Identification of Mechanical Parameters in Mathematical Model of Human Abdominal Fascia

Миглена Г. Кирилова-Донева - Едномерен експеримент на релаксация беше извършен с 14 образци от човешка пъпна фасция. Механичното поведение на фасцията по време на релаксация беше моделирано прилагайки нелинейната теория на Максвел-Гуревич-Рабинович. Параметрите на модела за изследваните образци бяха определени и стойностите им бяха сравнени в зависимост от посоката на натоварване на образците по време на експеримента. Установено бе, че стойностите на началния вискозитет ∗η0 и на параметъра ∗m, който се влияе от скоростта на деформация на материала се изменят в много широки граници не само за образци от различни донори, но и за образци от един донор. В резултат от прилагането на модела бе изчислено изменението на вискозитета и вискозната деформация на материала по време на релаксацията. Бе показано, че изменението на вискозитета и вискозната деформация зависи от посоката на натоварване на образците.

Anatomical investigations : comprising descriptions of various fasciae of the human body : the discoveries of the manner in which the pericardium is formed from the superficial fascia : the capsular ligament of the shoulder joint from the brachial fascia : and the capsular ligament of the hip joint from the fascia lata : to which is added an account of some irregularities of structure and morbid anatomy : with a description of a new anatomical table /

Includes A treatise on the minute anatomy of the bones, by Antonio Scarpa; transl. by J.D. Godman.

Mechanical analysis of foot plantar fascia during normal walking condition

Foot plantar fascia is an important foot tissue in stabilizing the longitudinal arch of human foot. Direct measurement to monitor the mechanical situation of plantar fascia at human locomotion is difficult. The purpose of this study was to construct a three-dimensional finite element model of the foot to calculate the internal stress/strain value of plantar fascia during different stage of gait. The simulated stress distribution of plantar fascia was the lowest at heel-strike, which concentrated on the medial side of calcaneal tubercle. The peak stress of plantar fascia was appeared at push-off, and the value is more than 5 times of the heel-strike position. Current FE model was able to explore the plantar fascia tension trend at the main sub-phases of foot. More detailed fascia model and intrinsic muscle forces could be developed in the further study.

Development of the Platysma Muscle and the Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (Human Specimens at 8–17 Weeks of Development)

There is controversy regarding the description of the different regions of the face of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and its relationship with the superficial mimetic muscles. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the platysma muscle and the SMAS in human specimens at 8–17 weeks of development using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we propose to study the relationship of the anlage of the SMAS and the neighbouring superficial mimetic muscles. The facial musculature derives from the mesenchyme of the second arch and migrates towards the different regions of the face while forming premuscular laminae. During the 8th week of development, the cervical, infraorbital, mandibular, and temporal laminae are observed to be on the same plane. The platysma muscle derives from the cervical lamina and its mandibular extension enclosing the lower part of the parotid region and the cheek, while the SMAS derives from the upper region. During the period of development analyzed in this study, we have observed no continuity between the anlage of the SMAS and that of the superficial layer of the temporal fascia and the zygomaticus major muscle. Nor have we observed any structure similar to the SMAS in the labial region.

The Expanded Human Kallikrein (KLK) gene family : genomic organisation, tissue specific expression and potential functions

The tissue kallikreins are serine proteases encoded by highly conserved multigene families. The rodent kallikrein (KLK) families are particularly large, consisting of 13 26 genes clustered in one chromosomal locus. It has been recently recognised that the human KLK gene family is of a similar size (15 genes) with the identification of another 12 related genes (KLK4-KLK15) within and adjacent to the original human KLK locus (KLK1-3) on chromosome 19q13.4. The structural organisation and size of these new genes is similar to that of other KLK genes except for additional exons encoding 5 or 3 untranslated regions. Moreover, many of these genes have multiple mRNA transcripts, a trait not observed with rodent genes. Unlike all other kallikreins, the KLK4-KLK15 encoded proteases are less related (25–44%) and do not contain a conventional kallikrein loop. Clusters of genes exhibit high prostatic (KLK2-4, KLK15) or pancreatic (KLK6-13) expression, suggesting evolutionary conservation of elements conferring tissue specificity. These genes are also expressed, to varying degrees, in a wider range of tissues suggesting a functional involvement of these newer human kallikrein proteases in a diverse range of physiological processes.