The Economies of Urban Diversity : Ruhr Area and Istanbul

The Economics of Urban Diversity explores ethnic and religious minorities in urban economies. In this exciting work, the contributors develop an integrative approach to urban diversity and economy by employing concepts from different studies and linking historical and contemporary analyses of economic, societal, demographic, and cultural development. Contributors from a variety of disciplines-geography, economics, history, sociology, anthropology, and planning-make for a transdisciplinary analysis of past and present migration-related economic and social issues, which helps to better understand the situation of ethnic and religious minorities in metropolitan areas today.

Normative and cognitive influences on female entrepreneurial reluctance at the base of the pyramid - an explorative study of cleaning ladies in Istanbul

Previous research has considered entrepreneurship as a way out of poverty and as a chance to foster economic growth. Moreover, specifically start-ups headed by women have played an important role in the economic development and it has been argued that gender-related issues, amongst others, play a significant role for the performance of a country or region. Against this background, this qualitative study explores desires, reluctances and constraints toward entrepreneurial activities of a comparably homogenous group of potential (poor) entrepreneurs in an emerging economy—cleaning ladies in Istanbul. We focus on this particular context as still rather little is known on reasons why women do not start a business (in Turkey). We believe exploring the reasons why certain individuals choose not to become entrepreneurs is at least as telling as investigating why they do so. We draw upon the social dimensions of entrepreneurship by Shapero and Sokol (1982) alongside Institutional Theory and posit that normative and cognitive forces may shape individual decisions on entrepreneurship. We identified two basic clusters of women and discuss possible hindrance factors undermining entrepreneurial desires and limitations for entrepreneurship as well as possible avenues for policy makers (and MNCs) to foster entrepreneurship in the given community.

Thermochronologic and geodynamic evolution of the Pontides: Sakarya terrane (Karakaya Complex) and Istanbul terrane, Turkey.

An integrated array of analytical methods -including clay mineralogy, vitrinite reflectance, Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material, and apatite fission-track analysis- was employed to constrain the thermal and thermochronological evolution of selected portions of the Pontides of northern Turkey. (1) A multimethod investigation was applied for the first time to characterise the thermal history of the Karakaya Complex, a Permo-Triassic subduction-accretion complex cropping out throughout the Sakarya Zone. The results indicate two different thermal regimes: the Lower Karakaya Complex (Nilüfer Unit) -mostly made of metabasite and marble- suffered peak temperatures of 300-500°C (greenschist facies); the Upper Karakaya Complex (Hodul and the Orhanlar Units) –mostly made of greywacke and arkose- yielded heterogeneous peak temperatures (125-376°C), possibly the result of different degree of involvement of the units in the complex dynamic processes of the accretionary wedge. Contrary to common belief, the results of this study indicate that the entire Karakaya Complex suffered metamorphic conditions. Moreover, a good degree of correlation among the results of these methods demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy on carbonaceous material can be applied successfully to temperature ranges of 200-330°C, thus extending the application of this method from higher grade metamorphic contexts to lower grade metamorphic conditions. (2) Apatite fission-track analysis was applied to the Sakarya and the İstanbul Zones in order to constrain the exhumation history and timing of amalgamation of these two exotic terranes. AFT ages from the İstanbul and Sakarya terranes recorded three distinct episodes of exhumation related to the complex tectonic evolution of the Pontides. (i) Paleocene - early Eocene ages (62.3-50.3 Ma) reflect the closure of the İzmir-Ankara ocean and the ensuing collision between the Sakarya terrane and the Anatolide-Tauride Block. (ii) Late Eocene - earliest Oligocene (43.5-32.3 Ma) ages reflect renewed tectonic activity along the İzmir-Ankara. (iii) Late Oligocene- Early Miocene ages reflect the onset and development of the northern Aegean extension. The consistency of AFT ages, both north and south of the tectonic contact between the İstanbul and Sakarya terranes, suggest that such terranes were amalgamated in pre-Cenozoic times. (3) Fission-track analysis was also applied to rock samples from the Marmara region, in an attempt to constrain the inception and development of the North Anatolian Fault system in the region. The results agree with those from the central Pontides. The youngest AFT ages (Late Oligocene - early Miocene) were recorded in the western portion of the Marmara Sea region and reflect the onset and development of northern Aegean extension. Fission-track data from the eastern Marmara Sea region indicate rapid Early Eocene exhumation induced by the development of the İzmir-Ankara orogenic wedge. Thermochronological data along the trace of the Ganos Fault –a segment of the North Anatolian Fault system- indicate the presence of a tectonic discontinuity active by Late Oligocene time, i.e. well before the arrival of the North Anatolian Fault system in the area. The integration of thermochronologic data with preexisting structural data point to the existence of a system of major E-W-trending structural discontinuities active at least from the Late Oligocene. In the Early Pliocene, inception of the present-day North Anatolian Fault system in the Marmara region occurred by reactivation of these older tectonic structures. 


Osmosis Theme Park: piano per la rigenerazione urbana della ex discarica di Küçükçekmece ad Istanbul

Questa tesi di laurea nasce dall’approfondimento del progetto che abbiamo sviluppato nel laboratorio di progettazione architettonica frequentato presso la Middle East Technical University, METU, di Ankara, Turchia, durante l’anno accademico 2011-12. La prima parte del corso, tenuto dai professori S. Özkan e Z. Mennan, consisteva nello studio e analisi critica dei progetti in concorso per il bando “Istanbul Theme Park” e nella riproposizione, da presentare a gruppi, di uno dei masterplan studiati, con le modifiche ritenute necessarie a fronte delle considerazioni fatte e di nuove idee progettuali. Lo step successivo è stato quello di approfondire individualmente la progettazione architettonica di un area di almeno 100.000 mq in scala 1:500 e di un edificio in dettaglio 1:200. Date le tempistiche molto ridotte del corso, che si completava in tredici settimane, abbiamo scelto di continuare il lavoro e approfondire, con l’aiuto della prof.ssa V. Orioli e dell’arch. E. Brighi, l’elaborazione del masterplan arrivando ad una definizione maggiore di tutta l’area e non solamente delle aree di interesse approfondite durante la permanenza in Turchia. Il progetto presentato è quindi il frutto di un anno di lavoro sulla riqualificazione di un area di 150 ettari precedentemente adibita a discarica, situata nella parte occidentale di Istanbul. L’obiettivo che abbiamo perseguito è stato quello di ricreare nella periferia della metropoli turca uno stralcio di città con caratteri più “europei”, comprendendo in un solo grande ambito di progetto tutte le funzioni necessarie alla vita di un quartiere cittadino ma anche le grandi strutture attrattive richieste dal concorso. Durante il nostro percorso abbiamo cercato anche di non perdere di vista il contesto in cui lavoravamo e le abitudini della società turca con cui ci andavamo a confrontare. Nonostante la forte occidentalizzazione delle zone ricche delle grandi città come Istanbul, Ankara e Izmir, gli stili di vita europeo e turco sono fondamentalmente differenti e progettare una città, o uno stralcio di essa, per un popolo diverso necessita la conoscenza dei suoi valori fondamentali e delle abitudini che ne scandiscono le giornate.