Therapeutic itineraries and explanations for tuberculosis: an indigenous perspective

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze explanations for tuberculosis and therapeutic itineraries of Brazilian indigenous people. METHODS Case study with a qualitative-descriptive approach. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 Munduruku indigenous, including direct observation of treatment for tuberculosis in the municipality of Jacareacanga, south-western region of the state of Para, Brazil. To identify explanations for tuberculosis and therapeutic itineraries, we performed thematic content analysis. RESULTS Traditional medicine was the first therapeutic option chosen by the indigenous. However, biomedicine was also employed, which indicates a circulation between different therapeutic contexts and health concepts among the Munduruku. The explanations provided ranged from recognition of the signs and symptoms specific to tuberculosis to the attribution of the disease to a spirit that leaves the body and wanders in the woods, returning ill into the body. Unlike the biomedical model, which links tuberculosis transmission strictly to interpersonal contact, in closed spaces without natural lighting and ventilation (preferably domestic environments), the Munduruku associate the disease to an indirect contact between people socially distant (enemies or adversaries) in public and open places. CONCLUSIONS The explanations made by the indigenous are unique and deserve the attention of those who are responsible for developing health public policies, as well as of the teams who work on the villages. To guarantee an efficient control of tuberculosis in these regions, it is necessary that the developed actions integrate biomedicine knowledge and the traditional medicine of the indigenous people, in addition to respecting and welcoming local culture manifestations.

PERSONAL(ONTO) : Personalizing the Learning Process in Virtual Environments by means of Adaptive Formative Itineraries based on Reusable Learning Objects and Ontologies TIN2006-15107-C02

Personalization in e-learning allows the adaptation of contents, learning strategiesand educational resources to the competencies, previous knowledge or preferences of the student. This project takes a multidisciplinary perspective for devising standards-based personalization capabilities into virtual e-learning environments, focusing on the conceptof adaptive learning itinerary, using reusable learning objects as the basis of the system and using ontologies and semantic web technologies.

Securing dynamic itineraries for mobile agent applications

In this paper we present a novel mechanism for the protection of dynamic itineraries for mobile agent applications. Itineraries that are decided as the agent goes are essential in complex applications based on mobile agents, but no approach has been presented until now to protect them. We have conceived a cryptographic scheme for shielding dynamic itineraries from tampering, impersonation and disclosure. By using trust strategically, our scheme provides a balanced trade-off between flexibility and security. Our protection scheme has been thought always bearing in mind a feasible implementation, and thus facilitates the development of applications that make use of it. An example application based on a real healthcare scenario is also presented to show its operation.

Modelling tourist itineraries in heritage cities: Routes around Old The District of Girona

Tourists do not follow random behavior in heritage cities, but they are consciously or unconsciously guided by socially constructed itineraries. This article studies the shaping of these itineraries in a heritage city (Girona), using the direct observation methodology during the visit (following the tourists from a prudent distance and gathering all the information about their visits) and the conventional questionnaire at the end of the visit. It also establishes which the sociodemographic, environmental and informative factors are that explain this behavior. The simultaneous use of the observation method and a questionnaire was found to be a useful technique for analyzing tourists' behavior and the factors that explain this behavior

Suicide candy: tracing the discourse itineraries of food risk

Traditional approaches to the way people react to food risks often focus on ways in which the media distort information about risk, or on the deficiencies in people’s interpretation of this information. In this chapter Jones offers an alternative model which sees decisions regarding food risk as taking place at a complex nexus where different people, texts, objects and practices, each with their own histories, come together. Based on a case study of a food scandal involving a particular brand of Chinese candy, Jones argues that understanding why people respond the way they do to food risk requires tracing the itineraries along which different people, texts, objects and practices have traveled to converge at particular moments, and understanding the kinds of concrete social actions that these convergences make possible.

Itineraries of pottery: a mixed methods approach to mobility

Neolithic wetland sites in the Swiss Plateau provide an extraordinary database for the study of mobilities, entanglements and transformations in material culture. Based on dendrochronologically dated settlements between 3900 and 3500 BC, two regional pottery styles and their local variations are well known, Pfyn and Cortaillod. The vessels share the same habitus and were made of local raw materials. However, some vessels specific to other pottery styles are also present in the sites. By focusing on itineraries of vessels and shifts in pottery knowledge, their appropriation in different contexts and the resulting material entanglements, we want to approach the multiple regimes of mobility: At Lake Constance - known for Pfyn pottery - specific Michelsberg vessels like tulip beakers and lugged jars occur in small numbers. These travelling objects were produced with exogenous raw materials and transported to the sites from Southern Germany. At Concise (Lake Neuchâtel) besides the local Cortaillod pottery the whole repertoire of NMB pottery, characteristic for Eastern France, was also produced. Further cases from the same space-time frame point to other regimes of mobility. In our two PhD-projects we compare pottery practices - styles, techniques, raw materials - from over 20 key sites in the region. Based on Bourdieu’s reflexive anthropology, we apply different qualitative and quantitative archaeological and archaeometrical methods, thus striving for a deeper understanding of habitus and the transformative potential of moving people, objects and ideas on local and regional scales and related social contexts.

AA road book of England and Wales, with gazetteer, itineraries, maps & town plans.

Mode of access: Internet.

Pattern and function of woody features on the grazing itineraries of Terra Fria, Trás–os–Montes – Portugal

The trees, hedgerows and woods are current configuration of the tree network in several ecological regions of the world. In Trás–os–Montes region, Northeast of Portugal, they are a traditional component of Terra fria landscape and they could be seen in several forms: scatter trees, fencerows, small woodlots, riparian buffer strips, among others. The extensive livestock systems in this region are based on a set of circuits across the landscape. In this practice, flocks interacts with these structures using them for different functions inducing an influence on the itineraries. Our purpose will be focused on the woody features of landscape regarding their configurations, abundance and spacial distribution; in order to examine how the grazing systems depends on the currency of these formations; particularly how species flocks behaviors are related on. Depending on spatial data, The investigation attain to compare the tree network within the agriculture matrix, to the grazed territory crossed by flocks. From the other side, the importance of spatial data on interpreting the issue by suggesting different parameter that may influence the circuits. The recognition of the pressure exerciced by the occurence of the woody structures on the grazed circuits is possible. We believe that the role of these woody structures features in supporting the tradicional silvopastoral systems has been sufficiently strong for change their distribution pattern.

The impact of participation in activities while on vacation on senior's psychological well-being: A path model application

This article extends earlier research regarding the relationships between senior travelers’ participation in activities while on vacation, their overall satisfaction with their travel experiences, and their psychological well-being. A path model was developed to depict the direct and indirect relationships between these variables by using a sample of senior tourists traveling on North American escorted tour itineraries. Whereas the direct effect accounted for 98% of the relationships between the senior tourists’ levels of participation in activities and their psychological well-being, the indirect effect was negligible. The study concluded that senior tourists’activity levels were significantly related to their psychological well-being, but their satisfaction with the tours was not.

Dos movimentos sociais para o Estado : um estudo das carreiras dos ativistas ambientais no Espírito Santo

A dissertação problematiza as relações entre movimentos sociais e Estado no Brasil contemporâneo, dando enfoque à entrada de lideranças de movimentos para órgãos públicos, por meio da ocupação de cargos de confiança e comissionados. Esta mudança no local de atuação, que pode ser compreendida como “trânsito” (da sociedade civil para o Estado) ou do ponto de vista da transformação de papéis (de desafiantes a membros da polity), repercute sobre o campo do ativismo em questão, sobre as decisões e políticas dos órgãos públicos envolvidos, assim como sobre o próprio ativista. Tendo em vista essa discussão, estabelecemos como objeto de atenção os impactos promovidos no nível individual, tendo como objetivo investigar e analisar as transformações processadas nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas de carreiras de lideranças ativistas que adentraram o Estado por meio da ocupação de cargos. Assim, foi realizado um estudo das carreiras ativistas de seis lideranças reconhecidas por terem atuado em um campo específico de militância no Espírito Santo – o campo ambiental – e que ocuparam cargos em órgãos públicos. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa, e os dados foram coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas e em profundidade com as lideranças e em pesquisa em outras fontes, como páginas de internet e materiais cedidos pelos próprios entrevistados. As análises foram instrumentalizadas teoricamente pela sociologia das carreiras militantes, por meio da qual buscamos reconstruir itinerários objetivos e aspectos subjetivos da atuação política das lideranças. Os resultados revelam que, na maioria dos casos estudados, a entrada para o Estado não foi acompanhada do desengajamento em relação ao ativismo desenvolvido em organizações e lutas ambientalistas; e que é recorrente a conciliação (e por vezes a articulação) de ambos. Todavia, a dupla atuação no movimento e no Estado foi permeada por tensões, levando algumas vezes a conflitos e rupturas. O trabalho permite concluir que, mesmo para os que se mantiveram ativistas em movimentos ambientais, houve impactos decorrentes da atuação em órgãos públicos sobre suas carreiras objetivas e subjetivas, sendo notável uma mudança na visão e na relação com o Estado, compreendido como lugar onde é possível “gerar contribuições”.

Contributo do enoturismo para o desenvolvimento de regiões do interior: o caso da rota dos vinhos do alentejo

The wine industry and its relationship with the tourism sector, as well as with the motivations, characteristics, and behaviors wine tourists are relevant for the valuable creation. Some scholars have identified distinct wine tourism market segments based on a supply-side analysis of certain wine-producing tourism destinations. Subsequent studies used cluster analysis to prove that specific wine tourism market segments can be identified in the Alentejo Wine Route. The significant dimension and economical importance of wine tourism in the Alentejo region point towards the need for more dynamic planning and branding efforts. Such efforts will no doubt place the Alentejo Wine Region on par with some of the foremost wine-producing regions in the world.