Association between dopamine transporter (DATI) genotype, left-sided inattention, and an enhanced response to methylphenidate in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

A polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, 10-repeat) is associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and has been linked to an enhanced response to methylphenidate (MPH). One aspect of the attention deficit in ADHD includes a subtle inattention to left space, resembling that seen after right cerebral hemisphere damage. Since left-sided inattention in ADHD may resolve when treated with MPH, we asked whether left-sided inattention in ADHD was related to DAT1 genotype and the therapeutic efficacy of MPH. A total of 43 ADHD children and their parents were genotyped for the DAT1 30 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism. The children performed the Landmark Test, a well-validated measure yielding a spatial attentional asymmetry index ( leftward to rightward attentional bias). Parents rated their child's response to MPH retrospectively using a three-point scale ( no, mediocre or very good response). Additionally, parents used a symptom checklist to rate behavior while on and off medication. A within-family control design determined whether asymmetry indices predicted biased transmission of 10-repeat parental DAT1 alleles and/or response to MPH. It was found that left-sided inattention predicted transmission of the 10-repeat allele from parents to probands and was associated with the severity of ADHD symptomatology. Children rated as achieving a very good response to MPH displayed left-sided inattention, while those rated as achieving a poorer response did not. Our results suggest a subgroup of children with ADHD for whom the 10-repeat DAT1 allele is associated with left-sided inattention. MPH may be most efficacious in this group because it ameliorates a DAT1-mediated hypodopaminergic state.

Relationship of hyperactivity/inattention with adiposity and lifestyle characteristics in preschool children.

We performed a cross-sectional study in 450 nonreferred preschool children aged 4 to 6 years to assess the association between hyperactivity/inattention with adiposity and lifestyle characteristics. Measurements included scores of hyperactivity/inattention, adiposity, objectively measured physical activity, television viewing, and eating habits. Higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention were associated with lower percentage body fat, higher levels of physical activity, and less time spent in sedentary activity (all P ≤ .01). However, higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention were also associated with more television viewing and less healthy eating habits (all P ≤ .04). Except for some selected eating habits (P ≥ .07), those relationships remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and sociodemographic confounders. To conclude, higher scores of hyperactivity/inattention are linked to different lifestyle characteristics that may in part contribute to a future development of overweight/obesity. Precise mechanisms explaining these associations and possible preventive approaches should be further investigated.

Inattention et diplomation : le rôle protecteur du sport durant l'adolescence

Le trouble déficitaire de l'attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H) est une problématique qui touche un nombre important de jeunes Québécois. Un lien entre le TDA/H, plus particulièrement la composante inattention, et l’apparition de difficultés scolaires a été démontré à maintes reprises. Quelques études suggèrent que la pratique d'activités sportives pourrait influencer le lien entre l'inattention et les difficultés scolaires et augmenter ainsi la probabilité de perséverer dans les études et, conséquemment, d’obtenir un diplôme scolaire. La présente étude vise à examiner le lien entre l’inattention durant l’enfance et l’obtention du diplôme d’études secondaires, puis à vérifier si la pratique d'activités sportives durant l’adolescence influence ce lien. À cette fin, 1043 jeunes ont été suivis de 6 à 23 ans. Une analyse de régression logistique binaire de type hiérarchique a été utilisée pour tester les hypothèses proposées. D’une part, et tel que prévu, une forte association négative entre l’inattention et la diplomation est observée. Cette association demeure satistiquement significative après contrôle de différentes variables (hyperactivité, symptômes intériorisés, Q.I. et l’adversité familiale). La relation inattention-diplomation n’est toutefois pas modérée par la pratique d’activités sportives. Cette étude souligne l’importance de mettre en place des mesures efficaces pour permettre aux jeunes souffrant d’inattention d’avoir de meilleures chances de diplômer.

Le rôle des symptômes d'hyperactivité- impulsivité dans la performance à une tâche de pointage manuel : quel rôle pour l'inattention?

L'intégralité de ce projet a été réalisé à l'aide de logiciels sous licence libre.

Trajectoires développementales des dimensions du profil de dysrégulation (CBCL-DE) – agressivité, anxiété et inattention : éléments prédicteurs de diplomation au secondaire chez les garçons.

Ouvrage réalisé sous la supervision du comité de jury composé des membres suivants: Dre Leila Ben Amor, Dre Diane Sauriol, Daniel Fiset, PhD. & Éric Lacourse PhD.

Inattention in individual expectations

This paper investigates the expectations formation process of economic agents about inflation rate. Using the Market Expectations System of Central Bank of Brazil, we perceive that agents do not update their forecasts every period and that even agents who update disagree in their predictions. We then focus on the two most popular types of inattention models that have been discussed in the recent literature: sticky-information and noisy-information models. Estimating a hybrid model we find that, although formally fitting the Brazilian data, it happens at the cost of a much higher degree of information rigidity than observed.

Incentive-driven inattention

Fundação Getulio Vargas. Escola de Pós-Graduação em Economia

Inattention in Individual Expectations

This paper investigates the expectations formation process of economic agents about infl ation rate. Using the Market Expectations System of Central Bank of Brazil, we perceive that agents do not update their forecasts every period and that even agents who update disagree in their predictions. We then focus on the two most popular types of inattention models that have been discussed in the recent literature: sticky-information and noisy-information models. Estimating a hybrid model we fi nd that, although formally fi tting the Brazilian data, it happens at the cost of a much higher degree of information rigidity than observed.

Driver performance and individual differences in attention and information processing. Volume I: driver inattention. Final report.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, D.C.

Symptoms of hyperactivity and inattention can mediate deficits of postural stability in developmental dyslexia

DDevelopmental dyslexia is a reading disorder associated with impaired postural control. However, such deficits are also found in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is present in a substantial subset of dyslexia diagnoses. Very few studies of balance in dyslexia have assessed ADHD symptoms, thereby motivating the hypothesis that such measures can account for the group differences observed. In this study, we assessed adults with dyslexia and similarly aged controls on a battery of cognitive, literacy and attention measures, alongside tasks of postural stability. Displacements of centre of mass to perturbations of posture were measured in four experimental conditions using digital optical motion capture. The largest group differences were obtained in conditions where cues to the support surface were reduced. Between-group differences in postural sway and in sway variability were largely accounted for by co-varying hyperactivity and inattention ratings, however. These results therefore suggest that postural instability in dyslexia is more strongly associated with symptoms of ADHD than to those specific to reading impairment.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.