Biological detoxification of different hemicellulosic hydrolysates using Issatchenkia occidentalis CCTCC M 206097 yeast

This work had as its main objective to contribute to the development of a biological detoxification of hemicellulose hydrolysates obtained from different biomass plants using Issatchenkia occidentalis CCTCC M 206097 yeast. Tests with hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse in different concentrations were carried out to evaluate the influence of the hydrolysate concentration on the inhibitory compounds removal from the sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, without reduction of sugar concentration. The highest reduction values of inhibitors concentration and less sugar losses were observed when the fivefold concentrated hydrolysate was treated by the evaluated yeast. In these experiments it was found that the high sugar concentrations favored lower sugar consumption by the yeast. The highest concentration reduction of syringaldehyde (66.67%), ferulic acid (73.33%), furfural (62%), and 5-HMF (85%) was observed when the concentrated hydrolysate was detoxified by using this yeast strain after 24 h of experimentation. The results obtained in this work showed the potential of the yeast Issatchenkia occidentalis CCTCC M 206097 as detoxification agent of hemicellulosic hydrolysate of different biomass plants.

Novel Isolates for Biological Detoxification of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate

In this paper, two new strians, Issatchenkia occidentalis (Lj-3, CCTCC M 2006097) and Issatchenkia orienalis (S-7, CCTCC M 2006098), isolated from different environments on solid media, were used in the detoxification process of the hemicellulosic hydrolysate of sugarcane bagasse. High-pressure liquid chromatography elution curve of UV-absorption compounds represented by acetic acid, furfural, and guaiacol (toxic compounds found in the hemicellulosic hydrolysate) showed that several chromatographic peaks were evidently diminished for the case of detoxified hydrolysate with isolate strains compared to the high peaks resulted for no detoxified hydrolysate. It was clear that these inhibitors were degraded by the two new isolates during their cultivation process. Fermentation results for the biodetoxified hydrolysate showed an increase in xylitol productivity (Q (p)) by 1.97 and 1.95 times (2.03 and 2.01 g l(-1) h(-1)) and in xylitol yield (Y (p)) by 1.72 and 1.65 times (0.93 and 0.89 g xylitol per gram xylose) for hydrolysate treated with S-7 and Lj-3, respectively, in comparison with no detoxified hydrolysate (1.03 g l(-1) h(-1) and 0.54 g xylitol per gram xylose). This present work demonstrated the importance of Issatchenkia yeast in providing an effective biological detoxification approach to remove inhibitors and improve hydrolysate fermentability, leading to a high xylitol productivity and yield.

Yeast diversity isolated from grape musts during spontaneous fermentation from a brazilian winery

Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species from a winery located in Brazil were identified by ribosomal gene-sequencing analysis. A total of 130 yeast strains were isolated from grape surfaces and musts during alcoholic fermentation from Isabel, Bordeaux, and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties. Samples were submitted to PCR-RFLP analysis and genomic sequencing. Thirteen species were identified: Candida quercitrusa, Candida stellata, Cryptococcus flavescens, Cryptococcus laurentii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Issatchenkia occidentalis, Issatchenkia orientalis, Issatchenkia terricola, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia guilliermondii, Pichia sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Sporidiobolus pararoseus. A sequential substitution of species during the different stages of fermentation, with a dominance of non-Saccharomyces yeasts at the beginning, and a successive replacement of species by S. cerevisiae strains at the final steps were observed. This is the first report about the yeast distribution present throughout the alcoholic fermentation in a Brazilian winery, providing supportive information for future studies on their contribution to wine quality. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Seleção de leveduras isoladas de uvas e mostos com atividade enzimáticas para melhoramento de vinhos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Anticoagulant and fibrinogenolytic properties of the venom of Polybia occidentalis social wasp

Previous studies have shown that venoms of social wasps and bees exhibit strong anticoagulant activity. The present study describes the anticoagulant and fibrinogen-degrading pharmacological properties of the venom of Polybia occidentalis social wasp. The results demonstrated that this venom presented anticoagulant effect, inhibiting the coagulation at different steps of the clotting pathway (intrinsic, extrinsic and common pathway). The venom inhibited platelet aggregation and degraded plasma fibrinogen, possibly containing metal-dependent metalloproteases that specifically cleave the B beta-chain of fibrinogen. In conclusion, fibrinogenolytic and anticoagulant properties of this wasp venom find a potential application in drug development for the treatment of thrombotic disorders. For that, further studies should be carried out in order to identify and isolate the active compounds responsible for these effects. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 21: 653-659 (c) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Intoxication by Senna occidentalis seeds in pregnant goats: Prenatal and postnatal evaluation

Senna occidentalis is a weed toxic to different animal species. Very little is known about the effects of prolonged exposure to low doses of S. occidentalis on developmental toxicology. Thus, the present study proposes an approach to evaluate the perinatal toxicity of S. occidentalis seeds in goats. Twenty-one pregnant goats were fed rations containing 0% (control), 1% (Sol group), 2% (So2 group) and 4% (So4 group) mature S. occidentalis seeds from pregnancy detection on day 27 after mating until parturition; weight gains and serum biochemistry were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated using ultrasonographic measurements; neonates were evaluated by body morphometry, weight gains, and serum biochemistry. Fetal resorption occurred in 2 So4 dams and one dam died. Only a few minor alterations in serum biochemistry occurred in dams and kids; even so one So4 group dam had tissue lesions as vacuolations in hepatocytes and kidneys; necrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles and for the first time lesions were observed in sciatic nerve cells. No relevant alterations in body morphometry were observed. This study suggests that 4% S. occidentalis seeds is toxic for pregnant goats, but levels of seeds less than 4% have little impact on fetal and post birth body development. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Distribuição de Biomphalaria tenagophila e B. occidentalis no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil)

São apresentadas as áreas colonizadas por Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) e B. occidentalis Paraense, 1981 no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil), destacando que a primeira espécie de planorbídeo é um importante hospedeiro intermediário de Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907. Foi apresentada a distribuição geográfica de B. occidentalis pelo fato de esta espécie ter sido, até recentemente, confundida com B. tenagophila. Os dois planorbídeos habitam ambientes límnicos de extensas áreas do território paulista e foram identificados entre 3.160 lotes de bionfalárias coletados de setembro de 1981 a março de 1986, em todos os municípios do Estado. B. tenagophila foi diagnosticada em 1.602 lotes procedentes de 203 municípios e B. occidentalis em 255 de 97 municípios. São comentadas as circunstâncias biogeográficas relacionadas com a distribuição das espécies.

Contribuição ao estudo da biologia de Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981 e de Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835), em condições de laboratório

Com o objetivo de comparar a duração do período embrionário, a fecundidade e a fertilidade de Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981 com a de B, tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835), exemplares de ambas as espécies foram criados em aquários dotados das mesmas características. Os ovos depostos pelos caramujos foram contados sob lupa binocular e seu desenvolvimento embrionário foi observado até a eclosão. Assim foi obtido o número total de posturas e de ovos por caramujo, bem como o número total de ovos eclodidos por postura para cada período de trinta dias, ou seja, a taxa de eclosão por período. O experimento teve a duração de doze meses e os resultados obtidos são válidos para condições de laboratório.

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.1 1898-1900

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.2 1900-01

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.3 1902-03

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.4 1903-11

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.5 1904-08

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.6 1909-10

Symbolae Antillanae,seu, Fundamenta florae Indiae Occidentalis /editi Ignatius Urban.

v.7 1911-13