¿Reemplazo demográfico en el Neolítico europeo? El punto de vista de la Genética

[ES] El trabajo realiza una aproximación a la situación actual de los estudios de ADN antiguo humano en Europa, recopilando los datos de los individuos analizados hasta 2013 (n=700), a modo de síntesis interpretativa continental y regional de los territorios para los cuales se han obtenido resultados significativos (Centroeuropa, Cornisa Cantábrica, Mediterráneo occidental, Escandinavia-Báltico-Rusia y Alpes orientales). Las hipótesis se expresan en términos de continuidad o discontinuidad genética entre los grupos humanos habitantes de un territorio, centradas en la problemática de la neolitización, en una horquilla cronocultural del Paleolítico superior a la Edad del Bronce. Los resultados se resumen en (1) una preponderancia del clado mitocondrial U para muestras preneolíticas; (2) la posibilidad de una intrusión démica en una fase inicial de la neolitización centroeuropea -tipo N1a, con pérdida posterior de ese haplogrupo mitocondrial-; (3) la evidencia del proceso neolitizador como heterogéneo y con diferente impacto a escala regional; (4) una estabilización del acervo genético europeo actual como resultado de eventos postneolíticos; y (5) las posibilidades analíticas de la genética aplicada a las poblaciones antiguas como un instrumento de gran interés, observándose la necesidad de realizar más analíticas con recorrido diacrónico.

Aportes para la formulación de una propuesta de interés desde la gimnasia síntesis

Reconstruir la historia de la gimnasia aunque más no sea desde un breve resumen nos permite pensarla como una "síntesis" significativa de algunos de los hechos corporales del hombre. Ante el peligro que corre la gimnasia de banalizarse como un objeto de consumo que responda a la moda o a las "necesidades del mercado" y se olvide del rol de "transmisores" de esa cultura corporal que merece ser conocida, resulta necesario llegar a un concepto que universalice en una sola propuesta gran parte de las escuelas y corrientes del pasado con otras que empiezan a ser. Esto supone alejarse de las tendencias que estereotipan los movimientos desde un único enfoque y comenzar desde una gimnasia entendida como una síntesis de la propia historia corporal del hombre, que sabiendo respetar los propios intereses y necesidades de los alumnos les permita establecer una relación adecuada con sus propios cuerpos. Quedan propuestas que en el armado de este trabajo no han sido mencionadas ni clasificadas pero que merecen ser consideradas toda vez que nos permitamos pensar la gimnasia como en un espacio en donde queda todo por crear y descubrir

Aportes para la formulación de una propuesta de interés desde la gimnasia síntesis

Reconstruir la historia de la gimnasia aunque más no sea desde un breve resumen nos permite pensarla como una "síntesis" significativa de algunos de los hechos corporales del hombre. Ante el peligro que corre la gimnasia de banalizarse como un objeto de consumo que responda a la moda o a las "necesidades del mercado" y se olvide del rol de "transmisores" de esa cultura corporal que merece ser conocida, resulta necesario llegar a un concepto que universalice en una sola propuesta gran parte de las escuelas y corrientes del pasado con otras que empiezan a ser. Esto supone alejarse de las tendencias que estereotipan los movimientos desde un único enfoque y comenzar desde una gimnasia entendida como una síntesis de la propia historia corporal del hombre, que sabiendo respetar los propios intereses y necesidades de los alumnos les permita establecer una relación adecuada con sus propios cuerpos. Quedan propuestas que en el armado de este trabajo no han sido mencionadas ni clasificadas pero que merecen ser consideradas toda vez que nos permitamos pensar la gimnasia como en un espacio en donde queda todo por crear y descubrir

Aportes para la formulación de una propuesta de interés desde la gimnasia síntesis

Reconstruir la historia de la gimnasia aunque más no sea desde un breve resumen nos permite pensarla como una "síntesis" significativa de algunos de los hechos corporales del hombre. Ante el peligro que corre la gimnasia de banalizarse como un objeto de consumo que responda a la moda o a las "necesidades del mercado" y se olvide del rol de "transmisores" de esa cultura corporal que merece ser conocida, resulta necesario llegar a un concepto que universalice en una sola propuesta gran parte de las escuelas y corrientes del pasado con otras que empiezan a ser. Esto supone alejarse de las tendencias que estereotipan los movimientos desde un único enfoque y comenzar desde una gimnasia entendida como una síntesis de la propia historia corporal del hombre, que sabiendo respetar los propios intereses y necesidades de los alumnos les permita establecer una relación adecuada con sus propios cuerpos. Quedan propuestas que en el armado de este trabajo no han sido mencionadas ni clasificadas pero que merecen ser consideradas toda vez que nos permitamos pensar la gimnasia como en un espacio en donde queda todo por crear y descubrir

Perceptions and experiences of the implementation, management, use and optimisation of electronic prescribing systems in hospital settings:protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) or computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that their implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, qualitative approaches have been particularly useful and their interpretative synthesis could make an important and timely contribution to the field. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on ePrescribing/CPOE in hospital settings, with or without clinical decision support. Methods and analysis: Data sources will include the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, The Cochrane Library (CDSR, DARE and CENTRAL databases), Nursing and Allied Health Sources, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts via ProQuest and SCOPUS. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature: Healthcare Management Information Consortium, Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Web of Science) and Sociological abstracts. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers. Qualitative studies, either standalone or in the context of mixed-methods designs, reporting the perspectives of any actors involved in the implementation, management and use of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospital-based care settings will be included. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 reviewers using a piloted form. Quality appraisal will be based on criteria from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Studies will not be excluded based on quality assessment. A postsynthesis sensitivity analysis will be undertaken. Data analysis will follow the thematic synthesis method. Ethics and dissemination: The study does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.

Spirituality and Basketball Fanship: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and Synthesis

The world of competitive sport affords an individual the opportunity to enter a spiritual community adding meaning that transcends one’s current understanding of life (Parry et al. 2007). Previously established dimensions of sports fanship (group affiliation, psychological commitment and team identification) share characteristics commonly associated with religious or spiritual affiliation indicating that fans may generate substantial life meaning from observing sporting encounters. In the present study, 12 male basketball fans (M=32.42; SD=7.97) completed semi-structured interviews immediately prior to viewing a competitive match at the 2011 European Basketball Championships (Vilnius, Lithuania). Interviews were structured under four headings; 1) the most memorable moment as a basketball fan, 2) thoughts, feelings and emotions attached to their team, 3) affiliation to the team in the context of the fan’s meaning of life, 4) connection with members of the fan’s sporting community. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to analyse interview transcripts. Raw data clustered into four dimensions; 1) devotion, 2) obscure emotions, 3) connectedness, and 4) universal values. The results indicate that sports fanship is characterised by, and synonymous with, an established understanding of spirituality derived from membership of wider spiritual and/or religious communities. The findings hold implications for the marketing and membership of local, amateur and professional sports clubs and brands, as well as community development, health and welfare.

ENDOCRINE INTERACTION BETWEEN ZINC AND PROLACTIN - AN INTERPRETATIVE REVIEW

Zinc plays a very important role in animal and human metabolism. Nowadays, it is one of the most extensively studied trace element, since its sphere of action has been demonstrated to be very broad. From the biochemical standpoint, it controls more than 300 different enzymes, many of them involved with intermediary metabolism, DNA and RNA synthesis, gene expression, and immunocompetence. It also plays a significant role in hormonal homeostasis, since it can interact with almost all hormones. Zn2+ is closely related to the thyroid and steroid hormones, insulin, parathormone, and pituitary hormones, particularly prolactin (PRL). Zn2+ can inhibit PRL secretion within a range of physiologically and pharmacologically relevant concentrations. This property has raised the possibility of clinical applications of zinc. In this article, we review the Literature on the subject in an attempt to provide a comprehensible general view.

Enhancing delivery of health behaviour change interventions in primary care: a meta-synthesis of views and experiences of primary care nurses

Objective To systematically find and synthesise qualitative studies that elicited views and experiences of nurses involved in the delivery of health behaviour change (HBC) interventions in primary care, with a focus on how this can inform enhanced delivery and adherence to a structured approach for HBC interventions. Methods Systematic search of five electronic databases and additional strategies to maximise identification of studies, appraisal of studies and use of meta-synthesis to develop an inductive and interpretative form of knowledge synthesis. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Synthesis resulted in the development of four inter-linking themes; (a) actively engaging nurses in the process of delivering HBC interventions, (b) clarifying roles and responsibilities of those involved, (c) engaging practice colleagues, (d) communication of aims and potential outcomes of the intervention. Conclusion The synthesis of qualitative evidence resulted in the development of a conceptual framework that remained true to the findings of primary studies. This framework describes factors that should be actively promoted to enhance delivery of and adherence to HBC interventions by nurses working in primary care. Practice implications The findings can be used to inform strategies for researchers, policymakers and healthcare providers to enhance fidelity and support delivery of HBC interventions.

A new low temperature synthesis route of fraipontite (Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)4

A low temperature synthesis method based on the decomposition of urea at 90°C in water has been developed to synthesise fraipontite. This material is characterised by a basal reflection 001 at 7.44 Å. The trioctahedral nature of the fraipontite is shown by the presence of a 06l band around 1.54 Å, while a minor band around 1.51 Å indicates some cation ordering between Zn and Al resulting in Al-rich areas with a more dioctahedral nature. TEM and IR indicate that no separate kaolinite phase is present. An increase in the Al content however, did result in the formation of some SiO2 in the form of quartz. Minor impurities of carbonate salts were observed during the synthesis caused by to the formation of CO32- during the decomposition of urea.

Synthesis and characterization of K2Ca5(SO4)6· H2O, the equivalent of görgeyite, a rare evaporite mineral

Görgeyite, K2Ca5(SO4)6··H2O, is a very rare monoclinic double salt found in evaporites related to the slightly more common mineral syngenite. At 1 atmosphere with increasing external temperature from 25 to 150 °C, the following succession of minerals was formed: first gypsum and K2O, followed at 100 °C by görgeyite. Changes in concentration at 150 °C due to evaporation resulted in the formation of syngenite and finally arcanite. Under hydrothermal conditions, the succession is syngenite at 50 °C, followed by görgyeite at 100 and 150 °C. Increasing the synthesis time at 100 °C and 1 atmosphere showed that initially gypsum was formed, later being replaced by görgeyite. Finally görgeyite was replaced by syngenite, indicating that görgeyite is a metastable phase under these conditions. Under hydrothermal conditions, syngenite plus a small amount of gypsum was formed, after two days being replaced by görgeyite. No further changes were observed with increasing time. Pure görgeyite showed elongated crystals approximately 500 to 1000 µ m in length. The infrared and Raman spectra are mainly showing the vibrational modes of the sulfate groups and the crystal water (structural water). Water is characterized by OH-stretching modes at 3526 and 3577 cm–1 , OH-bending modes at 1615 and 1647 cm–1 , and an OH-libration mode at 876 cm–1 . The sulfate 1 mode is weak in the infrared but showed strong bands at 1005 and 1013 cm–1 in the Raman spectrum. The 2 mode also showed strong bands in the Raman spectrum at 433, 440, 457, and 480 cm–1 . The 3 mode is characterized by a complex set of bands in both infrared and Raman spectra around 1150 cm–1 , whereas 4 is found at 650 cm–1.

Synthesis of profluorescent isoindoline nitroxides via palladium-catalysed Heck alkenylation

The synthesis of a new structural class of isoindoline nitroxides (aminoxyls), accessible via the palladium-catalysed Heck reaction, is presented. Reaction of the aryl bromoamine, 5-bromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline (4) or dibromoamine, 5,6-dibromo-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline (5) or the analogous bromonitroxides 6 and 7 with methyl acrylate gives the acrylate substituted tetramethylisoindoline amines 8 and 10 and nitroxides 12 and 14. Similarly, the reaction of the aryl bromides and dibromides 4–7 with methyl 4-vinylbenzoate gives the carboxystyryl substituted tetramethylisoindoline amines 9 and 11 and the analogous nitroxides 13 and 15. The carboxystyryl tetramethylisoindoline nitroxides demonstrate strongly suppressed fluorescence, which is revealed upon removal of the free radical by reduction or radical coupling.