Scientific materials blue book; equipment and supplies for chemical, metallurgical and biological laboratories

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Projecte de la intal·lació de calefacció i ACS amb energia solar i caldera de biomassa en un edifici de quatre vivendes.

Projecte de la instal•lació de calefacció i agua calenta utilitzant energia solar tèrmica i ajudant-se d’ una caldera de biomassa en un edifici en construcció situat a Colera (Alt Empordà). Es tracta d’un bloc de quatre vivendes distribuïdes en dues plantes, soterrani i terrassa superior

Projecte d'instal·lacions del Balneari de la Puda de Banyoles

El projecte, té per objectiu el càlcul i disseny de les instal•lacions del Balneari de laPuda, situat a la ciutat de Banyoles, província de Girona.Les instal•lacions estudiades, s’esmenten a continuació;- Instal•lació d’aigua freda sanitària- Instal•lació d’aigua calenta sanitària- Instal•lació de climatització zona hotel- Instal•lació de calefacció zona termal- Climatització i tractament de l’aigua de les piscinesEl Balneari té una superfície construïda total de 6.192,54 m2 , distribuïda en tres plantes;planta soterrani, planta baixa i planta primera

Climatització d'un habitatge mitjançant energia geotèrmica

Aquest projecte té com a objectiu el càlcul, disseny i definició tècnica de la instaŀlació de climatització i obtenció d’aigua calenta sanitària per a un habitatge unifamiliar de nova construcció amb tres plantes i sota coberta, situat a la població d’Argentona. Per tal de complir els requeriments del Codi Tècnic de l’Edificació (CTE) en matèria d’eficiència energètica, la font energètica que farem servir per a dur a terme aquest projecte serà un sistema de captació geotèrmica de baixa temperatura que basa la seva aplicació en la capacitat que té el subsòl de mantenir una temperatura constant a partir de certa profunditat, a diferència del que succeeix a la superfície, on la temperatura ambient varia significativament al llarg de tot l’any. El nostre sistema geotèrmic aprofita la constància d’aquesta temperatura mitjançant una bomba de calor i un sistema de captació

Projecte de la intal·lació de calefacció i ACS amb energia solar i caldera de biomassa en un edifici de quatre vivendes.

Projecte de la instal•lació de calefacció i agua calenta utilitzant energia solar tèrmica i ajudant-se d’ una caldera de biomassa en un edifici en construcció situat a Colera (Alt Empordà). Es tracta d’un bloc de quatre vivendes distribuïdes en dues plantes, soterrani i terrassa superior

Seasonality and Temperature:Turtles in Hot Water?

Variation in temperature affects the biology of sea turtles at a range of scales. To elucidate the drivers of seasonality of nesting and duration of season, databases across four species of sea turtles (Caretta caretta n=37, Chelonia mydas n=64, Dermochelys coriacea n=44 and Eretmochelys imbricata n=36) at a global scale were created. By using remotely sensed sea surface temperature data, thermal profiles across the nesting season were generated. Duration of nesting season was correlated with latitude in all species but was more tightly coupled with temperature; seasons were significantly longer with increased mean SST. In general, nesting seasonality occurred at warmest time of the year. SST for the month before, month after and the month of peak nesting significantly affected the month of peak nesting.

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Larix laricina du Roi, and antidiabetic potentials of ethanol and hot water extracts of seventeen medicinal plants from the traditional pharmacopeia of the James Bay Cree

Nous avons utilisé une approche ethnobotanique pour identifier des espèces de plantes utilisées par les Cris afin de traiter les symptômes du diabète de type 2. Larix laricina du Roi (L. laricina) a récemment été identifiée comme une des meilleures plantes qui a stimulé le transport de glucose dans les cellules C2C12 et fortement potentialisé la différenciation des 3T3-L1 en indiquant une sensibilité potentiellement accrue à l’insuline. Ensuite, ces études de criblage ont été effectuées sur des extraits éthanolique (EE) en utilisant une série de bioessais in vitro. Cependant, les préparations traditionnelles des plantes sont souvent faites avec l’eau chaude. Le but de cette thèse de doctorat était d’isoler les principes actifs de L. laricina par un fractionnement guidé par l’adipogenèse; d’évaluer et de comparer l’activité et les mécanismes antidiabétiques des EE et des extraits aqueux (HWE) de ces 17 plantes. Pour le fractionnement de L. laricina, on a isolé plusieurs composés connus et identifié un nouveau composé actif cycloartane triterpene, qui a amélioré fortement l’adipogenèse et a été responsable en partie de l’activité adipogénique (potentiellement similaire à l’effet sensibilisateur à l’insuline des glitazone) de l’extrait éthanolique issu de l’écorce de L. laricina. Pour le métabolisme lipidique, nos résultats ont confirmé que 10 parmi les 17 EE ont augmenté la différenciation des adipocytes alors que 2 extraits seulement l’ont inhibée. Les HWE ont montré une faible activité adipogénique ou antiadipogénique. Les EE de R. groenlandicum et K. angustifolia ont le PPAR γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ), le SREBP-1 (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1) et le C/EBP (CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins) α, alors que ceux de P. balsamifera et A. incana les ont inhibés. L’effet inhibiteur de P. balsamifera a également été prouvé d’avoir impliqué l’activation de la protéine kinase activée par l’AMP (AMPK). Les EE et HWE de R. groenlandicum ont stimulé les mêmes facteurs de transcription alors que les extraits aqueux d’autres plantes sélectionnées ont perdu ces effets en comparaison avec leurs extraits éthanoliques respectifs. L’analyse phytochimique a également identifié le groupe des espèces actives et inactives, notamment lorsque les espèces ont été séparées par famille de plante. Finalement concernant l’homéostasie de glucose, nos résultats ont confirmé que plusieurs EE ont stimulé le transport de glucose musculaire et inhibé l’activité de la glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) hépatique. Certains des HWE ont partiellement ou complètement perdu ces activités antidiabétiques par rapport aux EE, tandis qu’une seule plante (R.groenlandicum) a juste conservé un potentiel similaire entre les EE et HWE dans les deux essais. Dans les cellules musculaires, les EE de R.groenlandicum, A. incana et S. purpurea ont stimulé le transport de glucose en activant la voie de signalisation de l’AMPK et en augmentant le niveau d’expression des GLUT4. En comparaison avec les EE, les HWE de R.groenlandicum ont montré des activités similaires; les HWE de A. incana ont complètement perdu leur effet sur tous les paramètres étudiés; les HWE de S. purpurea ont activé la voie de l’insuline au lieu de celle de l’AMPK pour augmenter le transport de glucose. Dans les cellules H4IIE, les EE et HWE des 5 plantes ont activé la voie de l’AMPK, et en plus les EE et HWE de 2 plantes ont activé la voie de l’insuline. La quercétine-3-O-galactoside et la quercétine 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside ont été identifiées comme des composés ayant un fort potentiel antidiabétique et donc responsables de l'activité biologique des plantes HWE actifs avec le transport du glucose. En conclusion, on a isolé plusieurs composés connus et identifié un nouveau triterpène actif à partir du fractionnement de L. laricina. Nous avons fourni également une preuve directe pour l'évaluation et la comparaison d'une action analogue à l'insuline ou insulino-sensibilisateur des EE et HWE de plantes médicinales Cris au niveau de muscle, de foie et de tissus adipeux. Une partie de leur action peut être liée à la stimulation des voies de signalisation intracellulaire insulino-dépendante et non-insulino-dépendante, ainsi que l’activation de PPARγ. Nos résultats indiquent que les espèces de plantes, les tissus ou les cellules cibles, ainsi que les méthodes d'extraction sont tous des déterminants significatifs de l'activité biologique de plantes médicinales Cris sur le métabolisme glucidique et lipidique.

Space heating and hot water demand analysis of dwellings connected to district heating scheme in UK

To achieve CO2 emissions reductions the UK Building Regulations require developers of new residential buildings to calculate expected CO2 emissions arising from their energy consumption using a methodology such as Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP 2005) or, more recently SAP 2009. SAP encompasses all domestic heat consumption and a limited proportion of the electricity consumption. However, these calculations are rarely verified with real energy consumption and related CO2 emissions. This paper presents the results of an analysis based on weekly head demand data for more than 200 individual flats. The data is collected from recently built residential development connected to a district heating network. A methodology for separating out the domestic hot water use (DHW) and space heating demand (SH) has been developed and compares measured values to the demand calculated using SAP 2005 and 2009 methodologies. The analysis shows also the variance in DHW and SH consumption between both size of the flats and tenure (privately owned or housing association). Evaluation of the space heating consumption includes also an estimation of the heating degree day (HDD) base temperature for each block of flats and its comparison to the average base temperature calculated using the SAP 2005 methodology.

Electricity, hot water and cold water production from biomass. Energetic and economical analysis of the compact system of cogeneration run with woodgas from a small downdraft gasifier

Wood gasification technologies to convert the biomass into fuel gas stand out. on the other hand, producing electrical energy from stationary engine is widely spread, and its application in rural communities where the electrical network doesn't exist is very required. The recovery of exhaust gases (engine) is a possibility that makes the system attractive when compared with the same components used to obtain individual heat such as electric power. This paper presents an energetic alternative to adapt a fixed bed gasifier with a compact cogeneration system in order to cover electrical and thermal demands in a rural area and showing an energy solution for small social communities using renewable fuels. Therefore, an energetic and economical analysis from a cogeneration system producing electric energy, hot and cold water, using wooden gas as fuel from a small-sized gasifier was calculated. The energy balance that includes the energy efficiency (electric generation as well as hot and cold water system; performance coefficient and the heat exchanger, among other items), was calculated. Considering the annual interest rates and the amortization periods, the costs of production of electrical energy, hot and cold water were calculated, taking into account the investment, the operation and the maintenance cost of the equipments. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Postharvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruit influenced by gamma radiation, wax, hot water, and refrigeration

It was aimed to extend the postharvest conservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruits harvested in break maturity stage. Fruits were submitted at the following treatments: hot water treatment (55°C for 5 minutes) and benomyl 1,000 mg.L-1; irradiation with 0,8 or 1,0 kGy; irradiation associated at carnaúba wax; and control. The fruits were stored at 10°C and 85 - 90%RH during 21 days, and then removed to ambient temperature (25,7±0,7°C and 87,1±2,2%RH). Through the storage time, the evolution of fresh weight, color, rottenness, total soluble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), and TSS/TTA ratio were measured. 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruits can have shelf life notably increased, when they were submitted to hot water treatment (55°C for 5 minutes) or γ radiation (0,8 and 1,0 kGy), associated with carnaúba wax application, before cold storage. These treatments increased the fruit resistance at refrigerated storage, and improved shelflife after transferring to ambient temperature.

Domestic hot water consumption vs. solar thermal energy storage: the optimum size of the storage tank

Many efforts have been made in order to adequate the production of a solar thermal collector field to the consumption of domestic hot water of the inhabitants of a building. In that sense, much has been achieved in different domains: research agencies, government policies and manufacturers. However, most of the design rules of the solar plants are based on steady state models, whereas solar irradiance, consumption and thermal accumulation are inherently transient processes. As a result of this lack of physical accuracy, thermal storage tanks are sometimes left to be as large as the designer decides without any aforementioned precise recommendation. This can be a problem if solar thermal systems are meant to be implemented in nowadays buildings, where there is a shortage of space. In addition to that, an excessive storage volume could not result more efficient in many residential applications, but costly, extreme in space consumption and in some cases too heavy. A proprietary transient simulation program has been developed and validated with a detailed measurement campaign in an experimental facility. In situ environmental data have been obtained through a whole year of operation. They have been gathered at intervals of 10 min for a solar plant of 50 m2 with a storage tank of 3 m3, including the equipment for domestic hot water production of a typical apartment building. This program has been used to obtain the design and dimensioning criteria of DHW solar plants under daily transient conditions throughout a year and more specifically the size of the storage tank for a multi storey apartment building. Comparison of the simulation results with the current Spanish regulation applicable, “Código Técnico de la Edificación” (CTE 2006), offers fruitful details and establishes solar facilities dimensioning criteria.

The Modelling of Photovoltaic, Solar Thermal, and Photovoltaic/Thermal Domestic Hot Water Systems

Solar heating of potable water has traditionally been accomplished through the use of solar thermal (ST) collectors. With the recent increases in availability and lower cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, the potential of coupling PV solar arrays to electrically heated domestic hot water (DHW) tanks has been considered. Additionally, innovations in the SDHW industry have led to the creation of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collectors, which heat water using both electrical and thermal energy. The current work compared the performance and cost-effectiveness of a traditional solar thermal (ST) DHW system to PV-solar-electric DHW systems and a PV/T DHW system. To accomplish this, a detailed TRNSYS model of the solar hot water systems was created and annual simulations were performed for 250 L/day and 325 L/day loads in Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, Halifax, and Calgary. It was shown that when considering thermal performance, PV-DHW systems were not competitive when compared to ST-DHW and PVT-DHW systems. As an example, for Toronto the simulated annual solar fractions of PV-DHW systems were approximately 30%, while the ST-DHW and PVT-DHW systems achieved 65% and 71% respectively. With current manufacturing and system costs, the PV-DHW system was the most cost-effective system for domestic purposes. The capital cost of the PV-DHW systems were approximately $1,923-$2,178 depending on the system configuration, and the ST-DHW and PVT system were estimated to have a capital cost of $2,288 and $2,373 respectively. Although the capital cost of the PVT-DHW system was higher than the other systems, a Present Worth analysis for a 20-year period showed that for a 250 L/day load in Toronto the Present Worth of the PV/T system was approximately $4,597, with PV-DHW systems costing approximately $7,683-$7,816 and the ST-DHW system costing $5,238.