L'exigence de coopération dans les contrats internationaux de franchise

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Reproducibility and validity of video screen measurements of gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy

PURPOSE: To determine the reproducibility and validity of video screen measurement (VSM) of sagittal plane joint angles during gait. METHODS: 17 children with spastic cerebral palsy walked on a 10m walkway. Videos were recorded and 3d-instrumented gait analysis was performed. Two investigators measured six sagittal joint/segment angles (shank, ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and trunk) using a custom-made software package. The intra- and interrater reproducibility were expressed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurements (SEM) and smallest detectable difference (SDD). The agreement between VSM and 3d joint angles was illustrated by Bland-Altman plots and limits of agreement (LoA). RESULTS: Regarding the intrarater reproducibility of VSM, the ICC ranged from 0.99 (shank) to 0.58 (trunk), the SEM from 0.81 degrees (shank) to 5.97 degrees (trunk) and the SDD from 1.80 degrees (shank) to 16.55 degrees (trunk). Regarding the interrater reproducibility, the ICC ranged from 0.99 (shank) to 0.48 (trunk), the SEM from 0.70 degrees (shank) to 6.78 degrees (trunk) and the SDD from 1.95 degrees (shank) to 18.8 degrees (trunk). The LoA between VSM and 3d data ranged from 0.4+/-13.4 degrees (knee extension stance) to 12.0+/-14.6 degrees (ankle dorsiflexion swing). CONCLUSION: When performed by the same observer, VSM mostly allows the detection of relevant changes after an intervention. However, VSM angles differ from 3d-IGA and do not reflect the real sagittal joint position, probably due to the additional movements in the other planes.

Comparison of near visual acuity and reading metrics in presbyopia correction

PURPOSE: To provide a consistent standard for the evaluation of different types of presbyopic correction. SETTING: Eye Clinic, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. METHODS: Presbyopic corrections examined were accommodating intraocular lenses (IOLs), simultaneous multifocal and monovision contact lenses, and varifocal spectacles. Binocular near visual acuity measured with different optotypes (uppercase letters, lowercase letters, and words) and reading metrics assessed with the Minnesota Near Reading chart (reading acuity, critical print size [CPS], CPS reading speed) were intercorrelated (Pearson product moment correlations) and assessed for concordance (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC]) and agreement (Bland-Altman analysis) for indication of clinical usefulness. RESULTS: Nineteen accommodating IOL cases, 40 simultaneous contact lens cases, and 38 varifocal spectacle cases were evaluated. Other than CPS reading speed, all near visual acuity and reading metrics correlated well with each other (r>0.70, P<.001). Near visual acuity measured with uppercase letters was highly concordant (ICC, 0.78) and in close agreement with lowercase letters (+/- 0.17 logMAR). Near word acuity agreed well with reading acuity (+/- 0.16 logMAR), which in turn agreed well with near visual acuity measured with uppercase letters 0.16 logMAR). Concordance (ICC, 0.18 to 0.46) and agreement (+/- 0.24 to 0.30 logMAR) of CPS with the other near metrics was moderate. CONCLUSION: Measurement of near visual ability in presbyopia should be standardized to include assessment of near visual acuity with logMAR uppercase-letter optotypes, smallest logMAR print size that maintains maximum reading speed (CPS), and reading speed. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35:1401-1409 (C) 2009 ASCRS and ESCRS

University of Glasgow (qirdcsuog) at TREC Crowdsourcing 2011 : TurkRank-network-based worker ranking in crowdsourcing

For TREC Crowdsourcing 2011 (Stage 2) we propose a networkbased approach for assigning an indicative measure of worker trustworthiness in crowdsourced labelling tasks. Workers, the gold standard and worker/gold standard agreements are modelled as a network. For the purpose of worker trustworthiness assignment, a variant of the PageRank algorithm, named TurkRank, is used to adaptively combine evidence that suggests worker trustworthiness, i.e., agreement with other trustworthy co-workers and agreement with the gold standard. A single parameter controls the importance of co-worker agreement versus gold standard agreement. The TurkRank score calculated for each worker is incorporated with a worker-weighted mean label aggregation.

Concordância nominal de número na fala infantil : análise variacionista

Este trabalho tem como proposta investigar aspectos relacionados à concordância nominal de número na fala de crianças monolíngües no português do Brasil. O parâmetro analítico segue as descrições sobre o fenômeno na fala adulta, sob o arcabouço da Sociolingüística Quantitativa. Dessa forma, a investigação que aqui se apresenta estrutura-se tanto em aspectos lingüísticos quanto sociais. Nosso objetivo é observar, se tal como na fala adulta, a concordância nominal de número caracteriza-se como uma regra variável na fala infantil. Nossa análise organiza-se em dois momentos. O primeiro, denominado análise atomística, focaliza as motivações estruturais do sistema lingüístico condicionantes da presença da marca formal de plural em cada constituinte sintagmático. A segunda parte, denominada análise não atomística, analisa o sintagma nominal como um todo e averigua os condicionamentos extralingüísticos no que diz respeito à produção de SNs plurais padrão e não-padrão na fala da criança, nos termos estipulados pela norma gramatical. Para tal propósito, tomamos para análise quatro coletas transversais de crianças, recobrindo um período etário dos quatro aos oito anos de idade. De modo geral, os resultados encontrados sugerem um comportamento verbal semelhante ao dos adultos, embora muitos dos fatores discutidos não tenham significância estatística, conforme a análise realizada com o pacote de programas estatístico VARBRUL.

Valeur diagnostique des micro-éveils autonomiques comme substitut aux éveils cérébraux dans l'apnée du sommeil

Les troubles respiratoires du sommeil ont une prévalence élevée dans la population générale, l’apnée obstructive du sommeil étant le plus important de ces troubles. Malgré tout, une grande proportion des patients avec apnée ne sont pas diagnostiqués. La méthode la plus complète pour diagnostiquer l’apnée est l’enregistrement d’une nuit de sommeil par polysomnographie, aussi appelée enregistrement de type 1, qui est un processus long et coûteux. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, des appareils d’enregistrements portables (ou de type 3) ont été développés. Toutefois, ces enregistrements de type 3 ne capturent pas l’activité cérébrale, mesurée avec l’électroencéphalographie (EEG). Le présent mémoire décrit une étude comparative entre les enregistrements de type 1 et de type 3. Tous les événements respiratoires d’apnée, d’hypopnée et d’éveils liés à un effort respiratoire (RERA, en anglais) seront analysés ainsi que les éveils cérébraux (ou éveils EEG) et les éveils autonomiques. Ces éveils autonomiques se définissent par une hausse de la fréquence cardiaque suite à un événement respiratoire. Pour enrichir les analyses, les variables respiratoires suivantes ont été étudiées : une chute de la saturation en oxygène de 4 % (ODI), l’index d’apnée-hypopnée (IAH), l’indice de perturbations respiratoires avec apnées + hypopnées + RERAs et les éveils EEG (RDIe, en anglais) et le RDI incluant les éveils autonomiques définis par une augmentation de la fréquence cardiaque de 5 bpm (RDIa5). L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la proportion d’événements respiratoires avec éveils autonomiques ainsi que leur impact sur le RDI des enregistrements de type 1 et 3. L’hypothèse suggère que les événements avec éveils autonomiques auraient un plus grand impact sur le RDI des enregistrements de type 3 contrairement au type 1. Cette étude inclut 72 sujets ayant suivi un enregistrement de polysomnographie complète de type 1 ainsi que 79 sujets différents ayant suivi un enregistrement ambulatoire de type 3. Les analyses suivantes ont été effectuées : 1) les pourcentages d’événements associés avec seulement des éveils autonomiques dans les enregistrements de type 1 et de type 3 ; 2) les fréquences de migration entre les catégories basses et élevées de sévérité de l’AHI en prenant en compte les événements associés avec seulement des éveils autonomiques ; 3) les Bland-Altman (B-A) pour mesurer l’accord entre l’AHI, le RDIe et le RDIa5 (type 1), et entre l’AHI et le RDIa5 (type 3) et ; 4) les corrélations de Pearson et les coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) pour mesurer l’accord entre l’AHI, le RDIe et le RDIa5 (type 1), et entre l’AHI et le RDIa5 (type 3). L’utilisation du critère de RDIa5 permet d’ajouter 49 % d’événements comptés avec l’AHI pour les enregistrements de type 1, et 51 % d’événements pour ceux de type 3. La présente étude montre que les éveils autonomiques ont un impact similaire autant pour le RDI des enregistrements de type 3 que de type 1. En conclusion, on peut affirmer que le RDIa5 est acceptable et fiable pour les enregistrements de type 3.

Valeur diagnostique des micro-éveils autonomiques comme substitut aux éveils cérébraux dans l'apnée du sommeil

Les troubles respiratoires du sommeil ont une prévalence élevée dans la population générale, l’apnée obstructive du sommeil étant le plus important de ces troubles. Malgré tout, une grande proportion des patients avec apnée ne sont pas diagnostiqués. La méthode la plus complète pour diagnostiquer l’apnée est l’enregistrement d’une nuit de sommeil par polysomnographie, aussi appelée enregistrement de type 1, qui est un processus long et coûteux. Pour surmonter ces difficultés, des appareils d’enregistrements portables (ou de type 3) ont été développés. Toutefois, ces enregistrements de type 3 ne capturent pas l’activité cérébrale, mesurée avec l’électroencéphalographie (EEG). Le présent mémoire décrit une étude comparative entre les enregistrements de type 1 et de type 3. Tous les événements respiratoires d’apnée, d’hypopnée et d’éveils liés à un effort respiratoire (RERA, en anglais) seront analysés ainsi que les éveils cérébraux (ou éveils EEG) et les éveils autonomiques. Ces éveils autonomiques se définissent par une hausse de la fréquence cardiaque suite à un événement respiratoire. Pour enrichir les analyses, les variables respiratoires suivantes ont été étudiées : une chute de la saturation en oxygène de 4 % (ODI), l’index d’apnée-hypopnée (IAH), l’indice de perturbations respiratoires avec apnées + hypopnées + RERAs et les éveils EEG (RDIe, en anglais) et le RDI incluant les éveils autonomiques définis par une augmentation de la fréquence cardiaque de 5 bpm (RDIa5). L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la proportion d’événements respiratoires avec éveils autonomiques ainsi que leur impact sur le RDI des enregistrements de type 1 et 3. L’hypothèse suggère que les événements avec éveils autonomiques auraient un plus grand impact sur le RDI des enregistrements de type 3 contrairement au type 1. Cette étude inclut 72 sujets ayant suivi un enregistrement de polysomnographie complète de type 1 ainsi que 79 sujets différents ayant suivi un enregistrement ambulatoire de type 3. Les analyses suivantes ont été effectuées : 1) les pourcentages d’événements associés avec seulement des éveils autonomiques dans les enregistrements de type 1 et de type 3 ; 2) les fréquences de migration entre les catégories basses et élevées de sévérité de l’AHI en prenant en compte les événements associés avec seulement des éveils autonomiques ; 3) les Bland-Altman (B-A) pour mesurer l’accord entre l’AHI, le RDIe et le RDIa5 (type 1), et entre l’AHI et le RDIa5 (type 3) et ; 4) les corrélations de Pearson et les coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) pour mesurer l’accord entre l’AHI, le RDIe et le RDIa5 (type 1), et entre l’AHI et le RDIa5 (type 3). L’utilisation du critère de RDIa5 permet d’ajouter 49 % d’événements comptés avec l’AHI pour les enregistrements de type 1, et 51 % d’événements pour ceux de type 3. La présente étude montre que les éveils autonomiques ont un impact similaire autant pour le RDI des enregistrements de type 3 que de type 1. En conclusion, on peut affirmer que le RDIa5 est acceptable et fiable pour les enregistrements de type 3.

Delineation of vertebral area on the coronal plane using three-dimensional ultrasonography advanced volume contrast imaging (VCI) Omni view: intrarater reliability and agreement using standard mouse, high definition mouse, and pen-tablet

Objective: To assess the fetal lumbosacral spine by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography using volume contrast imaging (VCI) omni view method and compare reproducibility and agreement between three different measurement techniques: standard mouse, high definition mouse and pen-tablet. Methods: A comparative and prospective study with 40 pregnant women between 20 and 34+6 weeks was realized. 3D volume datasets of the fetal spine were acquired using a convex transabdominal transducer. Starting scan plane was the coronal section of fetal lumbosacral spine by VCI-C function. Omni view manual trace was selected and a parallel plane of fetal spine was drawn including interest region. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for reproducibility analysis. The relative difference between three used techniques was compared by chi-square test and Fischer test. Results: Pen-tablet showed better reliability (ICC = 0.987). In the relative proportion of differences, this was significantly higher for the pen-tablet (82.14%; p < 0.01). In paired comparison, the relative difference was significantly greater for the pen-tablet (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The pen-tablet showed to be the most reproductive and concordant method in the measurement of body vertebral area of fetal lumbosacral spine by 3D ultrasonography using the VCI.

Certificateless key agreement in the standard model

We show how to construct a certificateless key agreement protocol from the certificateless key encapsulation mechanism introduced by \cite{lippold-ICISC_2009} in ICISC 2009 using the \cite{DBLP:conf/acisp/BoydCNP08} protocol from ACISP 2008. We introduce the Canetti-Krawczyk (CK) model for certificateless cryptography, give security notions for Type I and Type II adversaries in the CK model, and highlight the differences to the existing e$^2$CK model discussed by \cite{DBLP:conf/pairing/LippoldBN09}. The resulting CK model is more relaxed thus giving more power to the adversary than the original CK model.

Scientific writing: a randomized controlled trial comparing standard and on-line instruction.

BACKGROUND: Writing plays a central role in the communication of scientific ideas and is therefore a key aspect in researcher education, ultimately determining the success and long-term sustainability of their careers. Despite the growing popularity of e-learning, we are not aware of any existing study comparing on-line vs. traditional classroom-based methods for teaching scientific writing. METHODS: Forty eight participants from a medical, nursing and physiotherapy background from US and Brazil were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 24 per group): An on-line writing workshop group (on-line group), in which participants used virtual communication, google docs and standard writing templates, and a standard writing guidance training (standard group) where participants received standard instruction without the aid of virtual communication and writing templates. Two outcomes, manuscript quality was assessed using the scores obtained in Six subgroup analysis scale as the primary outcome measure, and satisfaction scores with Likert scale were evaluated. To control for observer variability, inter-observer reliability was assessed using Fleiss's kappa. A post-hoc analysis comparing rates of communication between mentors and participants was performed. Nonparametric tests were used to assess intervention efficacy. RESULTS: Excellent inter-observer reliability among three reviewers was found, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) agreement = 0.931882 and ICC consistency = 0.932485. On-line group had better overall manuscript quality (p = 0.0017, SSQSavg score 75.3 +/- 14.21, ranging from 37 to 94) compared to the standard group (47.27 +/- 14.64, ranging from 20 to 72). Participant satisfaction was higher in the on-line group (4.3 +/- 0.73) compared to the standard group (3.09 +/- 1.11) (p = 0.001). The standard group also had fewer communication events compared to the on-line group (0.91 +/- 0.81 vs. 2.05 +/- 1.23; p = 0.0219). CONCLUSION: Our protocol for on-line scientific writing instruction is better than standard face-to-face instruction in terms of writing quality and student satisfaction. Future studies should evaluate the protocol efficacy in larger longitudinal cohorts involving participants from different languages.

Classified information nondisclosure agreement (standard form 312) : briefing booklet.

Shipping list no.: 89-380-P.

Technical note : modelling a complex micro-multileaf collimator using the standard BEAMnrc distribution

Purpose: The component modules in the standard BEAMnrc distribution may appear to be insufficient to model micro-multileaf collimators that have tri-faceted leaf ends and complex leaf profiles. This note indicates, however, that accurate Monte Carlo simulations of radiotherapy beams defined by a complex collimation device can be completed using BEAMnrc's standard VARMLC component module.---------- Methods: That this simple collimator model can produce spatially and dosimetrically accurate micro-collimated fields is illustrated using comparisons with ion chamber and film measurements of the dose deposited by square and irregular fields incident on planar, homogeneous water phantoms.---------- Results: Monte Carlo dose calculations for on- and off-axis fields are shown to produce good agreement with experimental values, even upon close examination of the penumbrae.--------- Conclusions: The use of a VARMLC model of the micro-multileaf collimator, along with a commissioned model of the associated linear accelerator, is therefore recommended as an alternative to the development or use of in-house or third-party component modules for simulating stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery treatments. Simulation parameters for the VARMLC model are provided which should allow other researchers to adapt and use this model to study clinical stereotactic radiotherapy treatments.

Evidence of disagreement between patient-perceived change and conventional longitudinal evaluation of change in health-related quality of life among older adults

Objective: To identify agreement levels between conventional longitudinal evaluation of change (post–pre) and patient-perceived change (post–then test) in health-related quality of life. Design: A prospective cohort investigation with two assessment points (baseline and six-month follow-up) was implemented. Setting: Community rehabilitation setting. Subjects: Frail older adults accessing community-based rehabilitation services. Intervention: Nil as part of this investigation. Main measures: Conventional longitudinal change in health-related quality of life was considered the difference between standard EQ-5D assessments completed at baseline and follow-up. To evaluate patient-perceived change a ‘then test’ was also completed at the follow-up assessment. This required participants to report (from their current perspective) how they believe their health-related quality of life was at baseline (using the EQ-5D). Patient-perceived change was considered the difference between ‘then test’ and standard follow-up EQ-5D assessments. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 78.8 (7.3). Of the 70 participants 62 (89%) of data sets were complete and included in analysis. Agreement between conventional (post–pre) and patient-perceived (post–then test) change was low to moderate (EQ-5D utility intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)¼0.41, EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) ICC¼0.21). Neither approach inferred greater change than the other (utility P¼0.925, VAS P¼0.506). Mean (95% confidence interval (CI)) conventional change in EQ-5D utility and VAS were 0.140 (0.045,0.236) and 8.8 (3.3,14.3) respectively, while patient-perceived change was 0.147 (0.055,0.238) and 6.4 (1.7,11.1) respectively. Conclusions: Substantial disagreement exists between conventional longitudinal evaluation of change in health-related quality of life and patient-perceived change in health-related quality of life (as measured using a then test) within individuals.

Visualization of thermal characteristics around the absorber tube of a standard parabolic trough thermal collector by 3D simulation

Three dimensional conjugate heat transfer simulation of a standard parabolic trough thermal collector receiver is performed numerically in order to visualize and analyze the surface thermal characteristics. The computational model is developed in Ansys Fluent environment based on some simplified assumptions. Three test conditions are selected from the existing literature to verify the numerical model directly, and reasonably good agreement between the model and the test results confirms the reliability of the simulation. Solar radiation flux profile around the tube is also approximated from the literature. An in house macro is written to read the input solar flux as a heat flux wall boundary condition for the tube wall. The numerical results show that there is an abrupt variation in the resultant heat flux along the circumference of the receiver. Consequently, the temperature varies throughout the tube surface. The lower half of the horizontal receiver enjoys the maximum solar flux, and therefore, experiences the maximum temperature rise compared to the upper part with almost leveled temperature. Reasonable attributions and suggestions are made on this particular type of conjugate thermal system. The knowledge that gained so far from this study will be used to further the analysis and to design an efficient concentrator photovoltaic collector in near future.

Agreement between temporal and spatial gait parameters from an instrumented walkway and treadmill system at matched walking speed

Background Commercially available instrumented treadmill systems that provide continuous measures of temporospatial gait parameters have recently become available for clinical gait analysis. This study evaluated the level of agreement between temporospatial gait parameters derived from a new instrumented treadmill, which incorporated a capacitance-based pressure array, with those measured by a conventional instrumented walkway (criterion standard). Methods Temporospatial gait parameters were estimated from 39 healthy adults while walking over an instrumented walkway (GAITRite®) and instrumented treadmill system (Zebris) at matched speed. Differences in temporospatial parameters derived from the two systems were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA models. Pearson-product-moment correlations were used to investigate relationships between variables measured by each system. Agreement was assessed by calculating the bias and 95% limits of agreement. Results All temporospatial parameters measured via the instrumented walkway were significantly different from those obtained from the instrumented treadmill (P < .01). Temporospatial parameters derived from the two systems were highly correlated (r, 0.79–0.95). The 95% limits of agreement for temporal parameters were typically less than ±2% of gait cycle duration. However, 95% limits of agreement for spatial measures were as much as ±5 cm. Conclusions Differences in temporospatial parameters between systems were small but statistically significant and of similar magnitude to changes reported between shod and unshod gait in healthy young adults. Temporospatial parameters derived from an instrumented treadmill, therefore, are not representative of those obtained from an instrumented walkway and should not be interpreted with reference to literature on overground walking.