Estudo das Perceções dos profissionais I-D sobre a qualidade da Informação e o seu impacto no desempenho dos serviços

O estudo da perceção dos Profissionais I-D sobre a qualidade da informação no desempenho das suas funções insere-se numa estratégia de investigação emergente em Portugal de gestão baseada em evidências, em que se pretende estudar e debater a problemática da qualidade da informação na formação dos futuros Profissionais da Informação. O universo estudado é o grupo de licenciados em Ciências da Informação e da Documentação pela Universidade Aberta que colaborou por meio da realização de um questionário através do Google Drive. É objetivo deste trabalho determinar a importância das dimensões da qualidade de informação em vários e heterogéneos domínios, nomeadamente; na tomada de decisão, na gestão da informação e no impacto no desempenho, seja em contexto privado ou laboral. As dimensões consideradas relevantes pelos respondentes foram as seguintes: qualidade da informação, quantidade de informação, acessibilidade, disponibilidade, usabilidade, compreensão, relevância, formato, concisão, impacto individual, aprendizagem, eficácia na decisão, impacto organizacional, tempo de resposta, objetividade e credibilidade da informação. Existe uma perceção generalizada na amostra estudada para que a qualidade da informação seja associada às características de fiabilidade, organização, concisão, facilidade de obtenção, pertinência, rapidez e segurança. Com efeito, é relevante e de indesmentível importância discutir no contexto académico o valor da informação por meio da avaliação dos seus atributos de qualidade, a fim de se dinamizarem novos indicadores e desempenhos que apontem para a efetividade das informações que são disponibilizadas em múltiplas situações informacionais.

Bibliotecas, arquivos e museus como centros de referência na dimensão cultural das comunidades

With the evolution of the organizations theory, new management practices have transformed the institutions. The improvement of these management practices in cultural unities (UCs) is constant, and interacts in the international axis, since each unity increasingly communicate with other. As a reflection of organizational administrative practices, UCs had developed and assumed the organizational theories to make easy a framework for effective management practices. Comprehending the importance of the studies on UCs requires both a new approach of existing public politics for this field, and the recognition of the Information Science knowledge on area. In this way, it was planned to develop a model constituting a tool for managers in these institutions through the experience of laboratory works carried out with researchers from the European community. Libraries and museums are institutions that operate in the social process of their communities and the archives establish their structural spaces in parallel with the political, economic and social environments of the communities, translate the society and its organic sphere of informational performance. The information transposes a cyclical and essential role for the arrangement of the effective and necessary record to the organizational process and the institutional growth. Studies of this nature contribute to value a economy based on knowledge, and its production emphasizes the human capital that permeates the condition of the information in support for the development of communities and the growth of the organizational environment in political, social and cultural spheres.

Measuring Knowledge Management: A Strategic Approach to Library Information Services

In the study of theoretical trends in Administration, the management of information follows the development of theories of Administration; constant-adaptations are suffered. Information Science area understands and concerns itself with the changes wrought in these endeavour of the knowledge society as new forms of communication and integration. The libraries interact in ways that maximize access to information and facilitate the improvement on their structural environment as strategic approach for your services. The research aims at identifying the requirements and specifications of an information system for knowledge management in the public’s library environment and proposes to achieve a pre-defined structure for the implementation of administration management. The research is conducted with public’s library of the metropolitan region of the North’s Portugal. Portugal libraries are institutions that operate in the social process of their communities reflecting the society and its organic sphere of informational performance. These libraries have developed the organizational theories to make a framework easily for effective management practices and have been using their produced knowledge in the optimization of their actions. In the improvement of systems, theoretical administrative trends become management decisions and result in the ultimate success of the organization. In order to achieve its objectives the study verified an economy based on knowledge management, and its production emphasizes the human capital that permeates the condition of the information in support for the development of communities.

Qubit state estimation and enhancement by quantum thermal noise

International audience

Student characteristics and academic success: An econometric study of the performance of "equity groups"

Like previous volumes in the Educational Innovation in Economics and Business Series, this book is genuinely international in terms of its coverage. With contributions from nine different countries and three continents, it reflects a global interest in, and commitment to, innovation in business education, with a view to enhancing the learning experience of both undergraduates and postgraduates. It should prove of value to anyone engaged directly in business education, defined broadly to embrace management, finance, marketing, economics, informational studies, and ethics, or who has responsibility for fostering the professional development of business educators. The contributions have been selected with the objective of encouraging and inspiring others as well as illustrating developments in the sphere of business education. This volume brings together a collection of articles describing different aspects of the developments taking place in today’s workplace and how they affect business education. It describes strategies for breaking boundaries for global learning. These target specific techniques regarding teams and collaborative learning, transitions from academic settings to the workplace, the role of IT in the learning process, and program-level innovation strategies. This volume addresses issues faced by professionals in higher and further education and also those involved in corporate training centers and industry.

Linking entrepreneural orientation to export performance: the role of intangible resources and dynamic capabilities

Understanding the determinants of international performance, and in particular, export performance is key for the success of international companies. Research in this area focuses mainly on how resources and capabilities allow companies to gain competitive advantage and superior performance in external markets. Building on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and the Dynamic Capabilities Approach (DCA), this study aims at analysing the effect of intangible resources and capabilities on export performance. Specifically, this study focuses on the proposition that entrepreneurial orientation potentiates the attraction of intangible resources, namely relational and informational resources. Moreover, we propose that these resources impact export performance both directly and indirectly through dynamic capabilities.

The real economic effects of cross-delistingfrom the united states: evidence on post-operating performance, financial constraints and stock crash risk

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências Empresariais.

De la diversité des équipes : étude du rôle des vecteurs de failles sur la performance.

Malgré que plus de 50 ans nous séparent des premières études empiriques s’attardant à la diversité dans les équipes de travail, il demeure difficile de tirer des conclusions claires et cohérentes quant à la nature et à la direction des relations qu’elle entretient avec la performance groupale. Ce constat a amené de nombreux auteurs à formuler diverses recommandations visant à sortir le domaine de recherche de l’impasse. Dans un contexte où, d’une part, les organisations tendent à s’appuyer de plus en plus sur des équipes afin d’assurer leur efficacité et, d’autre part, la diversité ne cesse de s’accroitre au rythme de l’immigration et de la spécialisation du savoir, il devient particulièrement pertinent de poursuivre les efforts de recherche en fonction de ces recommandations afin de clarifier les impacts de la diversité sur la performance. La présente thèse s’inscrit dans un courant de recherche en pleine croissance qui répond aux appels des chercheurs du domaine et qui vise à évaluer les effets de la structure de la diversité plutôt qu’uniquement ceux de la quantité de diversité dans les équipes. La théorie des vecteurs de failles (Lau & Murnighan, 1998), qui sont des lignes hypothétiques divisant les membres d’une équipe lorsque des caractéristiques de diversité concordent et créent des sous-groupes homogènes, constitue une avancée majeure à cet effet. Toutefois, certains résultats empiriques contradictoires à son sujet mettent en lumière l’importance de prendre en considération l’ensemble des recommandations qui ont été formulés à l’intention des chercheurs du domaine de la diversité. À travers la lentille des vecteurs de failles, la thèse vise à approfondir notre compréhension du rôle de la diversité sur la performance des équipes en mettant en pratique ces diverses recommandations, qui invitent à examiner le rôle des mécanismes médiateurs ainsi que des effets modérateurs pouvant intervenir dans cette relation, à préciser les typologies employées et à prendre en considération l’influence du contexte dans lequel évoluent les équipes de travail. Le premier article constitue un effort de synthèse empirique cherchant à préciser les effets différenciés que peuvent avoir divers types de failles sur divers types de performance et à évaluer le rôle modérateur que joue le type d’équipe étudié dans ces relations. Les résultats de la méta-analyse, menée à l’aide d’un échantillon de 38 études comprenant 3046 équipes, viennent nuancer ceux précédemment rapportés dans la documentation scientifique et montrent que les failles ont un effet négatif sur la performance comportementale mais pas sur la performance de résultats. De plus, le type d’équipe modère cette relation de sorte que celle-ci est plus fortement négative pour les équipes de projet et les équipes de gestion. Le deuxième article évalue empiriquement l’effet des vecteurs de faille informationnels sur une dimension spécifique de la performance, l’adaptabilité d’équipe, en examinant le rôle médiateur de la coordination implicite ainsi que l’effet modérateur de la clarté des rôles et responsabilités. Une analyse de médiation modérée auprès d’un échantillon de 14 équipes de projet révèle que la coordination implicite médie la relation négative entre les vecteurs de faille informationnels et l’adaptabilité d’équipe. De plus, cette relation est plus fortement négative lorsque les rôles et responsabilités des équipiers sont clairs ou très clairs. Les implications théoriques et pratiques des résultats obtenus sont discutées.

Informational Barriers to Energy Efficiency - Theory and European Policies. Bruges European Economic Research (BEER) Papers 15/2009

This BEER addresses informational barriers to energy efficiency. It is a widely acknowledged result that an energy efficiency gap exists implying that the level of energy efficiency is at an inefficiently low level. Several barriers to energy efficiency create this gap and the presence of asymmetric information is likely to be one such barrier. In this article a theoretical framework is presented addressing the issues of moral hazard and adverse selection related to energy efficiency. Based on the theoretical framework, European policies on energy efficiency are evaluated. The article is divided into two main parts. The first part presents the theory on information asymmetries and its consequences on energy efficiency focusing on the problems of moral hazard and adverse selection. Having established a theoretical framework to understand the agency barriers to energy efficiency, the second part evaluates the policies of the European Union on energy efficiency. The BEER finds that problems of moral hazard and adverse selection indeed can help explain the seemingly low levels of energy. In both presented models the cost to the principal from implementing high energy efficiency outcome is increased with the informational asymmetries. The theory reveals two implications to policies on energy efficiency. First, the development of measures to enable contractual parties to base remuneration on energy performance must be enhanced, and second, the information on technologies and the education of consumers and installers on energy efficiency must be increased. This could be complemented with certification of installers and energy efficiency advisors to enable consumers to select good agents. Finally, it is found that the preferred EU policy instrument on energy efficiency, so far, seems to be the use of minimum requirements. Less used in EU legislation is the use of measuring and verification as well as the use of certifications. Therefore, it is concluded that the EU should consider an increased use of these instruments, and in particular focus on a further development of standards on measurability and verification as well as an increased focus on education of consumers as well as installers and advisors on energy efficiency.

The informational load of highway guide signs. Final report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Formant-frequency variation and informational masking of speech by extraneous formants:evidence against dynamic and speech-specific acoustical constraints

How speech is separated perceptually from other speech remains poorly understood. Recent research indicates that the ability of an extraneous formant to impair intelligibility depends on the variation of its frequency contour. This study explored the effects of manipulating the depth and pattern of that variation. Three formants (F1+F2+F3) constituting synthetic analogues of natural sentences were distributed across the 2 ears, together with a competitor for F2 (F2C) that listeners must reject to optimize recognition (left = F1+F2C; right = F2+F3). The frequency contours of F1 - F3 were each scaled to 50% of their natural depth, with little effect on intelligibility. Competitors were created either by inverting the frequency contour of F2 about its geometric mean (a plausibly speech-like pattern) or using a regular and arbitrary frequency contour (triangle wave, not plausibly speech-like) matched to the average rate and depth of variation for the inverted F2C. Adding a competitor typically reduced intelligibility; this reduction depended on the depth of F2C variation, being greatest for 100%-depth, intermediate for 50%-depth, and least for 0%-depth (constant) F2Cs. This suggests that competitor impact depends on overall depth of frequency variation, not depth relative to that for the target formants. The absence of tuning (i.e., no minimum in intelligibility for the 50% case) suggests that the ability to reject an extraneous formant does not depend on similarity in the depth of formant-frequency variation. Furthermore, triangle-wave competitors were as effective as their more speech-like counterparts, suggesting that the selection of formants from the ensemble also does not depend on speech-specific constraints. © 2014 The Author(s).

Hybrid mathematical and informational modeling of beam-to-column connections

The analysis of steel and composite frames has traditionally been carried out by idealizing beam-to-column connections as either rigid or pinned. Although some advanced analysis methods have been proposed to account for semi-rigid connections, the performance of these methods strongly depends on the proper modeling of connection behavior. The primary challenge of modeling beam-to-column connections is their inelastic response and continuously varying stiffness, strength, and ductility. In this dissertation, two distinct approaches—mathematical models and informational models—are proposed to account for the complex hysteretic behavior of beam-to-column connections. The performance of the two approaches is examined and is then followed by a discussion of their merits and deficiencies. To capitalize on the merits of both mathematical and informational representations, a new approach, a hybrid modeling framework, is developed and demonstrated through modeling beam-to-column connections. Component-based modeling is a compromise spanning two extremes in the field of mathematical modeling: simplified global models and finite element models. In the component-based modeling of angle connections, the five critical components of excessive deformation are identified. Constitutive relationships of angles, column panel zones, and contact between angles and column flanges, are derived by using only material and geometric properties and theoretical mechanics considerations. Those of slip and bolt hole ovalization are simplified by empirically-suggested mathematical representation and expert opinions. A mathematical model is then assembled as a macro-element by combining rigid bars and springs that represent the constitutive relationship of components. Lastly, the moment-rotation curves of the mathematical models are compared with those of experimental tests. In the case of a top-and-seat angle connection with double web angles, a pinched hysteretic response is predicted quite well by complete mechanical models, which take advantage of only material and geometric properties. On the other hand, to exhibit the highly pinched behavior of a top-and-seat angle connection without web angles, a mathematical model requires components of slip and bolt hole ovalization, which are more amenable to informational modeling. An alternative method is informational modeling, which constitutes a fundamental shift from mathematical equations to data that contain the required information about underlying mechanics. The information is extracted from observed data and stored in neural networks. Two different training data sets, analytically-generated and experimental data, are tested to examine the performance of informational models. Both informational models show acceptable agreement with the moment-rotation curves of the experiments. Adding a degradation parameter improves the informational models when modeling highly pinched hysteretic behavior. However, informational models cannot represent the contribution of individual components and therefore do not provide an insight into the underlying mechanics of components. In this study, a new hybrid modeling framework is proposed. In the hybrid framework, a conventional mathematical model is complemented by the informational methods. The basic premise of the proposed hybrid methodology is that not all features of system response are amenable to mathematical modeling, hence considering informational alternatives. This may be because (i) the underlying theory is not available or not sufficiently developed, or (ii) the existing theory is too complex and therefore not suitable for modeling within building frame analysis. The role of informational methods is to model aspects that the mathematical model leaves out. Autoprogressive algorithm and self-learning simulation extract the missing aspects from a system response. In a hybrid framework, experimental data is an integral part of modeling, rather than being used strictly for validation processes. The potential of the hybrid methodology is illustrated through modeling complex hysteretic behavior of beam-to-column connections. Mechanics-based components of deformation such as angles, flange-plates, and column panel zone, are idealized to a mathematical model by using a complete mechanical approach. Although the mathematical model represents envelope curves in terms of initial stiffness and yielding strength, it is not capable of capturing the pinching effects. Pinching is caused mainly by separation between angles and column flanges as well as slip between angles/flange-plates and beam flanges. These components of deformation are suitable for informational modeling. Finally, the moment-rotation curves of the hybrid models are validated with those of the experimental tests. The comparison shows that the hybrid models are capable of representing the highly pinched hysteretic behavior of beam-to-column connections. In addition, the developed hybrid model is successfully used to predict the behavior of a newly-designed connection.

Change-point detection in environmental time series based on the informational approach

In this study, the Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) is applied in order to detect change-points in the time series of surface water quality variables. The application of change-point analysis allowed detecting change-points in both the mean and the variance in series under study. Time variations in environmental data are complex and they can hinder the identification of the so-called change-points when traditional models are applied to this type of problems. The assumptions of normality and uncorrelation are not present in some time series, and so, a simulation study is carried out in order to evaluate the methodology’s performance when applied to non-normal data and/or with time correlation.

Firms’ knowledge search and local knowledge externalities in innovation performance

We use an augmented version of the UK Innovation Surveys 4–7 to explore firm-level and local area openness externalities on firms’ innovation performance. We find strong evidence of the value of external knowledge acquisition both through interactive collaboration and non-interactive contacts such as demonstration effects, copying or reverse engineering. Levels of knowledge search activity remain well below the private optimum, however, due perhaps to informational market failures. We also find strong positive externalities of openness resulting from the intensity of local interactive knowledge search—a knowledge diffusion effect. However, there are strong negative externalities resulting from the intensity of local non-interactive knowledge search—a competition effect. Our results provide support for local initiatives to support innovation partnering and counter illegal copying or counterfeiting. We find no significant relationship between either local labour quality or employment composition and innovative outputs.

Genetic Aspects Of Athletic Performance: The African Runners Phenomenon.

The current dominance of African runners in long-distance running is an intriguing phenomenon that highlights the close relationship between genetics and physical performance. Many factors in the interesting interaction between genotype and phenotype (eg, high cardiorespiratory fitness, higher hemoglobin concentration, good metabolic efficiency, muscle fiber composition, enzyme profile, diet, altitude training, and psychological aspects) have been proposed in the attempt to explain the extraordinary success of these runners. Increasing evidence shows that genetics may be a determining factor in physical and athletic performance. But, could this also be true for African long-distance runners? Based on this question, this brief review proposed the role of genetic factors (mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, the Y chromosome, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme and the alpha-actinin-3 genes) in the amazing athletic performance observed in African runners, especially the Kenyans and Ethiopians, despite their environmental constraints.