4 resultados para ISOTONES


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放射性束流(RIB)装置拓广了实验核物理在同位旋(T_z)自由度上从稳定核直到滴线核的广袤空间。通常,位于β-稳定线及其附近的核,N/Z在1-1.5范围变化,其分离能E_s无论对于质子还是中子,总是在6-8 MeV之间;对于远离稳定线的非稳定核,N/Z可在0.5-4范围变化,如~9C的N/Z = 0.5,~(10)He的N/Z = 4,而且分离能E_s是在0-40 MeV之间变化的,开展对这些远离β-稳定线非稳定核性质、结构的研究是目前核物理的前沿之一。核反应总截面σ_R是表征原子核性质特征的一个基本物理量,从实验测得的核反应总截面中可以得到有关核结构和核内核子分布的信息。在由放射性束流所产生奇异核的结构与各种反应机制研究中,反应总截面的测量更是有其特殊的重要性,具有奇异核结构如晕核的一个典型的物理特征就是其反应总截面要比稳定核大得多,Tanihata等人最早就是通过对放射性束流的相互作用截面的测量发现了具有奇异结构的核,即中子晕核。由于反应总截面的测量对探测器的要求不高,而且数据分析过程相对较为简单,因而反应总截面的测量已经成为放射性束核物理的研究的一个非常重要实验手段。中子晕核以及中子皮核的发现促使人们去寻找质子晕核和质子皮核,由于最后一个质子的结合能非常小只有136,keV,并且有较大的电四极矩,因而使得~8B成为质子晕的最大热门候选核,有关~8B是否具有质子晕核结构的问题,许多实验科学家得出了相互矛盾的回答;而目前有关另外一个质子晕候选核~9C的实验数据非常少,目前还没有人从实验上对~9C是否为质子晕核这一问题进行肯定或否定的回答。因此非常有必要测量~9C和~8B的反应总截面。对反应总截面进行研究的一个非常有用理论就是Glauber模型,该模型考虑了库伦效应的多次散射理论。它是一种基于自由核子-核子(N-N)碰撞的与核物质密度相关的理论,因而能够从实验测量到的反应总截面中提取核物质分布的信息。该理论对中低能区的反应总截面描述却有一个缺憾:理论值比实验值都要小。本论文主要描述了利用透射法测量了中能区同中子素核~9C、~8B、~7Be及~6Li与~(28)Si的反应总截面,并介绍了重离子碰撞以及描述重离子性质的几种常用理论。在论文里对实验测量得到的结果进行了理论分析,这些理论包括半经验的Shen公式、Glauber模型、BUU模型以及SHF理论。如果将~9C和~8B当成具有正常核结构来处理,半经验的Shen公式和Glauber模型(HO密度分布)的理论计算值总是比实验值要小得多;对于Glauber模型的理论计算值和实验值的差异,Ozawa等定义了一个差值因子d,方德清等人对轻核系统的d值进行了详细的分析。一般认为,正常核的d值在20%以内,而对于具有晕或皮奇异结构的核,其d值则超过30%,甚至可达50%,因此可根据一个核的d值是否超过30%而且比相邻核的d值明显大这种半经验的方法来判断一个核是否具有奇异结构;利用d值的分析结果,我们认为:~9C和~8B都具有奇异核结构;对于BUU模型用同样的方法引进差值因子d值,对于~9C和~8B有相同的结论。用SHF理论计算得到B和C同位素的密度分布结果显示,~9C和~8B的密度分布比相邻的同位素扩展都要大得多。为减小Glauber模型计算的反应截面与实验值的差别,本论文还对Glauber模型的输入密度形式进行了修改,在原单一HO分布基础上加一个高斯分布的尾巴,并对丰质子的同中子素核~9C、~8B、~7Be及~6Li与~(28)Si靶以及~(12)C和丰中子的C同位素核~(13-16)C与~(12)C靶的反应截面重新进行了计算,结果显示在中能区的计算值比原来单一密度分布的计算结构有明显改善。

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The nuclides 157W and 161Os have been discovered in reactions of 58Ni ion beams with a 106Cd target. The 161Os α -decay energy and half-life were 6890±12 keV and 640±60 μs. The daughter 157W nuclei β -decayed with a half-life of 275±40 ms, populating both low-lying α-decaying states in 157Ta, which is consistent with a 7/2− ground state in 157W. Fine structure observed in the α decay of 161Os places the lowest excited state in 157W with Iπ=9/2− at 318±30 keV. The branching ratio of View the MathML source indicates that 161Os also has a 7/2− ground state. Shell-model calculations analysing the effects of monopole shifts and a tensor force on the relative energies of 2f7/2 and 1h9/2 neutron states in N=83 isotones are presented.

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The level structures of the N = 50 As-83, Ge-82, and Ga-81 isotones have been investigated by means of multi-nucleon transfer reactions. A first experiment was performed with the CLARA PRISMA setup to identify these nuclei. A second experiment was carried out with the GASP array in order to deduce the gamma-ray coincidence information. The results obtained on the high-spin states of such nuclei are used to test the stability of the N = 50 shell closure in the region of Ni-78 (Z = 28). The comparison of the experimental level schemes with the shell-model calculations yields an N = 50 energy gap value of 4.7(3) MeV at Z = 28. This value, in a good agreement with the prediction of the finite-range liquid-drop model as well as with the recent large-scale shell model calculations, does not support a weakening of the N = 50 shell gap down to Z = 28. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The yrast level structure of Rn-215 has been studied by means of in-beam spectroscopy alpha-gamma-gamma coincidence techniques through the Pb-207(O-18,2 alpha 2n) reaction at 93 MeV bombarding energy, using the 8 pi GASP-ISIS spectrometer at Legnaro. New spectroscopic information has been obtained. The deduced low-lying level scheme of Rn-215 does not exhibit the alternating parity structure observed in the heavier known isotones Fr-216, Ra-217, Ac-218, and Th-219. From this result, the lightest nucleus showing evidence for octupole collectivity is Fr-216, defining the lowest-mass corner for this kind of phenomenon as N >= 129 and Z >= 87.