Effects on permanent teeth after luxation injuries to the primary predecessors: a study in children assisted at an emergency service

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alternative Treatment Modalities for Immature Intruded Permanent Incisors: Report of 2 Cases

Intrusion of permanent teeth is one of the most severe types of traumatic injuries. Different treatment strategies have been proposed, and the best approach for each case depends on the stage of root development, severity of the intrusive luxation, presence of alveolar fracture and number of intruded teeth. The purpose of this paper is to describe the treatment management of 2 cases of severely intruded immature permanent maxillary central incisors in 71/2- and 8-year-old children. In case 1, the traumatized tooth was treated by surgical repositioning, while in case 2 watchful waiting for spontaneous re-eruption was the treatment of choice. Treatment strategies were successful in both cases, as demonstrated by the continuation of root development, maintenance of pulp vitality, and absence of signs of per/apical pathosis during the follow-up period. Regardless of the treatment strategy, traumatically intruded teeth should undergo periodical clinical and radiographic surveillance on a long-term basis to allow early detection of possible complications. (Pediotr Dent 2009;31:340-5) Received March 11, 2008 vertical bar Last Revision June 25, 2008 vertical bar Revision Accepted July 16, 2008

Longitudinal clinical and radiographic evaluation of severely intruded permanent incisors in a pediatric population

Intrusion is defined as the axial dislodgment of the tooth into its socket and is considered one of the most severe types of dental trauma. This longitudinal outcome study was undertaken to evaluate clinically and radiographically severely intruded permanent incisors in a population of children and adolescents. All cases were treated between September 2003 and February 2008 in a dental trauma service. Clinical and radiographic data were collected from 12 patients (eight males and four females) that represented 15 permanent maxillary incisors. Mean age at the time of injury was 8 years and 9 months (range 7-14 years and 8 months). Mean time elapsed to follow-up was 26.6 months (range 10-51 months). The analysis of data showed that tooth intrusion was twice as frequent in males. The maxillary central incisors were the most commonly intruded teeth (93.3%), and falling at home was the main etiologic factor (60%). More than half of the cases (53.3%) were multiple intrusions, 73.3% of the intruded teeth had incomplete root formation and 66.6% of the teeth suffered other injuries concomitant to intrusion. Immediate surgical repositioning was the treatment of choice in 66.7% of the cases, while watchful waiting for the tooth to return to its pre-injury position was adopted in 33.3% of the cases. The teeth that suffered additional injuries to the intrusive luxation presented a fivefold increased relative risk of developing pulp necrosis. The immature teeth had six times more chances of presenting pulp canal obliteration that the mature teeth and a lower risk of developing root resorption. The most frequent post-injury complications were pulp necrosis (73.3%), marginal bone loss (60%), inflammatory root resorption (40%), pulp canal obliteration (26.7%) and replacement root resorption (20%). From the results of this study, it was not possible to determine whether the type immediate treatment had any influence on the appearance of sequelae like pulp necrosis and root resorption after intrusive luxation, but the existence of additional injuries and the stage of root development influenced the clinical case outcome in a negative and positive manner, respectively.

Análise do conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas sobre plano de tratamento das injúrias do ligamento periodontal após traumatismo dentoalveolar

O diagnóstico preciso e a elaboração de um plano de tratamento adequado podem constituir uma tarefa bastante complexa, especialmente nos traumatismos dentoalveolares, pois necessitam de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e conhecimento sobre o processo de reparo após o traumatismo. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões dentistas sobre plano de tratamento das injúrias do ligamento periodontal após traumatismo dentoalveolar. Para tanto, a partir de um questionário, foram abordadas perguntas referentes ao perfil dos profissionais entrevistados e conduta frente às injúrias do ligamento periodontal (concussão, subluxação, luxação extrusiva, luxação lateral e luxação intrusiva) ocasionadas por traumatismo dentoalveolar. Seiscentos e noventa e três cirurgiões dentistas que participaram da 23ª Reunião Anual da SBPqO (2006) responderam o questionário e os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise descritiva, enquanto o teste estatístico foi aplicado para demonstrar as freqüências e o nível de significância entre as variáveis (Teste qui-quadrado ou Teste Exato de Fisher). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, grandes dificuldades foram encontradas com relação ao plano de tratamento das luxações extrusiva, lateral e intrusiva. De maneira geral, a especialidade não influenciou na elaboração de planos adequados para as injúrias mais complexas. Foi possível concluir que os cirurgiões dentistas não apresentam conhecimento suficiente para tratar de maneira adequada as injúrias mais severas do ligamento periodontal após traumatismo dentoalveolar

Characterization of micro-bubble size distribution and flow configuration in DAF contact zone by a non-intrusive image analysis system and tracer tests

This paper aims to investigate the influence of some dissolved air flotation (DAF) process variables (specifically: the hydraulic detention time in the contact zone and the supplied dissolved air concentration) and the pH values, as pretreatment chemical variables, on the micro-bubble size distribution (BSD) in a DAF contact zone. This work was carried out in a pilot plant where bubbles were measured by an appropriate non-intrusive image acquisition system. The results show that the obtained diameter ranges were in agreement with values reported in the literature (10-100mm), quite independently of the investigated conditions. The linear average diameter varied from 20 to 30mm, or equivalently, the Sauter (d(3,2)) diameter varied from 40 to 50mm. In all investigated conditions, D(50) was between 75% and 95%. The BSD might present different profile (with a bimodal curve trend), however, when analyzing the volumetric frequency distribution (in some cases with the appearance of peaks in diameters ranging from 90-100mm). Regarding volumetric frequency analysis, all the investigated parameters can modify the BSD in DAF contact zone after the release point, thus potentially causing changes in DAF kinetics. This finding prompts further research in order to verify the effect of these BSD changes on solid particle removal efficiency by DAF.

O papel dos sistemas de Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring para a eficiência energética do setor residencial

A sustentabilidade energética do planeta é uma preocupação corrente e, neste sentido, a eficiência energética afigura-se como sendo essencial para a redução do consumo em todos os setores de atividade. No que diz respeito ao setor residencial, o indevido comportamento dos utilizadores aliado ao desconhecimento do consumo dos diversos aparelhos, são factores impeditivos para a redução do consumo energético. Uma ferramenta importante, neste sentido, é a monitorização de consumos nomeadamente a monitorização não intrusiva, que apresenta vantagens económicas relativamente à monitorização intrusiva, embora levante alguns desafios na desagregação de cargas. Abordou-se então, neste documento, a temática da monitorização não intrusiva onde se desenvolveu uma ferramenta de desagregação de cargas residenciais, sobretudo de aparelhos que apresentavam elevados consumos. Para isso, monitorizaram-se os consumos agregados de energia elétrica, água e gás de seis habitações do município de Vila Nova de Gaia. Através da incorporação dos vetores de água e gás, a acrescentar ao da energia elétrica, provou-se que a performance do algoritmo de desagregação de aparelhos poderá aumentar, no caso de aparelhos que utilizem simultaneamente energia elétrica e água ou energia elétrica e gás. A eficiência energética é também parte constituinte deste trabalho e, para tal, implementaram-se medidas de eficiência energética para uma das habitações em estudo, de forma a concluir as que exibiam maior potencial de poupança, assim como rápidos períodos de retorno de investimento. De um modo geral, os objetivos propostos foram alcançados e espera-se que num futuro próximo, a monitorização de consumos não intrusiva se apresente como uma solução de referência no que respeita à sustentabilidade energética do setor residencial.

Intrusive versus domiciliated triatomines and the challenge of adapting vector control practices against Chagas disease

Chagas disease prevention remains mostly based on triatomine vector control to reduce or eliminate house infestation with these bugs. The level of adaptation of triatomines to human housing is a key part of vector competence and needs to be precisely evaluated to allow for the design of effective vector control strategies. In this review, we examine how the domiciliation/intrusion level of different triatomine species/populations has been defined and measured and discuss how these concepts may be improved for a better understanding of their ecology and evolution, as well as for the design of more effective control strategies against a large variety of triatomine species. We suggest that a major limitation of current criteria for classifying triatomines into sylvatic, intrusive, domiciliary and domestic species is that these are essentially qualitative and do not rely on quantitative variables measuring population sustainability and fitness in their different habitats. However, such assessments may be derived from further analysis and modelling of field data. Such approaches can shed new light on the domiciliation process of triatomines and may represent a key tool for decision-making and the design of vector control interventions.

The magmatic to hydrothermal evolution of the intrusive Mont Saint-Hilaire Complex: Insights into the late-stage evolution of peralkaline rocks

The Cretaceous Mont Saint-Hilaire complex (Quebec, Canada) comprises three major rock units that were emplaced in the following sequence: (I) gabbros; (II) diorites; (III) diverse partly agpaitic foid syenites. The major element compositions of the rock-forming minerals, age-corrected Nd and oxygen isotope data for mineral separates and trace element data of Fe-Mg silicates from the various lithologies imply a common source for all units. The distribution of the rare earth elements in clinopyroxene from the gabbros indicates an ocean island basalt type composition for the parental magma. Gabbros record temperatures of 1200 to 800 degrees C, variable silica activities between 0 center dot 7 and 0 center dot 3, and f(O2) values between -0 center dot 5 and +0 center dot 7 (log delta FMQ, where FMQ is fayalite-magnetite-quartz). The diorites crystallized under uniform a(SiO2) (a(SiO2) = 0 center dot 4-0 center dot 5) and more reduced f(O2) conditions (log delta FMQ similar to-1) between similar to 1100 and similar to 800 degrees C. Phase equilibria in various foid syenites indicate that silica activities decrease from 0 center dot 6-0 center dot 3 at similar to 1000 degrees C to < 0 center dot 3 at similar to 550 degrees C. Release of an aqueous fluid during the transition to the hydrothermal stage caused a(SiO2) to drop to very low values, which results from reduced SiO(2) solubilities in aqueous fluids compared with silicate melts. During the hydrothermal stage, high water activities stabilized zeolite-group minerals. Fluid inclusions record a complex post-magmatic history, which includes trapping of an aqueous fluid that unmixed from the restitic foid syenitic magma. Cogenetic aqueous and carbonic fluid inclusions reflect heterogeneous trapping of coexisting immiscible external fluids in the latest evolutionary stage. The O and C isotope characteristics of fluid-inclusion hosted CO(2) and late-stage carbonates imply that the surrounding limestones were the source of the external fluids. The mineral-rich syenitic rocks at Mont Saint-Hilaire evolved as follows: first, alkalis, high field strength and large ion lithophile elements were pre-enriched in the (late) magmatic and subsequent hydrothermal stages; second, percolation of external fluids in equilibrium with the carbonate host-rocks and mixing processes with internal fluids as well as fluid-rock interaction governed dissolution of pre-existing minerals, element transport and precipitation of mineral assemblages determined by locally variable parameters. It is this hydrothermal interplay between internal and external fluids that is responsible for the mineral wealth found at Mont Saint-Hilaire.

The Hercynian intrusive rocks of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges (NE Spain).

The hercynian outcrops of the Catalonian Coastal Ranges (NE Spain) consist mainly of Lower Permian-Upper Carboniferous, post-tectonic, epizona1 granitoid intrusions which form a typical applutonic calc-alkaline suite ranging from mafic hornblende gabbros and ultramafic olivine homblendites throught on alites and granodioritcs to leucogranites. This suite displays major andtrace-element characteristics and Sr isotope ratios similar to volcanic arc and post-collision magmatism oceanic lithosphere and to have been modified by contamination and is therefore believed to have formed above subducted with melts from the crust