379 resultados para Itinéraires thérapeutiques


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Ce mémoire de maîtrise vise à produire des connaissances sur les pratiques de recours aux médicaments chez les femmes migrantes chinoises à Montréal. Plus précisément, le but de l'étude est de documenter leurs pratiques de recours aux médicaments, d'analyser les logiques qui les sous-tendent et finalement d'évaluer l'impact de l'expérience migratoire sur ceux-ci. Une approche anthropologique sensible aux facteurs culturels, socio-économiques et politiques sert de contexte d'analyse aux entretiens semidirigés, réalisés auprès de femmes migrantes chinoises. La reconstruction des itinéraires thérapeutiques a dans un premier temps permis d'observer des expériences de santé et de recours thérapeutiques qui bougent dans le temps et qui sont marqués par la migration ainsi que par des temps forts tels que les grossesses et les périodes de stress. Dans un deuxième temps, l'analyse qualitative a servi à dégager trois principaux facteurs d'influence sur les recours médicamenteux et thérapeutiques : les représentations culturelles, le vécu des expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux soins et aux médicaments. Les données récoltées tendent à montrer d’une part que les expériences de santé et les stratégies d'accessibilité aux médicaments et aux soins sont influencées par l'expérience migratoire et d’autre part que les pratiques thérapeutiques de nos informatrices sont imprégnées de pluralisme, et ce, au Canada comme en Chine.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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Referenciado por : Blake, Sacramento. Diccionario bibliographico brazileiro. Rio de Janeiro: Imprensa Nacional, 1883-1902. v. 4, p. 386-388

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Intravitreal administration has been widely used since 20 years and has been shown to improve the treatment of diseases of the posterior segment of the eye with infectious origin or in edematous maculopathies. This route of administration allows to achieve high concentration of drug in the vitreous and avoids the problems resulting from systemic administration. However, two basic problems limit the use of intravitreal therapy. Many drugs are rapidly cleared from the vitreous humor; therefore, to reach and to maintain effective therapy repeated injections are necessary. Repeated intravitreal injections increase the risk of endophthalmitis, damage to lens, retinal detachment. Moreover, some drugs provoke a local toxicity at their effective dose inducing side-effects and possible retinal lesions. In this context, the development and the use of new drug delivery systems for intravitreal administration are necessary to treat chronic ocular diseases. Among them, particulate systems such as liposomes have been widely studied. Liposomes are easily injectable and permit to reduce the toxicity and to increase the residence time of several drugs in the eye. They are also able to protect in vivo poorly-stable molecules from degradation such as peptides and nucleic acids. Some promising results have been obtained for the treatment of retinitis induced by cytomegalovirus in human and more recently for the treatment of uveitis in animal. Finally, the fate of liposomes in ocular tissues and fluids after their injection into the vitreous and their elimination routes begin to be more known.

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The management of gliomas remains challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach that involves neurosurgeons, radiation therapists and oncologists. For patients with glioblastomas, progress has been made in recent years with the introduction of a combined modality treatment associating radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy with the novel alkylating agent temozolomide. This combination resulted in a significant prolongation of survival and increase in the number of patients with survival well beyond two years. Since then, interest in developing new agents in this disease has dramatically increased. In parallel, molecular markers, such as methylation status of MGMT or identification of the translocation of 1p and 19q in oligodendrogliomas have allowed to identify distinct subtypes with exquisite response to treatment or different prognosis. These developments have implications for the development of clinical trials of new potential drug treatments. In this article, we provide a review of the current management of low- and high-grade gliomas, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and glioblastomas and provide an outlook into future potential therapies.