POPIN: a catalyst for a better international exchange of population information

Analiza las actividades del POPIN, cuyo objetivo es ayudar al establecimiento de nuevos servicios de información y coordinar el intercambio entre los existentes, compatibilizando las tareas para mejorar el flujo de información sobre población y la utilización de las fuentes disponibles. Incluye las recomendaciones de la Cuarta Reunión del POPIN realizada en Beijing entre el 22 y el 25 de octubre de 1986; y una lista descriptiva de sus publicaciones.

Pax economica, freedom of international exchange the sole method for the permanent and universal abolition of war,

Mode of access: Internet.

Foreign exchange reserves in India and China

Professor Irma Glicman Adelman, an Irish Economist working in California University at Berkely, in her research work on ‘Development Over Two Centuries’, which is published in the Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1995, has identified that India, along with China, would be one of the largest economies in this 21st Century. She has stated that the period 1700 - 1820 is the period of Netherlands, the period 1820 - 1890 is the period of England the period 1890 - 2000 is the period of America and this 21st Century is the century of China and India. World Bank has also identified India as one of the leading players of this century after China. India will be third largest economy after USA and China. India will challenge the Global Economic Order in the next 15 years. India will overtake Italian economy in 2015, England economy in 2020, Japan economy in 2025 and USA economy in 2050 (China will overtake Japan economy in 2016 and USA economy in 2027). India has the following advantages compared with other economies. India is 4th largest GDP in the world in terms of Purchasing Power. India is third fastest growing economy in the world after China and Vietnam. Service sector contributes around 57% of GDP. The share of agriculture is around 17% and Manufacture is 16% in 2005 - 2006. This is a character of a developed country. Expected GDP growth rate is 10% shortly (It has come down from 9.2% in 2006 - 2007 to 6.2% during 2008 - 2009 due to recession. It is only a temporary phenomenon). India has $284 billion as Foreign Exchange Reserve as on today. India had just $1 billion as Foreign Exchange Reserve when it opened its economy in the year 1991. In this research paper an attempt has been made to study the two booming economies of the globe with respect to their foreign exchange reserves. This study mainly based on secondary data published by respective governments and various studies done on this area

Post global financial crisis international business strategies

International business strategies are affected by economic conditions, although the resource-based view would suggest that company resources are a more significant factor. This paper identifies differences in the international strategy behaviours of companies located in countries which, as a result of the GFC, entered either a deep recession, a shallow recession or no recession at all. Empirical evidence is provided for companies with home country markets with each of these conditions. The ability of international strategy theories to explain these behaviours is considered. Based on observations of international businesses with home country markets in each of these categories, it is suggested that determinants of international strategy during financial crises (and immediately after) are influenced by the strength of the home country market, foreign market government protectionist behaviour, international exchange rate variations and local levels of rivalry.

Sharing Narratives Online: An international, self-organising curriculum in rural health

The aim of the Rural Medicine Rotation (RMR) at the University of Queensland (UQ) is to give all third year medical students exposure to and an understanding of, clinical practice in Australian rural or remote locations. A difficulty in achieving this is the relatively short period of student clinical placements, in only one or two rural or remote locations. A web-based Clinical Discussion Board (CDB) has been introduced to address this problem by allowing students at various rural sites to discuss their rural experiences and clinical issues with each other. The rationale is to encourage an understanding of the breadth and depth of rural medicine through peer-based learning. Students are required to submit a minimum of four contributions over the course of their six week rural placement. Analysis of student usage patterns shows that the majority of students exceeded the minimum submission criteria indicating motivation rather than compulsion to contribute to the CDB. There is clear evidence that contributing or responding to the CDB develops studentâ??s critical thinking skills by giving and receiving assistance from peers, challenging attitudes and beliefs and stimulating reflective thought. This is particularly evident in regard to issues involving ethics or clinical uncertainty, subject areas that are not in the medical undergraduate curriculum, yet are integral to real-world medical practice. The CDB has proved to be a successful way to understand the concerns and interests of third year medical students immersed in their RMR and also in demonstrating how technology can help address the challenge of supporting students across large geographical areas. We have recently broadened this approach by including students from the Rural Program at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. This important international exchange of ideas and approaches to learning is expected to broaden clinical training content and improve understanding of rural issues.

Searching for the Holy Grail of International Education: Feedback from Hospitality Management Study Abroad Participants

This article reports on a study done among hospitality management students who participated in study abroad programs between January 2001 and May 2003. The participants in the study were both incoming students to the US and outgoing students from the US. The study investigates, among other things, why they had decided to study abroad, why they had selected a particular institution, how their home institution compared to the partner institution abroad, and what they perceived to be the benefits and relevance of their international experiences. It was found that respondents were generally very positive about the study abroad experience. Some interesting differences of opinion were found when the perceptions of the incoming students were compared to those of the outgoing students. The results of this study may be of particular interest to hospitality management administrators and faculty who create and administer international exchange programs.

International student exchanges and entrepreneurial capabilities: insights from colombian students studying in France

It seems globalization has challenge different types of fields around the world. Cultures, politics, economies and even education are day by day challenged due to the open of boundaries, therefore countries, institution and people need to develop new activities in order to gain a competitive advantages over others, that’s why entrepreneurship comes to the discussion as an opportunity and a possible solution to situation, but what triggers it? Can it be influenced through different programs and can it be teach changing university curriculums? Well, as boundaries are falling even in educational institutions, this study aims to explain if there’s any effect on students’ entrepreneurial capabilities after being part of international exchange programs. It will be done through the collection of primary data from Colombian students studying in France and if this program influenced their skills as entrepreneurs.

Hóspedes do Profeta sem Morada: estudo sobre modos de subjetivação da migração, a partir das experiências de estudantes de pós-graduação participantes de programas de intercâmbio internacional

Este trabalho problematiza a experiência migratória do estudante de pós-graduação participante de programas de intercâmbio internacional, entendendo que este é um trabalhador cognitivo que sofre a extração de sua força de trabalho segundo os mesmos padrões sofridos pelos demais trabalhadores, regulado pela universidade que tem sido atravessada por uma lógica administrativa repleta de imperativos de normatizações, padrões de eficiência e modelos bem-sucedidos. A partir da articulação entre a Análise Institucional, Filosofia da Diferença e Autonomia das Migrações, discute analisadores que atravessam a formação, como o efeito lattes, que incita o produtivismo; a tara contemporânea que nos impele a um estado permanente de formação; o aumento de programas de intercâmbio internacional, que tornam-se mais uma griffe em busca do status de excelência, e o processo de êxodo de cérebros, caracterizado pela migração de trabalhadores qualificados que não encontram, em suas cidades ou países, oportunidades para canalizar sua qualificação. Estes processos são analisadores de uma política que incita o processo de circulação, e também a delimita e a esquadrinha, como pode ser percebido pelas experiências dos sete estudantes que compuseram as travessias em estudo, cujos vestígios deixados pelos fragmentos das histórias/ modos de funcionamento encarnaram os personagens conceituais, conforme Deleuze. As experiências de intercâmbio internacional exprimem o mais alto grau da exigência do atual modo de subjetivação acadêmico por sua característica de se dar como longa imersão e em país estranho capaz de graves efeitos positivos e negativos em sua subjetivação, denotando que o paradoxo e o sofrimento são constitutivos da migração e da formação.

Concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights: Some implications for developing countries

This paper explores concentration levels in the ownership of intellectual property rights over plant varieties worldwide. An analysis of data for 30 UPOV member-countries shows a high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights for six major crops at the national level in the developed world. Much of this concentration has arisen owing to the rapid consolidation of the seed industry through mergers and acquisitions, especially in the 1990s. A high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights, in combination with recent efforts to strengthen plant variety protection regimes, is likely to have significant effects on the prospects for future innovation in plant breeding and the distribution of market power between companies. For developing countries, concentration in intellectual property right ownership may have important implications for the structure of domestic seed industries and access to protected varieties and associated plant breeding technologies. These implications for developing countries are likely to become apparent in the context of the rapid spread of plant variety protection and access legislation, emerging changes in the international exchange regime for plant material and liberalised investment policies permitting foreign investment in the seeds sector.

Concentration in ownership of plant variety rights: some implications for developing countries

This paper explores concentration levels in the ownership of intellectual property rights over plant varieties worldwide. An analysis of data for 30 UPOV member-countries shows a high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights for six major crops at the national level in the developed world. Much of this concentration has arisen owing to the rapid consolidation of the seed industry through mergers and acquisitions, especially in the 1990s. A high degree of concentration in the ownership of plant variety rights, in combination with recent efforts to strengthen plant variety protection regimes, is likely to have significant effects on the prospects for future innovation in plant breeding and the distribution of market power between companies. For developing countries, concentration in intellectual property right ownership may have important implications for the structure of domestic seed industries and access to protected varieties and associated plant breeding technologies. These implications for developing countries are likely to become apparent in the context of the rapid spread of plant variety protection and access legislation, emerging changes in the international exchange regime for plant material and liberalised investment policies permitting foreign investment in the seeds sector. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Transmission of cocoa swollen shoot virus by seeds

A study was undertaken to determine whether cocoa swollen shoot virus is transmitted by seeds, to improve the robustness of quarantine procedures for international exchange and long term conservation of cocoa germplasm. PCR/capillary electrophoresis, using cocoa swollen shoot virus primers designed from the most conserved regions of the six published cocoa genome sequences, allowed the detection of cocoa swollen shoot virus in all the component parts of cocoa seeds from cocoa swollen shoot virus-infected trees. PCR/capillary electrophoresis revealed the presence of cocoa swollen shoot virus in seedlings raised from seeds obtained from cocoa swollen shoot virus-infected trees. The high frequency with which the virus was transmitted through the seedlings suggested that cocoa swollen shoot virus is transmitted by seeds. This has serious implications for cocoa germplasm conservation and distribution. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Back to the margins in search of the core: "Foreign Land"'s geography of exclusion

The crisis of the national project in the early 1990s, caused by a short-lived but disastrous government, led Brazilian art cinema, for the first time, to look at itself as periphery and re-approach the old colonial center, Portugal. Terra estrangeira/Foreign Land (Walter Salles & Daniela Thomas, Brazil/Portugal, 1995), a film about Brazilian exiles in Portugal, is the best illustration of this perspective shift which provides a new sense of Brazil’s scale and position within a global context. Shot mainly on location in São Paulo, Lisbon and Cape Verde, it promotes the encounter of Lusophone peoples who find a common ground in their marginal situation. Rather than as a former empire, Portugal is defined by its situation at the edge of Europe and by beliefs such as Sebastianism, whose origins go back to the time when the country was dominated by Spain. As a result, notions of “core” or “center” are devolved to the realm of myth. The film’s carefully crafted dialogue combines Brazilian, Portuguese and Creole linguistic peculiarities into a common dialect of exclusion, while language puns trigger visual rhymes which refer back to the Cinema Novo (the Brazilian New Wave) repertoire and restage the imaginary of the discovery turned into unfulfilled utopia. The main characters also acquire historical resonances, as they are depicted as descendants of Iberian conquistadors turned into smugglers of precious stones in the present. Their activities define a circuit of international exchange which resonates with that of globalized cinema, a realm in which Foreign Land, made up of citations and homage to other cinemas, tries to retrieve a sense of belonging.