Hindutva meets globalization: The impact on Hindu urban media women

This study examines the impact of globalization and religious nationalism on the personal and professional lives of urban Hindu middle class media women. The research demonstrates how newly strengthened forces of globalization and Hindutva shape Indian womanhood. The research rests on various data that reveal how Indian women interpret and negotiate constructed identities. The study seeks to give voice to the objectified by scrutinizing and challenging the stereotypical modern faces of Indian womanhood seen in the narratives of globalization and Hindutva. Feminist open-ended interviewing was conducted in English and Hindi in New Delhi, the capital of India, with 23 Hindu women, employed by electronic and print media corporations. Accumulated data were analyzed and interpreted using feminist critical discourse analysis. Findings from the study indicate that while the Indian middle class women have embraced professional opportunities presented by globalization, they remain circumscribed by mutating gender politics. The research also finds that as academic and professional progress empower the women within their homes, their public lives have become fraught with increasing gender violence and decreasing recourse to justice. Therefore, women accept the power stratification of their lives as being dependent on spatial and temporal distinctions, and have learnt to engage and strategize with the public environment for physical safety and personal-professional progress. While the media women see systemic masculine domination as being symbiotic with tenets of religious nationalism, they exhibit an unquestioned embracing of capitalism/globalization as the means of empowerment. My research also strongly indicates the importance of the media’s role in shaping gender dynamics in a global context. In conclusion, my research shows the mediawomen’s immense agency in pursuing academic and professional careers while being aware of deeply ingrained gender roles through their strong commitment towards their families. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on Third World nationalism, urban globalization and understandings of reworked-renewed masculine domination. Finally, the study also engages with recent scholarship on the Indian middle class (See Nanda 2010; Shenoy 2009; Lukose 2005; and Radhakrishnan 2006) while simultaneously addressing the notions of privilege and disengagement levied at the middle class woman, a symbiosis of idealization and imprisonment.

Un cinéma de l’entre-deux : identité, altérité et construction de la nation indienne dans Lagaan d’Ashutosh Gowariker.

Ce mémoire est composé de deux parties : une recherche sur le film Lagaan (2001) du réalisateur indien Ashutosh Gowariker, et un scénario de moyen métrage de fiction. La partie théorique analyse un courant émergeant du cinéma indien que Gowariker a initié avec Lagaan. Ce courant véhicule une vision progressiste de l’identité nationale et semble donc s’opposer au mouvement nationaliste hindutva par ses préoccupations gandhiennes proches de la Nouvelle vague indienne. Pourtant, du point de vue dramatique et esthétique, il adopte une facture commerciale qui correspond bien plus aux attentes du public du Bollywood post-1990. Conjuguant dimension intellectuelle militante et divertissement populaire, il cherche ainsi à réorienter sa vision de la société indienne. Mon analyse, à la fois formelle et sociologique, permettra de comprendre cette tendance dans son contexte sociopolitique. Le scénario raconte l’histoire d’Aastha, une jeune Indienne de caste inférieure luttant pour exister entre tradition et modernité dans l'Inde rurale contemporaine. Il montre la relation ambiguë qu’elle entretient avec une culture qu'elle aime profondément, mais qui est paradoxalement trop oppressante pour lui permettre de s'affirmer.