Summary appraisal of technical information situation in Latin America in relation to possible international networks

Includes bibliography

Medical Practice and International Networks. A Swiss National Foundation Funded project based ath the University of Bern

Project presentation

INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOR OH. Experiences of international networks for collaborative education and research using the One Health approach.

The Authors describe first-hand experiences carried out within the framework of selected International projects aimed at developing collaborative research and education using the One Health (OH) approach. Special emphasis is given to SAPUVETNET, a series of projects co-financed under the EU-ALFA program, and aimed to support an International network on Veterinary Public Health (VPH) formed by Veterinary Faculties from Latin-America (LA) and Europe (EU). SAPUVETNET has envisaged a series of objectives/activities aimed at promoting and enhancing VPH research/training and intersectoral collaboration across LA and EU using the OH approach, as well as participating in research and/or education projects/networks under the OH umbrella, namely EURNEGVEC-European Network for Neglected Vectors & Vector-Borne Infections, CYSTINET-European Network on Taeniosis/Cysticercosis, and NEOH-Network for Evaluation of One Health; the latter includes expertise in multiple disciplines (e.g. ecology, economics, human and animal health, epidemiology, social and environmental sciences, etc.) and has the primary purpose of enabling quantitative evaluation of OH initiatives by developing a standardized evaluation protocol. The Authors give also an account of the ongoing creation of OHIN-OH International Network, founded as a spin-off result of SAPUVETNET. Finally, some examples of cooperation development projects characterised by an OH approach are also briefly mentioned.

Kaupungin ja maaseudun vuorovaikutus alueellisessa kehittämispolitiikassa

In Finland, European Union membership and economic globalisation have changed the position of regions from closed territorial systems to nodes of open international networks. The increasing complexity of cities as globalised knowledge centres and functionally specialised and diversified rural areas, and on the other hand growing disparities between prosperous urban cores and lagging peripheral areas are also essential features in contemporary regional development. These trends have produced new needs to promote mutual dialogue between cities and the countryside in western market economies. Urban-rural interaction is an idea which was developed in the late 1990s within regional policy to pull together these new challenges to regional development and handle cities and the countryside as a whole. The aim of my study is to conceptualise the idea of urban-rural interaction, explain the phenomenon theoretically, clarify past and present urban and rural development and analyse regional policies from the interaction angle. The ultimate purpose is to illustrate the existence and nature of particular interaction policy in a globalising society. The general method is discourse analysis, which I use in three cases: Central Finland, South-Ostrobothnia and South-West Finland. Theoretically I have a two-dimensional approach. On the first hand I use World-System theory to explain how the global economy is moulding urban and rural structures at the regional level. On the other hand I use regime theory to explain local political actions and practises between cities and the countryside under the overlapping pressures deriving from reformulated regional structures and policies.

Adaptation to globalisation in Finland has been carried out by strengthening urban centres. The stress in regional policy has been in urban development. The development of the countryside has mostly been implemented by a separate rural policy. At the end of the 1990s and early 2000s Finnish cities have actually shown themselves to be competitive in global markets. The drawbacks of the new growth centre policy have been the sparse network of prosperous cities and their weak spreading effects, which have hindered comprehensive regional development. Tensions between urban and rural areas have also deepened. In this situation the interaction policy is used as a way of balancing development and moderate conflicts within the regions. From this point of view urban-rural interaction can be seen as a way of tackling the challenges of globalisation.

On the other hand the results emphasise that actors involved in regional development still believe, although the hegemonic discourse is on urban policy, that there are opportunities to stimulate progress in the countryside as well. In the situation where regional authorities control development resources, rural development can be successful only if rural actors manage to establish fruitful relationships with their urban partners. This is also the weakness of the programme-based regional policy. If rural municipalities or other actors are for any reason incapable of building development regimes with cities, the offers of interaction policy will be useless.

The problem of the interaction policy is that the focus and methods of it have so far been rather underdeveloped. In order to improve the efficiency of the interaction policy, further research should concentrate on the social processes which define the position of cities and the countryside as partners of interaction, and practises which promote or prohibit the possibilities of developing the interaction policy. The efforts to define different contents of urban-rural interaction or promote interaction projects should not have such an important role in the future as they have had so far. Instead, the focus of interaction policy should be on questions such as how to manage the political tensions between town and country and how to create a positive atmosphere for regional policy where the needs of urban and rural development are promoted equally.

La participación en redes internacionales de gobiernos locales como una estrategia de internacionalización de los gobiernos locales. La experiencia de Barcelona en el periodo 2006-2009

Las Redes Internacionales se han destacado entre la boîte-à-outils para la acción exterior de los gobiernos locales, en tanto que son herramientas para la cooperación y el intercambio de experiencias, información y prácticas, a la vez que permiten a los entes locales insertarse en el escenario internacional y tienen el potencial de articular su voz común ante los Estados y las Organizaciones Internacionales que éstos constituyen. La motivación de esta monografía es analizar la contribución de las redes al proceso de internacionalización de las entidades subnacionales; concretamente el caso de Barcelona, ciudad cuya experiencia en ese ámbito es destacable.

Glocalización: Nuevos Enfoques Teóricos Sobre el Desarrollo Regional (Sub Nacional) en el Contexto de la Integración Económica y de la Globalización

El autor aborda en este artículo cuestiones atinentes al espacio, la geografía y la organización del territorio a partir del tema del desarrollo. Para fundamentar su tesis según la cual varios de los factores que impulsan la globalización tienen una base territorial, como el comercio internacional de bienes y servicios, el cambio tecnológico o los flujos internacionales, apela a las categorías del desarrollo social y las sitúa en dos dimensiones. En una primera instancia, el autor toma en cuenta la lógica intranacional de despliegue de los factores políticos, ambientales y comerciales; en un segundo momento destaca el papel de las regiones y las localidades en la reconstrucción del sistema económico mundial para concluir que en un contexto todavía incierto se destaca la configuración de regiones megapolitanas que funcionan como motores regionales en la nueva economía global.---The author handles this article with questions that regard space,geography and territorial organisation based on the topic of development. To support his thesis that refers to the way in which various factors that give an impulse to globalisation have a territorial base, such as the international commerce of goods and services, technological change or international networks, the author utilises social development categories and places them in two dimensions. Initially, the author takes into account the international logic of the development of commercial, environment and political factors. Secondly, he emphasizes the role of regions and localities in the reconstruction of the global economic system to conclude that in a present uncertain context it is worth pointing out the configuration of megapolitanregions that function as regional motors in a new global economy.

Tendencias de las publicaciones colombianas en revistas indexadas internacionales (1966-2002)

Este artículo presenta un análisis cuantitativo de los artículos científicos producidos en el Sistema Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología colombiano, y que han sido publicados en revistas inexadas entre 1966 y 2002. Se examinan el volumen, la distribución y la visibilidad internacional de la producción científica nacional publicada en diferentes áreas temáticas de las ciencias. Igualmente, se hace un ejercicio exploratorio sobre las redes de coautorías nacionales e internacionales que se han formado entre 1966 y 2002. Aunque los resultados son de carácter preliminar, constituyen un primer cuadro descriptivo de la actividad científica nacional en términs de producción de textos científicos. Al final, se señalan algunas recomendaciones para el diseño de un sistema global de medición permanente de la actividad científica dentro del Sistema Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnología colombiano.

Transnacionalização das relações de trabalho: o caso da maquila estadunidense Johnson Controls (plantas FINSA e interiores) e o papel da Federação Internacional de Trabalhadores das Indústrias Metalúrgicas (FITIM)

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

Is production the core competence for the internationalization of emerging country firms?

The rise of new multinationals in countries like Brazil provides an opportunity to revisit and carefully construct theories of how firms internationalize, a topic on which extant theory is weak. Brazilian firms are "infant multinationals", unlike developed country firms that are "mature multinationals". They are also internationalizing in a very different global context, and can do so on the basis of different competitive advantages than multinationals that came before. Therefore, this study aims at creating subsidies for theory building about early-stage internationalization. Emerging country firms have Production competences as main competitive asset to internationalize, what reflects their competitive positioning in home markets and their entry strategy in international markets. In the case of early-entrants - Western multinationals in the 1950s and Japanese in the 1980s - the Production competence played a key role for successful internationalization. Thus, the focus of the study is the role that the Production competence plays in the internationalization of late-entrants, the emerging country multinationals. The research design considers not only the position of the headquarters but also the initiatives of the subsidiaries and the dynamic interplay between both. The paper allows a better understanding of internationalization processes and the role of Production, when firms start building their own international networks. It brings relevant insights about the paths that are being followed by emerging country multinationals, the difficulties they find, the solutions they develop. These are important inputs not only for new theory building but also for managerial practice. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Role of Small and Medium-sized Centers for Territorial Development in Switzerland

This paper describes the role of small and medium-sized urban centers in Switzerland. Switzerland is a highly urbanized country where small and medium-sized urban centers play an important role in ensuring a balanced national urban system. Besides the four largest metropolitan regions （Zurich, Geneva, Basel and Bern）, small and medium-sized towns function as central places for a wider, often extensive hinterland. They provide opportunities for living and working and they connect rural and mountain regions to national and international networks. Using secondary statistics and a case study, the paper shows that small and medium-sized urban centers are home to significant concentrations of export-oriented industries. Firms in these value-adding secondary sectors are rooted in these places and benefit from strong local embeddedness while also being oriented towards global markets. Small and medium-sized urban centers also profit from their strong local identities. While these places face various challenges, they function as important pillars in creating a balanced regional development pattern. Swiss regional development policy follows the goal of polycentric spatial development and it employs various instruments that aim to ensure a balanced urban system.

"Sino el espanto" : Temas, prácticas y alianzas de los anticomunismos de derecha en Argentina entre 1955 y 1966

Este artículo se concentra en la vida política de algunas organizaciones anticomunistas de derecha en Argentina entre 1955 y 1966: se intenta poner de manifiesto la pluralidad de tradiciones anticomunistas presentes en el país, así como algunas de las diferentes vinculaciones internacionales de las que participaban. A partir de la consulta a fuentes periodísticas, oficiales y de la inteligencia policial, se reunió información para reconstruir las posturas ideológicas, las lecturas sobre los problemas sociales y culturales argentinos y algunas de las actividades políticas lideradas (o acompañadas) por diversos actores anticomunistas. Este período se caracteriza por una súbita coronación del anticomunismo en los discursos políticos, al punto de desplazar o subsumir una preocupación sobre el peronismo, originariamente más relevante. El anticomunismo terminó convirtiéndose en una pieza clave en la articulación entre las distintas familias de derecha.

Centralización de la represión, violencia paraestatal y redes internacionales represivas en la Mendoza predictatorial

Durante el tercer gobierno peronista (1973-1976) comenzó a montarse el dispositivo represivo que marcó los prolegómenos del Terrorismo de Estado llevado adelante por la dictadura militar de 1976. En Mendoza, la violencia paraestatal fue llevada a cabo por el CAM (Comando Anticomunista Mendoza), y el Comando Moralizador Pío XII. En este trabajo nos proponemos realizar a partir del uso de fuentes escritas y del testimonio de algunos/as sobrevivientes, una reconstrucción del accionar paraestatal, en vistas a analizar, por un lado, cómo se constituyeron en la dinámica local, las redes de relaciones implicadas en la práctica represiva y la inflexión que implicó noviembre de 1975 en la centralización de la represión; y por otro lado, cómo se manifestó el carácter internacional de la represión y la idea de aniquilación del "enemigo interno" en Mendoza, partiendo de la hipótesis de que la misma adquirió proporciones inusitadas debido a su carácter de provincia de frontera y su cercanía con Chile, en un momento de articulación de redes represivas en el Cono Sur.

Sino el espanto : Temas, prácticas y alianzas de los anticomunismos de derecha en Argentina entre 1955 y 1966

Este artículo se concentra en la vida política de algunas organizaciones anticomunistas de derecha en Argentina entre 1955 y 1966: se intenta poner de manifiesto la pluralidad de tradiciones anticomunistas presentes en el país, así como algunas de las diferentes vinculaciones internacionales de las que participaban. A partir de la consulta a fuentes periodísticas, oficiales y de la inteligencia policial, se reunió información para reconstruir las posturas ideológicas, las lecturas sobre los problemas sociales y culturales argentinos y algunas de las actividades políticas lideradas (o acompañadas) por diversos actores anticomunistas. Este período se caracteriza por una súbita coronación del anticomunismo en los discursos políticos, al punto de desplazar o subsumir una preocupación sobre el peronismo, originariamente más relevante. El anticomunismo terminó convirtiéndose en una pieza clave en la articulación entre las distintas familias de derecha.