Observations de pulsateurs compacts à l'aide de la caméra Mont4K CCD

Les pulsateurs compacts sont des étoiles présentant des variations intrinsèques de luminosité dont les gravités de surface sont supérieures à 100,000 cm/s² On retrouve parmi ces objets deux familles des sous-naines chaudes de type B (sdB) pulsantes et quatre familles distinctes de naines blanches pulsantes. Dans le but d'observer les pulsations de tels objets pour ensuite analyser leur propriétés grâce à l'astéroséismologie, l'Université de Montréal, en collaboration avec le Imaging Technology Laboratory (ITL - University of Arizona), a développé la caméra Mont4K (Montreal4K) CCD qui est, depuis le printemps 2007, le principal détecteur employé au télescope Kuiper de 1.55 m du Mt Bigelow (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona). à l'aide de ce montage, des observations ont été menées pour quelques-uns de ces pulsateurs compacts. La première cible fut HS 0702+6043, un pulsateur hybride. Une importante mission pour cet objet, réalisée du 1er novembre 2007 au 14 mars 2008, a permis d'identifier 28 modes de pulsations pour cet objet en plus de mettre en évidence pour certains de ces modes d'importantes variations d'amplitude. Deux autres cibles furent les naines blanches pulsantes au carbone de type « Hot DQ » SDSS J220029.08-074121.5 et SDSS J234843.30-094245.3. Il fut possible de montrer de façon indirecte la présence d'un fort champ magnétique à la surface de J220029.08-074121.5 grâce à la présence de la première harmonique du mode principal. En outre, pour ces deux cibles, on a pu conclure que celles-ci font bel et bien partie de la classe des naines blanches pulsantes au carbone.

Investigating the hydrothermal growth of zinc oxide nanostructures through seed layer control

Controlling the growth of ZnO nanostructures for photovoltaic applications will ensure greater device efficiency and parameter control. This paper reports on methods to engineer the morphology and tailor the nanostructure growth direction through the hydrothermal synthesis method. Effective control is achieved through the use of a sputtered zinc layer together with modifications of the growth solution. These nanostructures have been developed with a view to incorporation into excitonic solar cells, and methods to improve surface stability using a fully aqueous synthesis method will be discussed. © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München.

ALD: adaptive layer distribution for scalable video

Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the demand for streaming video over the Internet and mobile networks, exposes challenges in coping with heterogeneous devices and varying network throughput. Adaptive schemes, such as scalable video coding, are an attractive solution but fare badly in the presence of packet losses. Techniques that use description-based streaming models, such as multiple description coding (MDC), are more suitable for lossy networks, and can mitigate the effects of packet loss by increasing the error resilience of the encoded stream, but with an increased transmission byte cost. In this paper, we present our adaptive scalable streaming technique adaptive layer distribution (ALD). ALD is a novel scalable media delivery technique that optimises the tradeoff between streaming bandwidth and error resiliency. ALD is based on the principle of layer distribution, in which the critical stream data are spread amongst all packets, thus lessening the impact on quality due to network losses. Additionally, ALD provides a parameterised mechanism for dynamic adaptation of the resiliency of the scalable video. The Subjective testing results illustrate that our techniques and models were able to provide levels of consistent high-quality viewing, with lower transmission cost, relative to MDC, irrespective of clip type. This highlights the benefits of selective packetisation in addition to intuitive encoding and transmission.

Non-assisted versus neuro-navigated and XperCT-guided external ventricular catheter placement: a comparative cadaver study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accurate placement of an external ventricular drain (EVD) for the treatment of hydrocephalus is of paramount importance for its functionality and in order to minimize morbidity and complications. The aim of this study was to compare two different drain insertion assistance tools with the traditional free-hand anatomical landmark method, and to measure efficacy, safety and precision. METHODS: Ten cadaver heads were prepared by opening large bone windows centered on Kocher's points on both sides. Nineteen physicians, divided in two groups (trainees and board certified neurosurgeons) performed EVD insertions. The target for the ventricular drain tip was the ipsilateral foramen of Monro. Each participant inserted the external ventricular catheter in three different ways: 1) free-hand by anatomical landmarks, 2) neuronavigation-assisted (NN), and 3) XperCT-guided (XCT). The number of ventricular hits and dangerous trajectories; time to proceed; radiation exposure of patients and physicians; distance of the catheter tip to target and size of deviations projected in the orthogonal plans were measured and compared. RESULTS: Insertion using XCT increased the probability of ventricular puncture from 69.2 to 90.2 % (p = 0.02). Non-assisted placements were significantly less precise (catheter tip to target distance 14.3 ± 7.4 mm versus 9.6 ± 7.2 mm, p = 0.0003). The insertion time to proceed increased from 3.04 ± 2.06 min. to 7.3 ± 3.6 min. (p < 0.001). The X-ray exposure for XCT was 32.23 mSv, but could be reduced to 13.9 mSv if patients were initially imaged in the hybrid-operating suite. No supplementary radiation exposure is needed for NN if patients are imaged according to a navigation protocol initially. CONCLUSION: This ex vivo study demonstrates a significantly improved accuracy and safety using either NN or XCT-assisted methods. Therefore, efforts should be undertaken to implement these new technologies into daily clinical practice. However, the accuracy versus urgency of an EVD placement has to be balanced, as the image-guided insertion technique will implicate a longer preparation time due to a specific image acquisition and trajectory planning.

Minimal invasive surgery for coronoid fracture: technical note.

Operative treatment of coronoid fracture often requires a large dissection of soft tissue, resulting in elbow stiffness and functional limitation. The authors present a minimal invasive, safe technique, useful in the case of isolated coronoid fracture associated with elbow dislocation. This technique does not require soft tissue dissection and allows an early unlimited resumption of sports activities.

Maya Nadig im Gespräch

Prof. Dr. Maya Nadig (Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Kulturwissenschaft) im Gespräch mit Dr. Wolfgang Hegener am 2. Mai 1998 in Berlin. Das Interview wurde zusammen mit Dr. Heidi Möller geplant und bearbeitet.

"Entgrenzte Arbeitswelt" und ihre Herausforderungen an die Beratungsarbeit

Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt, die mit den Stichworten "Entgrenzung" oder "Flexibilisierung" beschrieben werden können, ergeben sich grundlegende Herausforderungen an Beratung. In den Mittelpunkt rückt dabei - gerade in der Beratung komplexer Systeme - die Suche nach der richtigen Beratungsarchitektur. Wichtig wird daher, intensiv über die Indikationen und Kontraindikationen der unterschiedlichen Beratungsangebote nachzudenken und zu forschen.