991 resultados para Institutos de pesquisa


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This dissertation adds new evidences and explanations to two distinct streams of debate. The first one refers to the globalisation (or dissemination) of technological innovative capabilities in the context of newly industrialised economies. The second one refers to common generalisations about the deterioration of the innovative capabilities in Latin American countries after 1990. This study was motivated by a lack of empirical studies focused on the relationship between the globalisation of innovative capabilities and sources to build them up in emerging organisations, especially R&D institutes. This dissertation is focused on the globalisation of innovative capabilities at the information and communication technology industry in Brazil. The globalisation of innovative capabilities is measured by the technological capabilities types and levels of 18 national R&D institutes related to this industry. Besides, this dissertation examines sources to build up innovative capabilities in the sampled institutes, namely: their intra-organisational learning processes and the linkages established with firms and the technological infra-structure. The study is based on first-hand empirical evidences, collected by different data-gathering sources in an extensive fieldwork. The data were examined with analytical frameworks, organised in the light of the theoretical basis of the study. The study has found the dissemination of innovative capabilities has been occurring in the Brazilian ICT industry with the involvement of the technological infra-structure with innovative activities. Besides that, the variety of the intra-organisational learning processes and the types of linkages established with technological infra-structure and firms have been influencing the development of innovative capabilities. The evidences that emerge from this study contradict common generalizations and arguments about the inexistence of innovative activities and about the technological infra-structure weakness in emerging or newly industrialized economies.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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As atividades dos Institutos de Pesquisa são a Pesquisa, o Desenvolvimento e a Inovação (PD&I), onde as tecnologias, produtos e serviços, constituem-se no produto final a ser disponibilizado à sociedade. No setor florestal, isto é bem marcante nos Institutos de Pesquisa Mistos que, ao contrário dos Institutos Públicos de Pesquisa, tem suas atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento direcionadas prioritariamente a solução de problemas imediatos dos sistemas de produção de madeira e o aumento da produtividade dos povoamentos florestais, para o atendimento das empresas associadas. Com o objetivo de identificar as possíveis diferenças nos modelos de geração, difusão e transferência de tecnologia dos IPPs e IPMs e qual o modelo atualmente em uso por esses institutos é que o presente estudo foi idealizado e implementado. Com o apoio de uma survey em uma fase inicial, foi construído um estudo de casos envolvendo os institutos de pesquisas florestais mais demandados pelos clientes/usuários dos IPPs e IPMs e realizada uma análise comparativa entre IPPs e IPMs, atuando na região Sul. A survey foi utilizada para viabilizar conhecer os clientes/usuários dos IPPs e IPMs. Em uma segunda fase, a principal da pesquisa, com a utilização da metodologia de estudo de casos, apoiada nos resultados da survey, foram coletados dados junto aos IPPs e IPMs para o conhecimento do processo de geração, difusão e transferência de tecnologia desses institutos e, dessa forma, conhecer os diferentes modelos de transferência de tecnologia, atualmente em uso pelos IPPs e IPMs. Foram considerados no estudo as questões pertinentes, levando em conta as características percebidas com a inovação, a existência ou não de ações colaborativas para a realização de PD&I, a sustentabilidade ambiental das pesquisas e a influência e ação dos stakeholders e do Sistema Nacional de Inovação neste processo. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram a existência de uma postura mais competitiva que colaborativa, tanto entre os usuários das pesquisas como no relacionamento entre os próprios institutos de pesquisa. Outro resultado interessante foi à identificação, na opinião desses usuários de um grau de satisfação maior em relação aos IPPs que aos IPMs, fato que surpreende pela própria característica da relação entre os IPMs e seus associados. A análise conjunta do Sistema Nacional de Inovação permitiu concluir que, instituição importante desse sistema tem atuado mais de uma forma limitadora que facilitadora das ações dos IPPs e IPMs, principalmente nos aspectos regulatórios e fiscalizadores da atividade florestal, em detrimento de ações estimuladoras em prol do desenvolvimento econômico, social e do agronegócio florestal da região Sul, resultados que também levam a concluir a influência do SNI no direcionamento do modelo de pesquisa desses institutos mais para um modelo mercadológico que tecnológico.

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Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul.

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The Brazilian agricultural research agency has, over the years, contributed to solve social problems and to promote new knowledge, incorporating new advances and seeking technological independence of the country, through the transfer of knowledge and technology generated. However, the process of transfering of knowledge and technology has represented a big challenge for public institutions. The Embrapa is the largest and main brazilian agricultural research company, with a staff of 9.790 employees, being 2.440 researchers and an annual budget of R$ 2.52 billion. Operates through 46 decentralized research units, and coordinate of the National Agricultural Research System - SNPA. Considering that technology transfer is the consecration of effort and resources spent for the generation of knowledge and the validity of the research, this work aims to conduct an assessment of the performance of Embrapa Swine and Poultry along the production chain of broilers and propose a technology transfer model for this chain, which can be used by the Public Institutions Research – IPPs. This study is justified by the importance of agricultural research for the country, and the importance of the institution addressed. The methodology used was the case study with a qualitative approach, documentary and bibliographic research and interviews with use of semi-structured questionnaires. The survey was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, there was a diagnosis of the Technology Transfer Process (TT), the contribution of the Embrapa Swine and poultry for the supply chain for broiler. At this stage it was used bibliographical and documentary research and semi- structured interviews with agroindustrial broiler agents, researchers at Embrapa Swine and Poultry, professionals of technology transfer, from the Embrapa and Embrapa Swine and Poultry, managers of technology transfer and researchers from the Agricultural Research Service - ARS. In the second step, a model was developed for the technology transferring poultry process of Embrapa. In this phase, there were made documentary and bibliographic research and analysis of information obtained in the interviews. The third phase was to validate the proposed model in the various sectors of the broilers productive chain. The data show that, although the Embrapa Swine and Poultry develops technologies for broiler production chain, the rate of adoption of these technologies by the chain is very low. It was also diagnosed that there is a gap between the institution and the various links of the chain. It was proposed an observatory mechanism to approximate Embrapa Swine and Poultry and the agents of the broiler chain for identifying and discussing research priorities. The proposed model seeks to improve the interaction between the institution and the chain, in order to identify the chain real research demands and the search and the joint development of solutions for these demands. The proposed TT model was approved by a large majority (96.77%) of the interviewed agents who work in the various links in the chain, as well as by representatives (92%) of the entities linked to this chain. The acceptance of the proposed model demonstrates the willingness of the chain to approach Embrapa Swine and Poultry, and to seek joint solutions to existing problems.

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Trata-se do primeiro ensaio de uma trilogia que analisa o processo evolutivo das instituições de pesquisa agropecuária no Brasil, relacionando a dinâmica dessa trajetória com as transformações sociopolíticas e econômicas que, em última instância, a determina. A criação do Jardim Botânico, em 1808, é o primeiro marco institucional de pesquisa agrícola no Brasil. Em 1859, estando o País sob nova égide política, surgem os primeiros institutos de pesquisa agrícola, por decretos do Imperador Pedro I: são os Imperiais Institutos da Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Sergipe e Rio Grande do Sul. Apenas os Institutos Baiano e Fluminense chegaram a funcionar efetivamente. Nesse período, muitos trabalhos foram realizados, destacando-se a introdução e seleção de espécies animais e vegetais, fertilidade do solo, combate a pragas e doenças, multiplicação assexuada de plantas, produção e distribuição de sementes e mudas. O advento da República viria golpear mortalmente esses Institutos, terminando por inviabilizá-los, juntamente com o Ministério da Agricultura, extinto depois de 32 anos de existência.

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Em Cerâmica Marajoara: caminho para compreender a Pré-história da Amazônia, evidencio através de elementos da Coleção Marajoara sob a guarda do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, localizado na cidade de Belém, no Estado do Pará,a importância da divulgação científica como mediadora do conhecimento gerado pelos institutos de pesquisa e a sociedade. Demonstro como o acesso ao saber científico pode despertar e incentivar o reconhecimento da produção material de povos que não conheciam a escrita como parte de um processo de comunicação de suas regras sociais. Promovo ainda o interesse na preservação do patrimônio em estudo como parte constituinte da memória para entendimento da sociedade atual. O trabalho traz ainda o catálogo: Cerâmica Marajoara: a comunicação do silêncio que enfatiza a necessidade de divulgar os objetos contidos em coleções com o propósito de partilhar o conhecimento científico com a sociedade.

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This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

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This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

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Esta monografia estuda a relação entre as cinco forças competitivas, conforme proposto pelo modelo de Michael Porter, tendo como base o caso da Indústria de refrigerantes no Brasil. Este caso está estruturado com base em dados e informações coletadas em pesquisas e trabalhos, artigos, publicações, empresas e institutos de pesquisa. Os dados e elementos sobre esta indústria formam o histórico, a evolução e seus principais marcos. A metodologia utilizada é a análise de casos. Também estão analisado, sob o ponto de vista mercadológico, o comportamento do consumidor, o levantamento de necessidades e posicionamento estratégico. Finalmente, são levantadas perspectivas do futuro desta indústria e as empresas que a compõem. Propõe-se no final, indicação de novos estudos nesta área