993 resultados para Inglês Instrumental


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O Inglês para Fins Específicos é a abordagem de ensino que ancora o trabalho feito no instituto federal no qual trabalho. Ele tem como premissa básica o ensino focado em uma análise de necessidades, ou seja, tudo o que é ensinado/aprendido está em alinhamento com o que os aprendizes necessitam em seu ambiente acadêmico e profissional. Por causa de mitos e dogmas enraizados ao longo das décadas, porém, a abordagem transformou-se exclusivamente no ensino de leitura e originou distorções na proposta original. O estudo parte da pergunta de pesquisa: O que o aluno participante desta pesquisa vê como prioridade em sua aprendizagem de inglês na escola? Outras perguntas surgiram após conversar com os dados coletados: Por que os alunos participantes querem um ensino e a escola propicia outro?; O que falta na sala de aula para amenizar essa lacuna entre o desejo dos alunos-participantes e a oferta da escola?; e, O que nós, professores, podemos fazer em relação às propostas pedagógicas para preencher esse espaço, à luz dos dados coletados e da revisão de literatura? Investigo então o posionamento de 65 aprendizes do 3 ano do ensino médio da escola na qual trabalho, através de questionários e entrevista nos moldes de um grupo focal com 5 participantes, sobre o que eles veem como prioridade na aprendizagem de inglês na escola e reflito sobre práticas pedagógicas que poderiam atender às necessidades apontadas pelos participantes. Dentro do espírito (in)disciplinar da Linguística Aplicada e dentro de um paradigma qualitativo, a análise das respostas pautou-se na recorrência de temas nas respostas às perguntas do questionário e participação no grupo focal. Temas que recorreram com frequência alta formaram categorias que serviram de base para a discussão. Selecionei duas perguntas do questionário para a análise: a pergunta (9) como você espera que seja o ensino de inglês no Ensino Médio? e a (10) quais habilidades vocês gostariam de desenvolver?, por sua relação direta com o objetivo da pesquisa. A categoria que emergiu das menções mais recorrentes nos proferimentos dos alunos foi comunicação oral, em um total de 62 menções. Outras oito categorias emergiram do corpus. Considerei frequência alta, e por isso categórica, a quantidade de 17 menções. A partir desses resultados, defendo neste trabalho que a voz do aluno (que grita urgência ao aprendizado da comunicação oral) seja ouvida nesse processo, e que uma nova pedagogia pós-metodológica seja implantada no ensino-aprendizagem de línguas no ensino médio e técnico

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This present work has as objective to analyze the interpretation of the syntactic and semantic meaning performed by third graders in the nominal groups (NGs) with attributive adjectives in the English language in a text of the final exam in the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) discipline. The corpus is made up of 30 exams of two classes from a third grade institution of the biomedical area, corresponding to the basic and advanced levels of the second term in 2006. The text has 24 NGs of different lexical content, a total of 27 NGs in the whole text summing up to 810 analyzed occurrences. The analysis is carried out at the morphologic, syntactic and semantic levels using as theoretical background the traditional and functional grammars (QUIRK et al, 1985; CELSE-MURCIA et al, 1998; TUCKER, 1998), in their semantic aspects, the Semantics (FRAWLEY, 1992) and the Cognitive Linguistics (TAYLOR, 2002). We concluded that the main difficulties were due to the lack of vocabulary and to the use of mother tongue strategies instead of using the top-down strategies for reading a text in English to compensate this gap. We also observed that even when the vocabulary was known, there were difficulties in establishing the semantic and syntactic relations between modifier and noun head. We suggested improvements for the teaching of reading English texts at the third grade grounded in the obtained results such as a more comprehensive study of the several different morphologic and syntactic structures of the NGs with premodifiers and their semantic consequences, an approach of the morphologic, syntactic and semantic aspects of the NGs and the use of both top-down and bottom-up strategies when reading a NG in the English language

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This study presents the results of a survey conducted in the area of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in order to identify (1) the learning needs of students in a course in Tourism, their desires and lacks, at a federal university, with respect to use of English; (2) the needs of the present situation of teachers and the coordinator of that course as to the language; (3) the needs of the target situation of professionals (graduates) and companies with respect to this language. This research is a case study (STAKE, 1998; YIN, 2009) and was used for data collection, instruments such as questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and document on the Tourism Course. To this end, it was adopted the theoretical basis for the constructs of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) Inglês para Fins Específicos (IFE) in Brazil, also known as Inglês Instrumental, whose foundation is based on the work by Hutchinson and Waters (1987), Robinson (1991), Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), Celani, Deyes, Holmes, Scott (2006), among others, since this work is devoted to a specific area, Tourism. Results show that students opined the ability to prioritize reading and speaking into the classroom. Professionals reported that the latter is an indispensable tool for entering the labor market, yet they feel unprepared and need to attend English language courses in private language schools. The testimony of company executives also point to this deficiency. Finally, the present situation of teachers reveals that, while advocating the use of English in the classroom, this is not because students prefer their mother tongue. There is also an evident lack of needs analysis. Eventually, the coordinator said that there is some uncertainty as to the methodology, content and language skills worked, and the lack of interaction among teachers of English. It was concluded, therefore, it is important to conduct a needs analysis so that one can redesign a course that meets the different contextual needs: students, teachers, coordination, represented by the institutional needs, and the labor market

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This research has as its theoretical and methodological assumptions (1) the Narrative Inquiry (CLANDININ; CONNELLY, 2011), (2) the Systemic Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1985, 1994; THOMPSON, 2002; EGGINS, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004) and (3) the English for Specific Purposes Approach (ESP - HUTCHINSON; WATERS, 1987; CELANI, 2005; RAMOS, 2005), and its overall objective is to survey the meanings construed by the participants who are ESP practitioners and have not received a specific education to teach this approach at their undergraduation. The field texts and therefore the analises were divided into two distinct groups: the first with data generated from a questionnaire applied to nine professors from a federal university in the northeast of Brazil, which contains open and closed questions about their training and their experiences in teaching ESP; the second group, focusing this time on the experiences of three professors from the first group who were still teaching ESP, with data generated from interviews with these participants in addition to the data generated from their autobiographies and from the researcher´s as well. The computational tool WordSmith Tools 6.0 (SCOTT, 2012) was used to select, organize, and quantify data to be analyzed in the first group of texts, identifying the types of Processes and Participants through the Transitivity System (HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). The Processes which were more used by the professors in the questionnaire were the Material, followed by the Relational and then the Mental ones, indicating that most professors reported their actions related to the teaching of ESP, rated or evaluated the approach, their training to teach it and their experiences, hence, rarely showing their thoughts and emotions about teaching ESP. Most of the nine professors say they carry out needs analysis, but not all do it according to the authors cited by them or the ones that are considered a reference in this area, such as the ones used in this research as reference. Similarly, their definitions and conceptions of ESP, in most cases, differed from these authors. All the professors claim not having had specific education to teach ESP at the undergraduation. When examining the stories of the four teachers, in the second group of the field texts, based on meaning composition according to Ely, Vinz, Downing and Anzul (2001), it was revealed that the kind of knowledge they report using when they teach ESP is related to their Personal Practical Knowledge and their Professional Knowledge (ELBAZ, 1983; CLANDININ, 1988). In their autobiographies, metaphors were also identified and they represent their concepts of teaching and being a teacher. Through this research, we hope to contribute to the understanding of what teaching ESP might mean for professors in the researched context and also to the continuing education of ESP practitioners, as well as to a review of the curricula in the English language undergraduate courses and of the role of ESP in the training of these professionals

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Pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação - FFC

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Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo refletir sobre o ensino instrumental da leitura em inglês, através da utilização de componentes visuais para auxiliar leitores na construção do significado. Com pressupostos teóricos baseados principalmente em Swales (1990); Soares (1993); Bronckart (1999); Joly (2002); Santaella (1983, 2000); Magno e Silva (2002, 2004); e Field (2004), efetuamos um estudo descritivo das características semiótico-discursivas presentes em manuais de instalação de softwares com enfoque nos recursos visuais. Além disso, coletamos dados e descrevemos os procedimentos pedagógicos observados em uma turma de Inglês Instrumental do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Redes de Computadores, da Faculdade de Tecnologia da Amazônia (FAZ), em Belém. Nossa pesquisa-ação objetivou também investigar em que medida os componentes visuais podem influenciar o leitor nas suas escolhas de leitura; de que forma os componentes visuais podem ser utilizados em atividades de pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura para conduzir o leitor à compreensão do sentido do texto; e qual a importância dos componentes visuais na leitura de manuais de instalação de softwares. Os resultados da análise foram sucessivamente alterando a coleta seqüencial dos dados e mostraram que os componentes visuais são excelentes ferramentas que, quando bem utilizadas e associadas às palavras, podem incentivar e simplificar o processamento da leitura, especialmente num contexto em que os participantes não possuem pleno domínio lingüístico na língua-alvo.

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Este texto aborda os primeiros passos para conscientizar o leitor sobre o processo de leitura em qualquer que seja o idioma. Voltado para o público acadêmico, a proposta do material é proporcionar ao estudante uma visão ampla sobre como se dá o processo de leitura. Além disso, são abordadas crenças comuns que as pessoas possuem sobre a leitura com o objetivo de se avaliar se são falsas ou verdadeiras, uma vez que as crenças influenciam o modo como se compreende um assunto.

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This work aims to understand the teaching of English at the Federal Institute of considering the recommendations of official and technical documents for the integrated secondary school and the perspective of the English teachers settled in one of the campuses of the Institute. It is also an objective of this research to infer as to what extent the perspective of teachers is articulated to the documental recommendations. For this purpose, several official and technical documents (LÜDKE; ANDRÉ, 1986), such as the PCNEMs (BRAZIL, 2000), the OCNEMs (BRAZIL, 2006) and the Political-Pedagogical Project of the Institute (IFRN, in press) were gathered, and a questionnaire was submitted to six teachers of English from one of the campuses of the institution. The theoretical references of the research include, among others, Bakhtin (1997; 1999), Widdowson (1991), Almeida Filho (2011; 2004), Celani (1988; 2009), Hutchinson and Waters (1987) and Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998). The results show that the teaching of English according to the documents predicts the instrumental use of the foreign language, but suggests the development of competences and skills as contextualized social practices, aimed at the education of the student as a professional-citizen. The perspective of teachers, in turn, points to a concern that the teaching of English serves as a tool for improving student life through the instrumental use of language as a means of accessing information and professional training. This finding reveals that the articulation between the documental recommendations and perspective of teachers does not go beyond what refers to the instrumental language teaching, since teachers do not show, when reporting their practices, the teaching of language as social practice, as mentioned in the legal texts

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Señalar el papel que desempeña la Lengua inglesa en España y el contexto social y educativo en el que debe insertarse la enseñanza del Inglés. Conocer la actitud de los estudiantes hacia el aprendizaje del Inglés, uso que esperan hacer de esa lengua, aspectos de la enseñanza que no les satisfacen. En la parte empírica se usa una muestra de 100 alumnos de varios institutos españoles: Luis de Góngora de Cordoba, Menéndez y Pelayo de Barcelona, Eusebio Guarda y Agra de Organ de la Coruña y Joaquín Turina de Madrid. En la primera parte se realiza un estudio de la enseñanza del inglés dentro del Sistema Educativo español. En la segunda parte se analiza la información obtenida a partir de un cuestionario con el que se miden las siguientes variables. Motivación hacia el aprendizaje del Inglés general, integrativa e instrumental, uso que los estudiantes esperan hacer de este idioma, comunicación verbal, escrita, redacción de artículos, lecturas de libros, etc., insatisfacción de los alumnos con sus cursos de Inglés, áreas que interesaría a los alumnos incluir en la clase de Inglés. En la última parte de esta investigación se diseña un programa de trabajo en el área de la Lengua inglesa. Estadísticas y documentos legales del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Cuestionario adaptado del Illinois Oreign Language Attitude Tests, incluido en la obra de L. A. Jakobovits: Foreign Language Learning, este cuestionario consta de 35 ítems de respuesta cerrada. Aparte del análisis teórico de los documentos y bibliografía existentes sobre el tema, en la parte empírica se utilizan frecuencias y porcentajes para describir las respuestas de los alumnos a los diferentes items del cuestionario. Para el 87 por ciento de los estudiantes la importancia del inglés en el mundo actual es una razón fundamental para estudiarlo. El 71 por ciento afirma que le gustaría visitar países de habla inglesa y que ese es un motivo fundamental para estudiar inglés. La comprensión del inglés hablado y la conversación son aspectos fundamentales para un 92 por ciento. El 70 por ciento no está satisfecho con las oportunidades que tiene de practicar el inglés fuera de clase. Los temas que los alumnos proponen para conversar en la clase de inglés son: juventud en Gran Bretaña, cine, política inglesa, educación. Este trabajo aporta además de los resultados señalados una programación para un año de trabajo en COU, diseñada con la información obtenida a través del cuestionario. Una parte de esta programación está basada en el 'Situacional Sillabus'.

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La ansiedad situacional específica ante el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. Población de adultos y jóvenes adultos que estudian inglés como lengua meramente instrumental. Alumnos de segundo curso de la Escuela Oficial de Idiomas. Incluye el corpus de investigación desarrollado en la Universidad de Tejas en Austin sobre la temática abordada. Variables utilizadas: dependiente, independiente, moderadora, de control y extraña. Análisis correlacionales; test tipo t emparejado; test t doble; análisis de varianza. El grupo cuasi-experimental siguió una metodología de aprendizaje más comunicativa que la adoptada por el grupo de control. Esta relación significativa no se produjo en el grupo de control. La afirmación que se desprende del procedimiento estadístico utilizado, no permite afirmar que el tratamiento puesto en práctica en el grupo experimental sea responsable directo de tal relación significativa. Sin embargo, parece muy razonable conocer cierto grado de verosimilitud a la hipótesis de que, en cierta medida, la diferente metodología haya tenido alguna influencia en esta disminución significativa de los niveles medios de ansiedad específica ante el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras. El control de variables extrañas y la ausencia de diferencias significativas en las variables de control edad, años de estudio de la lengua inglesa, horas de estudio semanales, números de años repetidos y autopercepción de éxito en el aprendizaje del inglés son las claves para reforzar lo dicho anteriormente. Incluye una adaptación al español de la escala F.L.C.A.S. y un análisis de varianza que demuestra que los estudiantes con niveles altos de ansiedad específica ante el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras obtienen, de manera sistemática, peores puntuaciones en las pruebas de nivel utilizadase. Un grupo que ha puesto en práctica actividades de aprendizaje con un potencial comunicativo alto, lejos de aumentar su nivel medio de ansiedad específica, consigue disminuirlo de una forma estadísticamente significativa. No sucede lo mismo con el grupo que utilizó actividades comunicativas con un potencial menor. Los resultados obtenidos por los grupos control y experimental refuerza el sentido direccional ya que es donde se observa una reducción drástica de los niveles de F.L.A. en el grupo experimental, mientras que en el grupo de control el descenso de estos niveles es mínimo. La intención última es contribuir a la clarificación de la realidad existente entre este constructo y cierto tipo de metodología. En definitiva, la ansiedad ante el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera es una de las variables afectivas de los estudiantes de idiomas. Explora la relación existente entre el nivel de L2 y la ansiedad ante el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras.

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El objetivo principal es estudiar y analizar la forma, la estructura, la función y el significado transmitidos por la entonación no nativa en el discurso oral. En segundo lugar, basándose en análisis acústicos y estadísticos, se pretende determinar si las diferencias y dificultades prosódicas detectadas en la expresión de aprendices españoles de lengua inglesa afectan sólo a la percepción de acento extranjero; o bien, si estas diferencias afectan de modo significativo también a la estructura y organización de la información y al significado pragmático-discursivo de los mensajes que transmiten. El corpus analizado está compuesto por 40 conversaciones entre 10 hablantes no nativos con características análogas en cuanto a edad (entre 19 y 22 años), lengua materna (castellano), región de origen (Madrid), y sin otro idioma extranjero excepto la lengua inglesa, con un nivel medio-alto en su competencia lingüística inglesa; y 10 hablantes nativos, estudiantes ingleses del convenio Sócrates-Erasmus en la Universidad Autónoma con edades y contextos sociales similares. La recogida de datos consistió en la grabación analógica y digitalmente de 10 aprendices españoles de inglés para un posterior tratamiento acústico e instrumental que complementase el análisis auditivo y la interpretación fonética, fonológica y lingüístico. El estudio es longitudinal: las grabaciones de los 10 aprendices de españoles de lengua inglesa tuvieron lugar dos veces cada año durante los tres años que duran sus estudios universitarios. Utilizando las mismas herramientas se graba una sola vez a los 10 hablantes nativos. Una vez que se obtienen los datos orales, se procede a su clasificación y comparación dentro y entre grupo de aprendices y grupo de hablantes nativos, de forma global tanto auditiva como instrumentalmente. Esta investigación pretende establecer la relación y efectos de las variables independientes (los dos grupos de hablantes y las funciones del habla analizadas) y las variables dependientes (la entonación y el tiempo). Las herramientas utilizadas para el análisis acústico y estadístico son las siguientes: modelo de anotación prosódica (incluye los siguientes niveles: señal acústica, nivel de anotación del sistema de tonicidad y del sistema de tonalidad, nivel de anotación fonético-acústico, nivel de anotación fonológico, nivel de duración o anotación temporal y transcripción tipográfica); análisis acústico a través del programa de análisis de lenguaje Speech Analizer 1.5; y análisis estadístico utilizando el programa estadístico para ciencias sociales SPSS 1.0. Los patrones de entonación usados por los aprendices españoles y nativos de lengua inglesa difieren significativamente en la expresión de distintas funciones de discurso y en las metafunciones interpersonal y textual. La diferencia afecta a los tres sistemas jerárquicos de entonación: tonalidad, tonicidad y tono. Como consecuencia, ambos grupos de hablantes transmiten significados distintos en su discurso oral. Los resultados constatan que la entonación no sólo afecta nuestra impresión de acento extranjero o no nativo, hecho éste que en el mundo globalizado actual no tendría la mayor importancia. Por el contrario, se ha demostrado que los distintos patrones de entonación usados por los aprendices de lengua inglesa para expresar las diferentes funciones de habla conllevan importantes consecuencias en la estructura, organización y el estatus de la información y, por tanto, en el mensaje que se transmite durante la interacción lingüística.

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Networks form a key part of the infrastructure of contemporary governance arrangements and, as such, are likely to continue for some time. Networks can take many forms and be formed for many reasons. Some networks have been explicitly designed to generate a collective response to an issue; some arise from a top down perspective through mandate or coercion; while others rely more heavily on interpersonal relations and doing the right thing. In this paper, these three different perspectives are referred to as the “3I”s: Instrumental, Institutional or Interpersonal. It is proposed that these underlying motivations will affect the process dynamics within the different types of networks in different ways and therefore influence the type of outcomes achieved. This proposition is tested through a number of case studies. An understanding of these differences will lead to more effective design, management and clearer expectations of what can be achieved through networks.

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The value of soil evidence in the forensic discipline is well known. However, it would be advantageous if an in-situ method was available that could record responses from tyre or shoe impressions in ground soil at the crime scene. The development of optical fibres and emerging portable NIR instruments has unveiled a potential methodology which could permit such a proposal. The NIR spectral region contains rich chemical information in the form of overtone and combination bands of the fundamental infrared absorptions and low-energy electronic transitions. This region has in the past, been perceived as being too complex for interpretation and consequently was scarcely utilized. The application of NIR in the forensic discipline is virtually non-existent creating a vacancy for research in this area. NIR spectroscopy has great potential in the forensic discipline as it is simple, nondestructive and capable of rapidly providing information relating to chemical composition. The objective of this study is to investigate the ability of NIR spectroscopy combined with Chemometrics to discriminate between individual soils. A further objective is to apply the NIR process to a simulated forensic scenario where soil transfer occurs. NIR spectra were recorded from twenty-seven soils sampled from the Logan region in South-East Queensland, Australia. A series of three high quartz soils were mixed with three different kaolinites in varying ratios and NIR spectra collected. Spectra were also collected from six soils as the temperature of the soils was ramped from room temperature up to 6000C. Finally, a forensic scenario was simulated where the transferral of ground soil to shoe soles was investigated. Chemometrics methods such as the commonly known Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the less well known fuzzy clustering (FC) and ranking by means of multicriteria decision making (MCDM) methodology were employed to interpret the spectral results. All soils were characterised using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffractometry. Results were promising revealing NIR combined with Chemometrics is capable of discriminating between the various soils. Peak assignments were established by comparing the spectra of known minerals with the spectra collected from the soil samples. The temperature dependent NIR analysis confirmed the assignments of the absorptions due to adsorbed and molecular bound water. The relative intensities of the identified NIR absorptions reflected the quantitative XRD and ICP characterisation results. PCA and FC analysis of the raw soils in the initial NIR investigation revealed that the soils were primarily distinguished on the basis of their relative quartz and kaolinte contents, and to a lesser extent on the horizon from which they originated. Furthermore, PCA could distinguish between the three kaolinites used in the study, suggesting that the NIR spectral region was sensitive enough to contain information describing variation within kaolinite itself. The forensic scenario simulation PCA successfully discriminated between the ‘Backyard Soil’ and ‘Melcann® Sand’, as well as the two sampling methods employed. Further PCA exploration revealed that it was possible to distinguish between the various shoes used in the simulation. In addition, it was possible to establish association between specific sampling sites on the shoe with the corresponding site remaining in the impression. The forensic application revealed some limitations of the process relating to moisture content and homogeneity of the soil. These limitations can both be overcome by simple sampling practices and maintaining the original integrity of the soil. The results from the forensic scenario simulation proved that the concept shows great promise in the forensic discipline.