Closed-loop stable model predictive control of integrating systems with dead time

Model predictive control (MPC) applications in the process industry usually deal with process systems that show time delays (dead times) between the system inputs and outputs. Also, in many industrial applications of MPC, integrating outputs resulting from liquid level control or recycle streams need to be considered as controlled outputs. Conventional MPC packages can be applied to time-delay systems but stability of the closed loop system will depend on the tuning parameters of the controller and cannot be guaranteed even in the nominal case. In this work, a state space model based on the analytical step response model is extended to the case of integrating time systems with time delays. This model is applied to the development of two versions of a nominally stable MPC, which is designed to the practical scenario in which one has targets for some of the inputs and/or outputs that may be unreachable and zone control (or interval tracking) for the remaining outputs. The controller is tested through simulation of a multivariable industrial reactor system. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Perdurabilidad empresarial: concepto y significados

Los grandes aportes generados por las antiguas civilizaciones y los filósofos más destacados a lo largo del tiempo, permiten entender la procedencia de algunos términos de los que hoy en día se hace uso. Estas contribuciones comienzan a través de la concepción del término tiempo, desde la antigüedad hasta los tiempos modernos, las cuales conllevan a entender que el tiempo es aquel que define la durabilidad de las cosas. De acuerdo a esto, se propone un acercamiento sobre el origen del término perdurabilidad, el cual será la base de la presente investigación. Entender la procedencia del término y el uso que se le da a sí mismo, facilita la aplicación el ámbito empresarial; el cual, a partir de diferentes posturas de autores nacionales e internacionales y basados en los parámetros que ha establecido la Universidad del Rosario, se establece un marco teórico de apoyo para futuras investigaciones dedicadas a la perdurabilidad empresarial. Asimismo, se establecen o se plasman algunos principios o factores de éxito que ayudan a que una empresa logre traspasar fronteras en tiempo y en rentabilidad; es decir que no solo permanezca muchos años en el mercado, sino que además se mantenga en constante crecimiento y rentabilidad.

Mapping Attribution Metadata to the Open Provenance Model

A description of a data item's provenance can be provided in dierent forms, and which form is best depends on the intended use of that description. Because of this, dierent communities have made quite distinct underlying assumptions in their models for electronically representing provenance. Approaches deriving from the library and archiving communities emphasise agreed vocabulary by which resources can be described and, in particular, assert their attribution (who created the resource, who modied it, where it was stored etc.) The primary purpose here is to provide intuitive metadata by which users can search for and index resources. In comparison, models for representing the results of scientific workflows have been developed with the assumption that each event or piece of intermediary data in a process' execution can and should be documented, to give a full account of the experiment undertaken. These occurrences are connected together by stating where one derived from, triggered, or otherwise caused another, and so form a causal graph. Mapping between the two approaches would be benecial in integrating systems and exploiting the strengths of each. In this paper, we specify such a mapping between Dublin Core and the Open Provenance Model. We further explain the technical issues to overcome and the rationale behind the approach, to allow the same method to apply in mapping similar schemes.

Avaliação da contaminação microbiológica de drogas vegetais e potencial descontaminação por plasma

A qualidade, eficácia e segurança no emprego de drogas vegetais dependem, entre outras questões, de sua qualidade sanitária. Sua origem e manuseio, em condições no geral inadequadas, propiciam biocarga elevada e abrangente, o que implica riscos para saúde. O presente trabalho objetivou conhecimento da microbiota das plantas estudadas e o desenvolvimento de estudos de sua descontaminação por plasma, tendo-se analisado os parâmetros físicos que influenciaram este processo. O projeto possibilitou a descontaminação de drogas vegetais com alta carga microbiana. Estudou-se a alcachofra (Cynara scolymus L.), camomila (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert.), ginco (Ginkgo biloba L.) e guaraná (Paullinia cupana Kunth), adotando parâmetros de processo que alegadamente permitem a integridade dos princípios ativos termossensíveis. Para isso, foi empregado reator disponível no Laboratório de Sistemas Integráveis, pertecente à Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, em sistema com acoplamento capacitivo modo RIE (Reactive Ion Etching). Neste sistema, trabalhou-se com oxigênio adicionado de peróxido de hidrogênio. Todos os processos de descontaminação foram desenvolvidos a temperatura ambiente, sob diferentes parâmetros físicos complementares. A eficácia do processo foi investigada, empregando-se contagem de microrganismos heterotróficos, assim como pesquisa de indicadores de patogênicos (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli). As avaliações microbiológicas, quantitativas e qualitativas, assim como os estudos decorrentes dos dados obtidos, foram desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Controle Biológico da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - USP. Os resultados obtidos após a descontaminação por plasma de oxigênio (100%), a potência de 150 W, evidenciaram redução de até 4 ciclos de aeróbicos totais. No processo por plasma peróxido de hidrogênio (20%) e oxigênio (80%), a uma potência de 150 W, observou-se a redução de até 4 ciclos log de aeróbios totais para as drogas vegetais deste estudo. A presença de substâncias químicas complexas da camomila, que contêm óleo volátil, flavonóides, aminoácidos, ácidos graxos, sais minerais, cumarinas, mucilagens e ácidos orgânicos, interferem no processo por plasma provavelmente em decorrência de a mucilagem formar um filme protetor, impedindo a difusão gasosa em ambos os processos por plasma. Assim, não só a camomila mas também o guaraná, com biocargas iniciais respectivamente de 6,6x106 UFC/g e 2,7x106 UFC/g, mantiveram-se com níveis de contaminação da mesma ordem de grandeza, após os desafios com plasma. A contagem bacteriana da alcachofra (fornecedor B), que foi submetida ao processo de descontaminação através do plasma O2 (100%), (potência de 150 W, pressão de 100 mTorr e vazão de 200 sccm), sofreu redução de dez vezes, independentemente do tempo do processo. Possivelmente este resultado, que aparenta inconsistência, decorre da ação apenas superficial do plasma. A descontaminação por processo de plasma de oxigênio e de peróxido de hidrogênio para a alcachofra (fornecedor B) não foi eficaz, devido à predominância de elementos lignificados. As amostras de alcachofra (fornecedor C), com baixa percentagem de vasos de xilema lignificados e fibras lignificadas evidenciaram a maior eficácia do processo por plasma, pois possibilitou grande difusão gasosa sobre as amostras. O estudo permitiu ainda concluir que à aplicabilidade do plasma na descontaminação de drogas vegetais depende da resistência dos microrganismos, mas igualmente das características da planta, sejam aquelas de natureza morfoanatômica, enzimática ou química. Estudos específicos devem ser desenvolvidos para cada situação.

Personalized recommender systems integrating social tags and item taxonomy

The social tags in web 2.0 are becoming another important information source to profile users' interests and preferences to make personalized recommendations. To solve the problem of low information sharing caused by the free-style vocabulary of tags and the long tails of the distribution of tags and items, this paper proposes an approach to integrate the social tags given by users and the item taxonomy with standard vocabulary and hierarchical structure provided by experts to make personalized recommendations. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the information sharing and recommendation accuracy.

Considering the importance of a systems approach to integrating ESD with campus operations

Society faces an unprecedented global education challenge to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills to address emerging 21st Century challenges, spanning climate change mitigation through to adaptation measures to deal with issues such as temperature and sea level rise, and diminishing fresh water and fossil fuel reserves. This paper discusses the potential for systemic and synergistic integration of curriculum with campus operations to accelerate curriculum renewal towards ESD, drawing on the authors' experiences within engineering education. The paper begins by a providing a brief overview of the need for timely curriculum renewal towards ESD in tertiary education. The paper then highlights some examples of academic barriers that need to be overcome for integration efforts to be successful, and opportunities for promoting the benefits of such integration. The paper concludes by discussing the rational for planning green campus initiatives within a larger system of curriculum renewal considerations, including awareness raising and developing a common understanding, identifying and mapping graduate attributes, curriculum auditing, content development and strategic renewal, and bridging and outreach.

Personalized recommender systems integrating tags and item taxonomy

The social tags in Web 2.0 are becoming another important information source to profile users' interests and preferences to make personalized recommendations. To solve the problem of low information sharing caused by the free-style vocabulary of tags and the long tails of the distribution of tags and items, this paper proposes an approach to integrate the social tags given by users and the item taxonomy with standard vocabulary and hierarchical structure provided by experts to make personalized recommendations. The experimental results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the information sharing and recommendation accuracy.

Integrating real time positioning systems to improve blind lifting and loading crane operations

Mobile/tower cranes are the most essential forms of construction plant in use in the construction industry but are also the subject of several safety issues. Of these, blind lifting has been found to be one of the most hazardous of crane operations. To improve the situation, a real-time monitoring system that integrates the use of a Global Positioning System (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is developed. This system aims to identify unauthorized work or entrance of personnel within a pre-defined risk zone by obtaining positioning data of both site workers and the crane. The system alerts to the presence of unauthorized workers within a risk zone——currently defined as 3m from the crane. When this happens, the system suspends the power of the crane and a warning signal is generated to the safety management team. In this way the system assists the safety management team to manage the safety of hundreds of workers simultaneously. An onsite trial with debriefing interviews is presented to illustrate and validate the system in use.

Integrating PV systems into distribution networks with battery energy storage systems

Integrating Photovoltaic (PV) systems with battery energy storage in the distribution network will be essential to allow for continued uptake of domestic PV system installations. With increasing concerns regarding environmental and climate change issues, incorporating sources of renewable energy into power networks across the world will be key for a sustainable future. Australia is well placed to utilise solar energy as a significant component of its future energy generation and within the last 5 years there has been a rapid growth in the penetration levels seen by the grid. This growth of PV systems is causing a number of issues including intermittency of supply, negative power flow and voltage rises. Using the simulator tool GridLAB-D with a model of a typical South-East Queensland (SEQ) 11 kV distribution feeder, the effect of various configurations of PV systems have been offset with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). From this, combinations of PV and storage that are most effective at mitigating the issues were explored.

Integrating LED lighting design strategies with side daylighting systems to improve interior lighting design of office buildings

A high contrast ratio between windows and surrounding walls may lead to office workers visual discomfort that could negatively affect their satisfaction and productivity. Consequently, occupants may try to adapt their working environment by closing blinds and/ or turning on the lights to enhance indoor visual comfort, which can reduce predicted energy savings. The hypothesis of this study is that reducing luminance contrast ratio on the window wall will improve window appearance which potentially will reduce visual discomfort and decrease workers interventions. Thus, this PhD research proposes a simple strategy to diminish the luminance contrast on the window wall by increasing the luminance of the areas surrounding the windows using supplementary light emitting diode (LED) systems. To test the hypothesis, this investigation will involve three experiments in different office layouts with various window types and orientations in Brisbane, Australia. It will assess user preferences for different luminance patterns in windowed offices featuring flexible, lowpower LED lighting installations that allows multiple lighting design options on the window wall. Detailed luminance and illuminance measures will be used to match quantitative lighting design assessment to user preferences.

Integrating grazing and forage systems on marginal cropping lands

Planned grazing systems are being introduced to beef cattle enterprises across the marginal cropping lands of Queensland, as they are on more extensive grazing properties. Systems range from continuous grazing with opportunistic summer rest periods to cell systems with more than 60 paddocks. The aim of planned grazing is to increase production, improve sustainability and increase economic viability from both the pastured and cropping lands of a property. Managing the more intensive grazing systems on native or sown pastures with strategic summer and winter forage crops is a challenge under the variable rainfall conditions. Under favourable conditions, integrating summer and winter crops with summer-growing grass-based pastures offers a wider range of options for breeding, finishing and marketing cattle. The integration of pasture grazing systems with opportunistic forage cropping systems on marginal cropping lands is discussed, and a current research project assessing grazing systems is described.