966 resultados para INSTRUMENTS
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[Vente (Art). 1832-03-09. Paris]
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Experiential Learning Instruments (ELls) are employed to modify the leamer's apprehension and / or comprehension in experiential learning situations, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of those modalities in the learning process. They involve the learner in reciprocally interactive and determining transactions with his/her environment. Experiential Learning Instruments are used to keep experiential learning a process rather than an object. Their use is aimed at the continual refinement of the learner's knowledge and skill. Learning happens as the leamer's awareness, directed by the use of Ells, comes to experience, monitor and then use experiential feedback from living situations in a way that facilitates knmvledge/skill acquisition, self-correction and refinement. The thesis examined the literature relevant to the establishing of a theoretical experiential learning framework within which ELls can be understood. This framework included the concept that some learnings have intrinsic value-knowledge of necessary information-while others have instrumental value-knowledge of how to learn. The Kolb Learning Cycle and Kolb's six characteristics of experiential learning were used in analyzing three ELls from different fields of learning-saxophone tone production, body building and interpersonal communications. The ELls were examined to determine their learning objectives and how they work using experiential learning situations. It was noted that ELls do not transmit information but assist the learner in attending to and comprehending aspects of personal experience. Their function is to telescope the experiential learning process.
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List of instruments which are the property of Port Dalhousie and Thorold Railway in the possession of F. Laler. This document is signed by S.D. Woodruff, Dec. 4, 1856.
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It is well known that standard asymptotic theory is not valid or is extremely unreliable in models with identification problems or weak instruments [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Staiger and Stock (1997, Econometrica), Wang and Zivot (1998, Econometrica), Stock and Wright (2000, Econometrica), Dufour and Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. One possible way out consists here in using a variant of the Anderson-Rubin (1949, Ann. Math. Stat.) procedure. The latter, however, allows one to build exact tests and confidence sets only for the full vector of the coefficients of the endogenous explanatory variables in a structural equation, which in general does not allow for individual coefficients. This problem may in principle be overcome by using projection techniques [Dufour (1997, Econometrica), Dufour and Jasiak (2001, International Economic Review)]. AR-types are emphasized because they are robust to both weak instruments and instrument exclusion. However, these techniques can be implemented only by using costly numerical techniques. In this paper, we provide a complete analytic solution to the problem of building projection-based confidence sets from Anderson-Rubin-type confidence sets. The latter involves the geometric properties of quadrics and can be viewed as an extension of usual confidence intervals and ellipsoids. Only least squares techniques are required for building the confidence intervals. We also study by simulation how conservative projection-based confidence sets are. Finally, we illustrate the methods proposed by applying them to three different examples: the relationship between trade and growth in a cross-section of countries, returns to education, and a study of production functions in the U.S. economy.
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We discuss statistical inference problems associated with identification and testability in econometrics, and we emphasize the common nature of the two issues. After reviewing the relevant statistical notions, we consider in turn inference in nonparametric models and recent developments on weakly identified models (or weak instruments). We point out that many hypotheses, for which test procedures are commonly proposed, are not testable at all, while some frequently used econometric methods are fundamentally inappropriate for the models considered. Such situations lead to ill-defined statistical problems and are often associated with a misguided use of asymptotic distributional results. Concerning nonparametric hypotheses, we discuss three basic problems for which such difficulties occur: (1) testing a mean (or a moment) under (too) weak distributional assumptions; (2) inference under heteroskedasticity of unknown form; (3) inference in dynamic models with an unlimited number of parameters. Concerning weakly identified models, we stress that valid inference should be based on proper pivotal functions a condition not satisfied by standard Wald-type methods based on standard errors and we discuss recent developments in this field, mainly from the viewpoint of building valid tests and confidence sets. The techniques discussed include alternative proposed statistics, bounds, projection, split-sampling, conditioning, Monte Carlo tests. The possibility of deriving a finite-sample distributional theory, robustness to the presence of weak instruments, and robustness to the specification of a model for endogenous explanatory variables are stressed as important criteria assessing alternative procedures.
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La version intgrale de ce[te] mmoire [thse] est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle la Bibliothque de musique de lUniversit de Montral (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).
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Thse numrise par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Universit de Montral
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Lintrt principal de lanalyse du cadre des investissements miniers et ptroliers chinois en Afrique est la dtermination du chantier juridique rsultant de la cohabitation de deux cultures juridiques en vue de lmergence dune lex mercatoria dans les investissements sino-africains. Elle comprend deux parties principales. Dabord, ltude se penche sur lorigine des fonds chinois investis sur le continent africain qui sont les fonds souverains. La problmatique des fonds souverains est celle de savoir sil sagit dinstruments politiques ou financiers. Nanmoins, cette inquitude ne freine pas la force oprationnelle grandissante des fonds souverains chinois sur le continent africain. Rentrant dans lencadrement et le contenu du contrat proprement dit, lanalyse des figures contractuelles usites dans lindustrie ptrolire et minire sino-africaine sparment dans les contextes chinois et africains rvle linadquation des contrats et de la lgislation africaine aux besoins conomiques et technologiques du continent. En outre, lexamen particulier des clauses de choix de la loi applicable et de rglement des diffrends dans les contextes chinois et africain permet de soulever quelques options possibles pour le contexte sino-africain. Ensuite, lanalyse se penche sur les mcanismes mis en place pour favoriser les investissements chinois miniers et ptroliers sur le continent africain avant de relever les consquences dans les domaines sociaux et environnementaux desdits investissements. Il ressort donc que des avantages fiscaux et douaniers sont mis en place en faveur des investissements chinois en Afrique ainsi que des traits bilatraux signs entre la Chine et de nombreux pays africains. Cependant, sur le plan social, lon sinterroge sur la place accorde la lutte contre la corruption et la promotion de la transparence dans lindustrie extractive africaine avec ses relations avec la Chine. Lon constate galement que labsence de transfert de technologie influe ngativement sur le dveloppement conomique et technologique, la concurrence et lemploi local du pays hte. De mme, la protection de lenvironnement dans le contexte sino-africain semble tre relgue au dernier plan. Lenvironnement africain court donc le risque de connatre une crise comme celle de la chine cause par lindustrialisation du pays. La socit civile nous apparat donc au regard de ces effets peu glorieux des investissements chinois en Afrique dans les domaines miniers et ptroliers comme une troisime partie de cette relation qui devra tre la mdiatrice ou rgulatrice entre les deux autres.
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Cette thse croise les concepts de planification, de gouvernance et de transit-oriented development (TOD) par une tude de la production, de la mise en dbat et de l'adoption du plan mtropolitain d'amnagement et de dveloppement (PMAD) de la Communaut mtropolitaine de Montral (CMM). Elle expose les resultats de quatre annes de recherche qualitative sur les impacts de l'pisode du PMAD et de la stratgie TOD de la CMM sur les pratiques planificatrices et les processus dcisionnels du Grand Montral l'chelle mtropolitaine. Elle rvle que la planification mtropolitaine et l'objectif de coordination du transport et de l'amnagement en gnral ainsi que le PMAD et le concept de TOD en particulier y sont des instruments de gouvernance. Les chapitres 2, 3 et 4 prsentent la problmatique, le terrain d'enqute et la dmarche mthodologique de cette recherche. Le chapitre 5 relate l'pisode du PMAD en analysant son contenu, les procdures par lesquelles la CMM l'a produit, mis en dbat et adopt, les ractions des parties prenantes de la rgion quant ces aspects et la faon dont elles comptent assurer le suivi de sa mise en uvre. Le chapitre 6 illustre comment cet pisode a fait du PMAD un instrument de gouvernance pour le Grand Montral en dcortiquant le rle de la participation publique, des mdias, des acteurs des milieux rgional et local, des lus, de la CMM et de la socit civile de la rgion au sein de ce processus de changement de registre de la planification et de la gouvernance les dployant sur des bases plus stratgiques et collaboratives. Le chapitre 7 montre que cet pisode a aussi fait du TOD un instrument de gouvernance pour le Grand Montral en dtaillant les tenants et aboutissants du processus d'appropriation, de marchand(is)age et d'instrumentalisation du concept par les lites politiques et techniques des fins de marketing territorial et de construction de capital politique ouvrant la voie la stabilisation d'une gouvernance en matire d'amnagement mtropolitain. Il se dgage de cette thse que ces profondes transformations que subissent actuellement la planification et la gouvernance exacerbent le caractre symbiotique de la relation qui les unit.
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Department of Applied Economics,Cochin University of Science and Technology
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In this paper we investigate the optimal choice of prices and/or exams by universities in the presence of credit constraints. We first compare the optimal behavior of a public, welfare maximizing, monopoly and a private, profit maximizing, monopoly. Then we model competition between a public and a private institution and investigate the new role of exams/prices in this environment. We find that, under certain circumstances, the public university may have an interest to raise tuition fees from minimum levels if it cares for global welfare. This will be the case provided that (i) the private institution has higher quality and uses only prices to select applicants, or (ii) the private institution has lower quality and uses also exams to select students. When this is the case, there are efficiency grounds for raising public prices
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The paper discusses maintenance challenges of organisations with a huge number of devices and proposes the use of probabilistic models to assist monitoring and maintenance planning. The proposal assumes connectivity of instruments to report relevant features for monitoring. Also, the existence of enough historical registers with diagnosed breakdowns is required to make probabilistic models reliable and useful for predictive maintenance strategies based on them. Regular Markov models based on estimated failure and repair rates are proposed to calculate the availability of the instruments and Dynamic Bayesian Networks are proposed to model cause-effect relationships to trigger predictive maintenance services based on the influence between observed features and previously documented diagnostics
