran terratrèmol de l'any 2011.

L'Àsia, un continent divers : el Japó. 'Ásia, un continente diverso : el Japón'.

Resumen del documento en catalán

L'Àsia, un continent divers : el Japó i els dracs asiàtics. 'Ásia, un continente diverso : el Japón y los dragones asiáticos'.

Resumen del documento en catalán

El espa??ol en Jap??n : qu?? y c??mo se ense??a

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

??C??mo besan en Jap??n?

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Die Karolinen-Insel Jap : ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Land und Leuten in unseren deutschen Südsee-Kolonien

von P. Salesius, O. Cap.

I. Zur geologischen Kenntnis von den Palau-Inseln, Jap, den Marianen und Ponape,

Mode of access: Internet.

Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission in the avian hippocampus

The avian hippocampus plays a pivotal role in memory required for spatial navigation and food storing. Here we have examined synaptic transmission and plasticity within the hippocampal formation of the domestic chicken using an in vitro slice preparation. With the use of sharp microelectrodes we have shown that excitatory synaptic inputs in this structure are glutamatergic and activate both NMDA-and AMPA-type receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. In response to tetanic stimulation, the EPSP displayed a robust long-term potentiation (LTP) lasting >1 hr. This LTP was unaffected by blockade of NMDA receptors or chelation of postsynaptic calcium. Application of forskolin increased the EPSP and reduced paired-pulse facilitation: (PPF), indicating an increase in release probability. In contrast, LTP was not associated with a change in the PPF ratio. Induction of LTP did not occlude the effects of forskolin. Thus, in contrast to NMDA receptor-independent LTP in the mammalian brain, LTP in the chicken hippocampus is not attributable to a change in the probability of transmitter release and does not require activation of adenylyl cyclase, These findings indicate that a novel form of synaptic plasticity might underlie learning in the avian hippocampus.

Presynaptic long-term depression at a central glutamatergic synapse: a role for CaMKII

CaMKII is a calcium-activated kinase that is abundant in neurons and has been strongly implicated in memory and learning. Here we show that low-frequency stimulation of glutamatergic afferents in hippocampal slices from juvenile domestic chicks results in long-term depression of synaptic transmission. This reduction does not require activation of NMDA or metabotropic glutamate receptors and does not require a rise in postsynaptic calcium. However, buffering presynaptic calcium prevents the reduction of the excitatory postsynaptic potential or current that is induced by low-frequency stimulation. in addition, application of the calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium, or the specific CaMKII antagonist KN-93, completely blocks long-term depression. These findings demonstrate a newsy discovered form of long-term synaptic depression in the avian hippocampus.

Inhibition of transmitter release and long-term depression in the avian hippocampus

Long-term depression has recently been shown to occur at glutamatergic synapses in the avian hippocampus and requires activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the nerve terminal. Here using whole cell and intracellular recordings from brain slices, we show that the N-type calcium channel contributes significantly to glutamate release in the avian hippocampus. Activation of the metabotrobic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(B) receptor by the specific agonist baclofen blocks synaptic transmission. The action of baclofen was associated with a change in paired pulse facilitation indicating that it resulted from a reduction in the probability of transmitter release, In contrast, no change in paired pulse facilitation was observed following the induction of long-term depression. These results show that activation of GABA(B) receptors and long-term depression reduce transmitter release by distinct mechanisms. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gest??o de pessoas na administra????o p??blica japonesa

Este ensaio ?? resultado da participa????o da autora do Seminar on Public Personnel Administration For Middle Level Officials (Semin??rio sobre Administra????o de pessoal no servi??o p??blico para servidores ocupantes de cargos equivalentes a dire????o e assessoramento) promovido pela National Personnel Authority do Governo Japon??s (NPA) e pela Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). A NPA ?? a ag??ncia central para administra????o de pessoal civil do governo japon??s. Entre suas principais fun????es est??o o planejamento e a implementa????o dos concursos p??blicos, as recomenda????es para a melhoria das condi????es de trabalho, incluindo quest??es como remunera????o e limites de horas de trabalho, e a defini????o de diretrizes para capacita????o e gest??o por desempenho. A JICA, por sua vez, ?? a ag??ncia de coopera????o japonesa respons??vel por promover os programas de treinamento para pa??ses em desenvolvimento com o intuito de apoiar os esfor??os de auto-aprimoramento para gera????o de progresso econ??mico e melhoria na vida dos cidad??os desses pa??ses. A JICA seleciona anualmente cerca de 8 mil participantes de 150 pa??ses e ??reas do mundo. Os tipos de atividades desenvolvidas s??o programas de treinamento em grupo, de longo prazo (ex.: mestrados e doutorados) e programas focados na realidade de um pa??s ou regi??o. O semin??rio em quest??o classifica-se na primeira modalidade de treinamento em grupo e contou com a participa????o de 11 servidores com atua????o na ??rea de gest??o de pessoas do Brasil, Gana, Kosovo, L??bano, Nepal, Ruanda, Ilhas Salom??o, Sri Lanka, Tail??ndia, Trinidade e Tobago.

Fatigue Prediction on Fibrin Poly-ε-caprolactone Macroporous Scaffolds

Tissue engineering applications rely on scaffolds that during its service life, either for in-vivo or in vitro applications, are under mechanical solicitations. The variation of the mechanical condition of the scaffold is strongly relevant for cell culture and has been scarcely addressed. Fatigue life cycle of poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL, scaffolds with and without fibrin as filler of the pore structure were characterized both dry and immersed in liquid water. It is observed that the there is a strong increase from 100 to 500 in the number of loading cycles before collapse in the samples tested in immersed conditions due to the more uniform stress distributions within the samples, the fibrin loading playing a minor role in the mechanical performance of the scaffolds