The Human Figure in Drawing and Sculpture

My project as a Senior Scholar has been the study of the human figure through drawing and sculpture. I have worked directly from the model in order to understand the form and structure of the human body. The result of this concentrated study has been a sharpened sense of vision and an increased confidence in the use of materials for both two and three-dimensional representation.

Beyond the analogon; the "transfer of the referent" : the relationship between the external world experienced through culturally generated perceptual models constructed in the human mind, and the transfer of these images, via visual language, onto referen

Within 20th. Century art, the concept of the ‘normative’ image, as an attribute of things, has been challenged. As a consequence, paintings must now picture the ‘real’ world in other ways, incorporating knowledge and meaning beyond the analogon. Such descriptive representations were revealed as paradigmatic, rather than incontrovertible fact. Dependent on pre-conceived notions of stereotypicality, these descriptive images relied on surface illumination. My thesis explores images of things in the world as culturally inspired and information based. I examine paintings and sculptures of other cultures, such as black African, and other historical periods such as the Medieval, which reveal metonymously the basis for variations in representations of the ‘real’ world. The new enhanced representations which Modern artists created in their work were denigrated as deviant from the absolute ‘normative’ or regarded as distortions for purely mannerist and stylistic reasons. Postmodern research has reassessed them as multiple or extended imagings in whose facture new knowledge and human responses can be incorporated. These new forms of representation can be regarded as theoretical constructs rather than stylised depictions of appearance. In this way referents are transferred through the mind onto objects and vistas in the real world to align with our developed view of the physical world and better our understanding of humanity’s symbiotic relationship with nature.

Figure drawing,

A companion volume to the author's Figure composition. The two volumes were originally published in one volume, under title: Figure drawing and composition.

Introduction à l'étude de la figure humaine /

Title in red and black.

Fonte: corpo, água e luz

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Entre o corpo da obra e o corpo do observador

Pós-graduação em Artes - IA

Les proportions du corps humain = De proportien van het menschlyk ligchaam /

Signatures: A-B⁴. (B4v blank)

New images of man. With statements by the artists.

Errata slip inserted.

Die Kunst und die Gesellschaft. Mit zeeinundertneunzig Abbildungen /

Originally part of his work "Der nackte Mensch in der Kunst aller Zeiten und Völker."

Elémens anatomiques d'ostéologie et de myologie a l'usage des peintres et sculpteurs /

Signatures: A-K⁸.

Reprentation [sic] des diverses figures humaines avec leurs mesures prises sur des antiques = Eigentliche Vorstellung und Proportionen menschlicher Leibes nach dem gerechten Mass der Antiquen.

Captions in French and German, 2 leaves of German text at end, all engraved.

Anatomy and drawing,

Mode of access: Internet.

Hieroglyphic; or, Greek method of life drawing

Mode of access: Internet.

Vorträge über Plastik, Mimik und Drama, mit vierzig Bildern im Text /

Mode of access: Internet.