Beiträge zur ornithologie Südafrikas. Mit besonderer berücksichtigung der von dr. Holub auf seinen südafrikanischen reisen gesammelten und im Pavillon des amateurs zu Wien ausgestellten arten.

Mode of access: Internet.

Morfologia externa e interna das folhas vegetativas, esporofilos e esporângios de espécies de Huperzia Bernh. (Lycopodiaceae - Pteridophyta) do Brasil

Lycopodiaceae está inserida em Lycopsida, cuja autapomorfia é a presença de folhas microfilas. Foram estudadas 10 espécies, sete delas endêmicas do Brasil: Huperzia christii (Silveira) Holub, H. friburgensis (Nessel) B. Øllg., H. hemleri (Nessel) B. Øllg., H. intermedia Trevis., H. reflexa (Lam.) Trevis. e H. treitubensis (Silveira) B. Øllg., estas terrestres; H. fontinaloides (Spring) Trevis., H. heterocarpon (Fée) Holub, H. hexasticha B. Øllg. & P.G. Windisch e H. quadrifariata (Bory) Rothm., estas epífitas. As características anatômicas encontradas, que podem ser adaptativas ao ambiente com escassez hídrica são a presença de células epidérmicas com paredes anticlinais sinuosas, invaginações na face interna da parede periclinal externa das células epidérmicas e folhas anfiestomáticas. As espécies estudadas foram reunidas em dois grupos, corroborando classificações existentes. Os grupos foram definidos com base nas seguintes características: a filotaxia, se helicoidal ou oposta, a posição das folhas em relação ao caule, se reflexas ou adpressas, e o número de camadas de células do esporângio, se três ou quatro. Foi elaborada uma chave de identificação.

A dense GNSS meteorological network for observing deep convection in the Amazon

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cultivating Dreams - Harvesting Profits, Women In Agriculture 2009

The University of Nebraska!Lincoln Department of Agricultural Economics hosted the 24th Women in Agriculture (WIA) Conference February 26-27, 2009. Over 350 women participated in the event. A majority came from across the great state of Nebraska, but there were a few individuals that made the trip from California, Colorado, North Carolina, Kansas, Iowa and South Dakota. For some women, this was their first time experiencing the conference and for others it was their 24th time. Average attendance among the women was approximately 6.5 times. The main goal of the conference was to heighten the womens’ skills and gain knowledge to take back to their agricultural operations.

Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiments MOHAVE-2009; overview of campaign operations and results

The Measurements of Humidity in the Atmosphere and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE) 2009 campaign took place on 11–27 October 2009 at the JPL Table Mountain Facility in California (TMF). The main objectives of the campaign were to (1) validate the water vapor measurements of several instruments, including, three Raman lidars, two microwave radiometers, two Fourier-Transform spectrometers, and two GPS receivers (column water), (2) cover water vapor measurements from the ground to the mesopause without gaps, and (3) study upper tropospheric humidity variability at timescales varying from a few minutes to several days. A total of 58 radiosondes and 20 Frost-Point hygrometer sondes were launched. Two types of radiosondes were used during the campaign. Non negligible differences in the readings between the two radiosonde types used (Vaisala RS92 and InterMet iMet-1) made a small, but measurable impact on the derivation of water vapor mixing ratio by the Frost-Point hygrometers. As observed in previous campaigns, the RS92 humidity measurements remained within 5% of the Frost-point in the lower and mid-troposphere, but were too dry in the upper troposphere. Over 270 h of water vapor measurements from three Raman lidars (JPL and GSFC) were compared to RS92, CFH, and NOAA-FPH. The JPL lidar profiles reached 20 km when integrated all night, and 15 km when integrated for 1 h. Excellent agreement between this lidar and the frost-point hygrometers was found throughout the measurement range, with only a 3% (0.3 ppmv) mean wet bias for the lidar in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The other two lidars provided satisfactory results in the lower and mid-troposphere (2–5% wet bias over the range 3–10 km), but suffered from contamination by fluorescence (wet bias ranging from 5 to 50% between 10 km and 15 km), preventing their use as an independent measurement in the UTLS. The comparison between all available stratospheric sounders allowed to identify only the largest biases, in particular a 10% dry bias of the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer compared to the Aura-Microwave Limb Sounder. No other large, or at least statistically significant, biases could be observed. Total Precipitable Water (TPW) measurements from six different co-located instruments were available. Several retrieval groups provided their own TPW retrievals, resulting in the comparison of 10 different datasets. Agreement within 7% (0.7 mm) was found between all datasets. Such good agreement illustrates the maturity of these measurements and raises confidence levels for their use as an alternate or complementary source of calibration for the Raman lidars. Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone and temperature measurements were also available during the campaign. The water vapor and ozone lidar measurements, together with the advected potential vorticity results from the high-resolution transport model MIMOSA, allowed the identification and study of a deep stratospheric intrusion over TMF. These observations demonstrated the lidar strong potential for future long-term monitoring of water vapor in the UTLS.