Genetic parameters by Bayesian inference for dual purpose Jaffarabadi buffaloes

Knowledge of genetic parameters is essential for improved reproductive management and increased yield. Quantitative analysis of genetic parameters is lacking for many breeds of buffaloes. This article provides the first estimate of genetic parameters for dual purpose (meat and milk) Brazilian Jaffarabadi buffaloes, using Bayesian inference. Data on milk yield (MY), lactation length (LL), weight at 205 days (W205) and 365 (W365) days of age, and average daily gain (ADG) from 205 to 365 days of age were collected in two herds. Bivariate analyses (using the program MTGSAM) were performed with the Gibbs sampler to obtain estimates of variance and covariance. Average lactation milk yield and lactation length were 1 620.2 +/- 450.9 kg and 257.6 +/- 46.8 days, respectively, and the mean values for weight traits (kg) were 181.6 +/- 63.3 (W205), 298.04 +/- 116.1 (W365), and 0.73 +/- 0.35 (ADG). Heritability estimates (modes) were 0.16 for MY, 0.10 for LL, 0.43 for W205, 0.48 for W365 and 0.32 for ADG. There was a high genetic correlation (0.96) between milk yield and lactation length and very high genetic correlations (0.99) between the three growth traits. Our data suggest that both milk production and growth traits have clear potential for yield improvement through direct selection in this dual purpose breed. The selection for weight at an early age would be successful and selection for MY can be performed in the first lactation.

Population Parameters Based on Known Pedigree Records from Brazilian Jaffarabadi Buffaloes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effective number of founders and ancestors, generation intervals and completeness of pedigree in Jaffarabadi breed buffaloes raised in Brazil. Pedigree records of 1,272 animals born from 1966 were used. The parameters were estimated using ENDOG, computational population genetic software. The obtained value for completeness of pedigree was 99.5, 50.9, and 20.5 for, the first, second and third generations, respectively. Generation interval estimates expressed in years and considering different pathways were 12.28 +/- 6.90 (sire-son), 11.55 +/- 6.07 (sire-daughter), 8.20 +/- 2.63 (dam-son) and 8.794 +/-.33 (dam-daughter). The overall average generation interval was 10.17 +/- 5.43 years. The number of founders, equivalent founders and ancestor animals that contributed for the genetic diversity in the reference population (1059) were 136, 130 and 134, respectively. Effective number of founder (f(e)=8) and ancestors (f(a)=7) were small, and the calculated expected inbreeding increase per generation was 4.99%. Four ancestors explained 50% of the genetic variability in the population and the major ancestor contributed with approximately 33% of the total population genetic variation. The genetic diversity within the current population is low as a consequence of a reduced number of ancestors.

Inbreeding, Average Relatedness Coefficient and Effective Population Size In Jaffarabadi Buffaloes Raised In Brazil

The major aim of this study was to evaluate the inbreeding (F), average relatedness coefficient (AR) and effective population size (Ne) in the Jaffarabadi buffalo breed from Brazil. Pedigree information of 1,272 animals born from 1966 was used. The effective population size was calculated in two ways: first, computed via individual increase in inbreeding and second estimated by individual increase in coancestry. The known generation numbers were 1.24, 1.76 and 2.64 for complete, equivalent and maximum generation, respectively. The effective size computed via individual increase in coancestry was small with a value of 10.82 +/- 1.29. The effective size computed by individual increase in inbreeding (10.40 +/- 3.69) was very similar but a little smaller than the previous reported value. The average values of F and AR for the population reference (1,059) were 4.22 and 12.5 percent. The mean of F for inbred animals (319) was 14.0%. The F and AR means were 5.7 and 13.3% for animals with at least 1.5 known equivalent generation and 9.3 and 15.97% for individuals having at least 2.5 equivalent generations known. It was found 78 matings between half sibs (6.14%) and 67 matings (5.27%) between parent-offspring. The estimated inbreeding increase per generation by considering maximum generation, complete generation and equivalent generation were 1.21%, 5.18% and 3.57%, respectively. Considering the uncompleted pedigree, the estimated inbreeding for the reference population could be underestimated.

Cytogenetics of three breeds of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.), with evidence of a fragile site on the X chromosome

The cytogenetic study of 182 river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L., 2n=50) of Murrah, Mediterranean and Jaffarabadi breeds, from the State of São Paulo, was carried out to characterize their chromosomes and to detect possible chromosomal abnormalities. The karyotypes were indistinguishable with conventional staining as well as with C and replication R banding techniques. In about 44% of the sample (8 males and 72 females), an X marker chromosome due to a fragile site was shown. The frequency of metaphases expressing the fragility site on the X was highly variable, from 2.86 to 41.03%. In females, the fragile site, rarely appeared on both X chromosomes. Most of the metaphases showed only 1 marker chromosome. In R-banded metaphases using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) treatment, it corresponded in general to the late replicating X chromosome. No correlation between the X fragile site and altered phenotype was found. Structural and numerical chromosome rearrangements were ruled out in the present sample of buffalo. (C) 1998 by Elsevier B.V.

Análise de polimorfismo de marcadores microssatélites do cromossomo 6 em raças bubalinas comerciais do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo da eficiência reprodutiva de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na Amazônia Oriental

Foram avaliados os dados de 1983 a 2005 de cinco rebanhos bubalinos das raças Jafarabadi, Murrah, Mediterrâneo, Carabao e Tipo Baio, bem como seus mestiços. Estudaram-se as características reprodutivas: Idade à Primeira Cria (IPC), Intervalo de Partos (IDP), Eficiência Reprodutiva (ER), Fertilidade Real Adaptada (FRA), Produtividade ao Primeiro Parto Adaptada (PPPA) e Produtividade Acumulada Adaptada (PACA). A média geral encontrada, não ajustada, para IPC foi de 1052,52 ± 120,45 dias (34,7 meses), com valor mínimo e máximo de 737 e 1271 dias, respectivamente, com um coeficiente de variação de 10,32%. O grau de sangue da fêmea e o ano do parto apresentaram efeito significativo (P<0,0001) sobre a idade ao primeiro parto. Para o IEP, a média geral encontrada, não ajustada, foi de 399,69 ± 23,78 dias ou 13,17 meses com um coeficiente de variação de 5,88%. Não foi observada influência significativa das fontes de variação (grau de sangue da fêmea, ano do parto e estação do parto) nos interpartos. A média geral encontrada, não ajustada, para ER, foi de 91,09 ± 1,89% com um coeficiente de variação de 2,05%. Não foi observada influência significativa das fontes de variação (grau de sangue da fêmea, ano do parto e estação do parto) na ER do rebanho. A FRA média encontrada, não ajustada, foi 29,30 ± 4,40 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano, com valor mínimo e máximo de 0,99 e 44,27 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano, respectivamente, com um coeficiente de variação de 11,89%. Dentre os fatores que afetam a FRA do rebanho estudado, o grau de sangue da fêmea e o ano do parto mostraram influência significativa (P<0,0001) constituindo-se, portanto, como fontes de variação para essa característica. Para a PPPA, a média geral encontrada, não ajustada, foi de 33,75 ± 6,89 quilogramas, com valor mínimo e máximo de 10 e 62 quilogramas, respectivamente, com um coeficiente de variação de 10,20%. Dentre os fatores que afetaram a PPPA do rebanho estudado, somente o ano do parto mostrou influência significativa (P<0,0001) constituindo-se, portanto, como fonte de variação para essa característica. No que diz respeito a PACA, a média geral encontrada, não ajustada, foi de 22,86 ± 6,55 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano, com valor mínimo e máximo de 2,08 e 55,35 quilogramas de bezerro parido por ano, respectivamente, com um coeficiente de variação de 6,55%. Dentre os fatores que afetaram a PACA do rebanho estudado, o grau de sangue da fêmea e o ano do parto mostraram influência significativa (P<0,0001) constituindo-se, portanto, como fontes de variação para essa característica. Os parâmetros reprodutivos avaliados neste estudo mostraram-se dentro de uma variação compatível com a observada na literatura pertinente. De maneira geral, verificou-se influência do ano de parto, grau de sangue e grau de sangue da fêmea sobre as características estudadas, o que indica que tais efeitos devem ser levados em consideração na avaliação e seleção dos animais. Os índices produtivos utilizados mostraram-se de grande valia para a seleção, devendo ser melhor estudadas suas interações para com o desempenho geral do rebanho.