"Vem är det som är lik, och vem är det som är olik?" : En studie om mångfald inom en svensk organisation

I Sverige finns idag ingen enhetlig definition av begreppet mångfald. Begreppet är mångfacetterat, men handlar om våra (o)likheter. Inom många organisationer definieras mångfald utifrån diskrimineringslagens sju diskrimineringsgrunder etnisk tillhörighet, funktionshinder, kön, könsöverskridande identitet eller uttryck, religion, sexuell läggning och ålder, medan andra definierar mångfaldsbegreppet enbart utifrån etnicitet och/eller kön. Vi fann det med bakgrund i ovanstående av intresse att genomföra en undersökning om hur anställda inom en organisation ser på mångfald. I vår studie har en fenomenografisk metodologisk ansats använts varpå vi fokuserar på de anställdas olika uppfattningar. Förhoppningen är att bidra till lärande kring, och förståelse för, mångfaldsbegreppet, mångfaldsarbeten samt hur mångfald kan främjas. Ur studien framkom kvalitativt skilda uppfattningar om innebörden av begreppet mångfald då det relaterades till individen, etnicitet, alla människors lika värde samt till kategoriseringar, fördomar och diskriminering. Ur studien framkom vidare olika uppfattningar om det organisatoriska mångfaldsarbetet utifrån verksamhetsperspektiv, påverkansmöjlighet, arbetsfördelning och gruppdynamik, samt gällande organisationens och individens ansvar för främjande av detta arbete. Ur resultatet framkom att organisationer aktivt behöver arbeta med frågan samtidigt som individer bör reflektera över sig själva och varandra för att på så vis utveckla en välkomnade och inkluderande organisationskultur där (o)likheter tillvaratas och värdesätts.

Inkluderande exkludering? : En studie om arbetet i förberedelseklass

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur lärare beskriver och uppfattar sitt arbete i två olika förberedelseklasser, en med en hög andel flerspråkiga elever och en med få flerspråkiga elever. I studien jämförs och analyseras lärarnas beskrivningar av arbetssätt, förberedelseklassens organisation och elevernas skolframgång. För att uppnå syftet har en kvalitativ studie genomförts där fyra lärare har intervjuats. Resultaten som framkom visar att arbetssätten i de båda förberedelseklasserna är snarlika. Samtliga lärare betonar vikten av att utforma arbetet utifrån varje individ och utgå ifrån elevens tidigare kunskaper. I resultatet visade sig den stora skillnaden mellan skolorna vara tillgången på modersmålslärarna och studiehandledarna. Vidare är föreberedelseklasserna organiserade på olika sätt och gruppuppdelningarna ser även olika ut. Resultatet uppvisar att utslussningen från förberedelseklasserna i båda fallen sker efter ungefär ett och ett halvt år. Informanterna berättar om vikten av kartläggning och samarbete med ämnes- och klasslärare. När det gäller elevernas skolframgång visar det sig i denna undersökning att samtliga lärare menar att det är ytterst individuellt hur eleverna klarar sig efter sin tid i förberedelseklassen. Informanterna pekar på att det är olika faktorerar som påverkar elevernas skolframgångar. Vidare pekar resultatet på att i början av sin tid i förberedelseklassen interagerar eleverna främst med varandra, men att eleverna tids nog integreras och blir slutligen en del av den ordinarie klassen. Slutligen visar resultatet att faddersystem är att föredra, men att det oftast är andraspråkselever som blir faddrar till de nyanlända.

Reconfigurable organisation to cope with unpredictable goals

The paper proposes a methodology and design rules for organisational structures facing higher necessity of rapidly reconfigure themselves to cope with unpredictable situations-new markets, new products, changing mix of production, problems in production process or flows etc. It implies changing and often conflictive criteria for production goals and for the allocation of work. The methodology was developed based on a large field action research and consulting. Their basis is the design of auto-reconfigurable working groups-or groups with variable geometry, depending on the events to face. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Redefining functional models of basal ganglia organisation: Role for the posteroventral pallidum in linguistic processing?

Traditionally the basal ganglia have been implicated in motor behavior, as they are involved in both the execution of automatic actions and the modification of ongoing actions in novel contexts. Corresponding to cognition, the role of the basal ganglia has not been defined as explicitly. Relative to linguistic processes, contemporary theories of subcortical participation in language have endorsed a role for the globus pallidus internus (GPi) in the control of lexical-semantic operations. However, attempts to empirically validate these postulates have been largely limited to neuropsychological investigations of verbal fluency abilities subsequent to pallidotomy. We evaluated the impact of bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (BPVP) on language function across a range of general and high-level linguistic abilities, and validated/extended working theories of pallidal participation in language. Comprehensive linguistic profiles were compiled up to 1 month before and 3 months after BPVP in 6 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD). Commensurate linguistic profiles were also gathered over a 3-month period for a nonsurgical control cohort of 16 subjects with PD and a group of 16 non-neurologically impaired controls (NC). Nonparametric between-groups comparisons were conducted and reliable change indices calculated, relative to baseline/3-month follow-up difference scores. Group-wise statistical comparisons between the three groups failed to reveal significant postoperative changes in language performance. Case-by-case data analysis relative to clinically consequential change indices revealed reliable alterations in performance across several language variables as a consequence of BPVP. These findings lend support to models of subcortical participation in language, which promote a role for the GPi in lexical-semantic manipulation mechanisms. Concomitant improvements and decrements in postoperative performance were interpreted within the context of additive and subtractive postlesional effects. Relative to parkinsonian cohorts, clinically reliable versus statistically significant changes on a case by case basis may provide the most accurate method of characterizing the way in which pathophysiologically divergent basal ganglia linguistic circuits respond to BPVP.

The Learning Tourism Destination: The potential of a learning organisation approach for improving the sustainability of tourism destinations

Globalisation, increasing complexity, and the need to address triple-bottom line sustainability has seen the proliferation of Learning Organisations (LO) who, by definition, have the capacity to anticipate environmental changes and economic opportunities and adapt accordingly. Such organisations use system dynamics modelling (SDM) for both strategic planning and the promotion of organisational learning. Although SDM has been applied in the context of tourism destination management for predictive reasons, the current literature does not analyse or recognise how this could be used as a foundation for an LO. This study introduces the concept of the Learning Tourism Destinations (LTD) and discusses, on the basis of a review of 6 case studies, the potential of SDM as a tool for the implementation and enhancement of collective learning processes. The results reveal that SDM is capable of promoting communication between stakeholders and stimulating organisational learning. It is suggested that the LTD approach be further utilised and explored.

Clinical End Points and Response Criteria in Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome: A Consensus Statement of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas, the United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium, and the Cutaneous Lymphoma Task Force of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS), the major forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other types of non-Hodgkin`s lymphomas. Clinical trials in MF/SS have suffered from a lack of standardization in evaluation, staging, assessment, end points, and response criteria. Recently defined criteria for the diagnosis of early MF, guidelines for initial evaluation, and revised staging and classification criteria for MF and SS now offer the potential for uniform staging of patients enrolled in clinical trials for MF/SS. This article presents consensus recommendations for the general conduct of clinical trials of patients with MF/SS as well as methods for standardized assessment of potential disease manifestations in skin, lymph nodes, blood, and visceral organs, and definition of end points and response criteria. These guidelines should facilitate collaboration among investigators and collation of data from sponsor-generated or investigator-initiated clinical trials involving patients with MF or SS. J Clin Oncol 29:2598-2607. (C) 2011 by American Society of Clinical Oncology

The Provisional Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation/American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism disease activity core set for the evaluation of response to therapy in juvenile dermatomyositis: A prospective validation study

Objective. To validate a core set of outcome measures for the evaluation of response to treatment in patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (DM). Methods. In 2001, a preliminary consensus-derived core set for evaluating response to therapy in juvenile DM was established. In the present study, the core set was validated through an evidence-based, large-scale data collection that led to the enrollment of 294 patients from 36 countries. Consecutive patients with active disease were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. The validation procedures included assessment of feasibility, responsiveness, discriminant and construct ability, concordce in the evaluation of response to therapy between physicians and parents, redundancy, internal consistency, and ability to predict a therapeutic response. Results. The following clinical measures were found to be feasible, and to have good construct validity, discriminative ability, and internal consistency; furthermore, they were not redundant, proved responsive to clinically important changes in disease activity, and were associated strongly with treatment outcome and thus were included in the final core set: 1) physician`s global assessment of disease activity, 2) muscle strength, 3) global disease activity measure, 4) parent`s global assessment of patient`s well-being, 5) functional ability, and 6) health-related quality of life. Conclusion. The members of the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, with the endorsement of the American College of Rheumatology and the European Leauge Against Rheumatism, propose a core set of criteria for the evaluation of response of therapy that is scientifically and clinically relevant and statistically validated. The core set will help standardize the conduct and reporting of clinical trials and assist practitioners in deciding whether a child with juvenile DM has responded adequately to therapy.