High-voltage electrophoretic deposition of preferentially oriented films from multiferroic YMn2O5 nanopowders

Processing of the YMn2O5 powder is very challenging, since it decomposes to YMnO3 and Mn3O4 at temperatures close to 1180 °C, while samples consolidation commonly demands high temperatures. The main goal of this work is to investigate a possibility to prepare thick films of YMn2O5, since their deposition generally requires significantly lower temperatures. Multiferroic YMn 2O5 was synthesized by the hydrothermal method from Y(CH3COO)3·xH2O, Mn(CH 3COO)2·4H2O and KMnO4 precursors. XRD, FE-SEM and TEM analysis showed that the obtained powder was monophasic, with orthorhombic crystal structure and columnar particle shape with mean diameter and length of around 20 and 50 nm, respectively. The obtained powder was suspended in isopropyl alcohol with addition of appropriate binder and deflocculant. This suspension was used for electrophoretic deposition of YMn2O5 thick films under the high-voltage conditions and electric fields ranging from 250 to 2125 V/cm. The films obtained at 1000 V/cm and higher electric fields showed good adhesion, particle packing, homogeneity and very low porosity. It was shown that the deposition in extremely high electric fields (KC=2125 V/cm) can influence the crystal orientation of the films, resulting in formation of preferentially oriented films. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Safe operation of capacitance meters using high applied-bias voltage /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 49).

A versatile high-voltage bias supply for extended range MIS C(V) and G(V) measurements /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 61).

Feasibility of Electronic Tap-Changing Stabilizers for Medium Voltage Lines-Precedents and New Configurations

Thyristor-based onload tap-changing ac voltage stabilizers are cheap and robust. They have replaced most mechanical tap-changers in low voltage applications from 300 VA to 300 M. Nevertheless, this replacement hardily applies to tap-changers associated to transformers feeding medium-voltage lines (typically 69 kV primary, 34.5 kV line, 10 MVA) which need periodical maintenance of contacts and oil. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has studied the feasibility of this replacement. It detected economical problems derived from the need for series association of thyristors to manage the high voltages involved, and from the current overload developed under line fault. The paper reviews the configurations used in that field and proposes new solutions, using a compensating transformer in the main circuit and multi-winding coils in the commutating circuit, with reduced overload effect and no series association of thyristors, drastically decreasing their number and rating. The stabilizer can be installed at any point of the line and the electronic circuit can be fixed to ground. Subsequent works study and synthesize several commutating circuits in detail.

Conversor multinível NPC de cinco níveis como ondulador de tensão ligado à rede

O crescimento da utilização de accionamentos electromecânicos de velocidade variável entre outros dispositivos que necessitam de tensões elevadas, na ordem dos kV e com elevados níveis de qualidade, despertou o interesse pelos conversores multinível. Este tipo de conversor consegue alcançar elevadas tensões de funcionamento e simultaneamente melhorar a qualidade das formas de onda de tensão e corrente nas respectivas fases. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objectivo apresentar um estudo sobre o conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro (NPC – neutral point clamped), de cinco níveis utilizado como ondulador de tensão ligado à rede. O trabalho começa por desenvolver o modelo matemático do conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro de cinco níveis e a respectiva interligação com a rede eléctrica. Com base no modelo do conversor são realizadas simulações numéricas desenvolvidas em Matlab-Simulink. Para controlo do trânsito de energia no conversor é utilizando controlo por modo de deslizamento aplicado às correntes nas fases. As simulações efectuadas são comparadas com resultados de simulação obtidos para um ondulador clássico de dois níveis. Resultados de simulação do conversor multinível são posteriormente comparados com resultados experimentais para diferentes valores de potências activa e reactiva. Foi desenvolvido um protótipo experimental de um conversor multinível com díodos de ligação ao neutro de cinco níveis e a respectiva electrónica associada para comando e disparo dos semicondutores de potência.

Power systems reliability calculation based on fuzzy data mining

This paper presents a methodology supported on the data base knowledge discovery process (KDD), in order to find out the failure probability of electrical equipments’, which belong to a real electrical high voltage network. Data Mining (DM) techniques are used to discover a set of outcome failure probability and, therefore, to extract knowledge concerning to the unavailability of the electrical equipments such us power transformers and high-voltages power lines. The framework includes several steps, following the analysis of the real data base, the pre-processing data, the application of DM algorithms, and finally, the interpretation of the discovered knowledge. To validate the proposed methodology, a case study which includes real databases is used. This data have a heavy uncertainty due to climate conditions for this reason it was used fuzzy logic to determine the set of the electrical components failure probabilities in order to reestablish the service. The results reflect an interesting potential of this approach and encourage further research on the topic.

Novel techniques for the design and practical realization of switched-capacitor circuits in deep-submicron CMOS technologies

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Redisseny d’una línia d’alta tensió comparant el traçat aeri amb el traçat soterrat

A petició d’un grup d’empreses del polígon industrial “Polígon”, es redacta el presentprojecte que té per objecte establir les característiques tècniques per a la construcció d’una variant de la línia de doble circuit 110 kV que uneix les dues subestacions; S.E. Polígon Nord – S.E. Polígon Sur. Actualment es disposa d’una línia de doble circuit 110 kV que uneix les dues subestacions; S.E. Polígon Nord – S.E. Polígon Sur i que travessa vàries parcel•les del polígon industrial “Polígon” sobrevolant-les i reduint, per tant, la seva capacitat d’aprofitament de sòl. Es consideraran, i es calcularan, les dues alternatives que existeixen actualment en línies de transport elèctric: variant aèria i variant soterrada

Electrificació i enllumenat del polígon industrial de Palafrugell

En aquest projecte d’electrificació del polígon industrial de Palafrugell s'ha realitzat un disseny complet de tots els aspectes determinants des de l’arribada de la línia d’alta tensió, les ramificacions de baixa tensió, càlcul d’enllumenat, postes a terra, centres de transformació amb els seus respectius transformadors, i per últim un estudi i orientació sobre tarificacions a indústries. De cada apartat s'ha realitzat tota la sèrie de càlculs necessaris per determinar els components i aparellatge dimensionat per les necessitats

Projecte d’una xarxa de distribució elèctrica de mitja tensió, centres de transformació i instal·lacions d'enllaç d’un polígon industrial

Disseny d’una xarxa de distribució d’alta tensió de tercera categoria de 25 kV subterrània, a partir d’ara mitja tensió (MT), amb deu centres de transformació i distribució de 1000 kVA cadascun. La reforma d’un centre de transformació i distribució de 630 kVA i el disseny de la xarxa de baixa tensió. Amb la finalitat de donar subministrament d’energia elèctrica a les industries d’un polígon del terme municipal de Torroella de Montgrí (GIRONA) i obtenir l’autorització administrativa per la posterior posada en servei d’aquesta instal•lació.No queda inclòs en aquest projecte la instal•lació d’enllumenat públic

Tasasähkön hyödyntämismahdollisuudet sähkönjakelussa

Tässä työssä on tutkittu tasasähkönsiirron tuomia mahdollisuuksia sähkönjakelussa, kun pienjännitedirektiivin pienjännitemäärittelyn soveltamista laajennetaan koskemaan vaihtojännitteen lisäksi myös tasajännitettä. Aiemmin tasasähköjärjestelmiä on käytetty ainoastaan sähköistymisen alkuaikoina 1900-luvun alussa. Viime vuosikymmeninä on sähkönjakelussa käytetty pelkästään vaihtosähköverkkoja, koska tehoelektronisten laitteiden korkea hintataso ja tekniset ominaisuudet ovat mahdollistaneet tasasähkön käytön vain suurjännitteellä. Suomalaisten sähkönkäyttö on lisääntynyt muutamalla prosenttiyksiköllä vuosittain ja kasvun taantumista ei ole odotettavissa lähiaikoina. Samaan aikaan yhteiskunta muuttuu jatkuvasti yhä riippuvaisemmaksi sähköstä ja odotukset toteutuvasta sähkönlaadusta ovat jatkuvasti korkeammat. Sähkönlaadun näkökulmasta ilmasto on tuonut aiempia suurempia haasteita sähkön toimitusvarmuudelle, kun myrskyjen aiheuttamat tuhot ovat olleet yhä entisiä suurempia. Toimitusvarmuuden parantamiseksi ovat muutamat vuosikymmenen alun rajut myrskyt johtaneet pohdintaan tulevien haasteiden hoitamiseksi ja edelleen uuden 3-portaiseen 20/1/0,4 kV vaihtosähköjärjestelmän kehittämiseen. Tasasähkönsiirron avulla halutaan tuoda käyttöön niitä hyötyjä, joita järjestelmän vaihdolla on saavutettavissa. Täysimääräisellä tasajännitteen hyödyntämisellä voidaan saavuttaa mm. aiempaa edullisempia investointivaihtoehtoja,parempi sähkönlaatu, parempi hajautetun tuotannon liitettävyys verkkoon ja erilaisten asiakaskohtaisten laitteiden helppo integroitavuus osaksi jakelujärjestelmää. Tämän työn puitteissa on pohdittu sekä teknisiä ratkaisuja että järjestelmän teknistaloudellista käyttöaluetta. Lisäksi on pyritty hahmottamaan eri tekijöiden vaikutuksia sähkönjakeluun.

Correlation between charge transport and electroluminescence properties of Si-rich oxide/nitride/oxide-based light emitting capacitors.

The electrical and electroluminescence (EL) properties at room and high temperatures of oxide/ nitride/oxide (ONO)-based light emitting capacitors are studied. The ONO multidielectric layer is enriched with silicon by means of ion implantation. The exceeding silicon distribution follows a Gaussian profile with a maximum of 19%, centered close to the lower oxide/nitride interface. The electrical measurements performed at room and high temperatures allowed to unambiguously identify variable range hopping (VRH) as the dominant electrical conduction mechanism at low voltages, whereas at moderate and high voltages, a hybrid conduction formed by means of variable range hopping and space charge-limited current enhanced by Poole-Frenkel effect predominates. The EL spectra at different temperatures are also recorded, and the correlation between charge transport mechanisms and EL properties is discussed.

The Detector Control Systems for the CMS Resistive Plate Chamber at LHC

The RPC Detector Control System (RCS) is the main subject of this PhD work. The project, involving the Lappeenranta University of Technology, the Warsaw University and INFN of Naples, is aimed to integrate the different subsystems for the RPC detector and its trigger chain in order to develop a common framework to control and monitoring the different parts. In this project, I have been strongly involved during the last three years on the hardware and software development, construction and commissioning as main responsible and coordinator. The CMS Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) system consists of 912 double-gap chambers at its start-up in middle of 2008. A continuous control and monitoring of the detector, the trigger and all the ancillary sub-systems (high voltages, low voltages, environmental, gas, and cooling), is required to achieve the operational stability and reliability of a so large and complex detector and trigger system. Role of the RPC Detector Control System is to monitor the detector conditions and performance, control and monitor all subsystems related to RPC and their electronics and store all the information in a dedicated database, called Condition DB. Therefore the RPC DCS system has to assure the safe and correct operation of the sub-detectors during all CMS life time (more than 10 year), detect abnormal and harmful situations and take protective and automatic actions to minimize consequential damages. The analysis of the requirements and project challenges, the architecture design and its development as well as the calibration and commissioning phases represent themain tasks of the work developed for this PhD thesis. Different technologies, middleware and solutions has been studied and adopted in the design and development of the different components and a big challenging consisted in the integration of these different parts each other and in the general CMS control system and data acquisition framework. Therefore, the RCS installation and commissioning phase as well as its performance and the first results, obtained during the last three years CMS cosmic runs, will be

Redisseny d’una línia d’alta tensió comparant el traçat aeri amb el traçat soterrat

A petició d’un grup d’empreses del polígon industrial “Polígon”, es redacta el present projecte que té per objecte establir les característiques tècniques per a la construcció d’una variant de la línia de doble circuit 110 kV que uneix les dues subestacions; S.E. Polígon Nord – S.E. Polígon Sur. Actualment es disposa d’una línia de doble circuit 110 kV que uneix les dues subestacions; S.E. Polígon Nord – S.E. Polígon Sur i que travessa vàries parcel•les del polígon industrial “Polígon” sobrevolant-les i reduint, per tant, la seva capacitat d’aprofitament de sòl. Es consideraran, i es calcularan, les dues alternatives que existeixen actualment en línies de transport elèctric: variant aèria i variant soterrada

Projecte d’una xarxa de distribució elèctrica de mitja tensió, centres de transformació i instal·lacions d'enllaç d’un polígon industrial

Disseny d’una xarxa de distribució d’alta tensió de tercera categoria de 25 kV subterrània, a partir d’ara mitja tensió (MT), amb deu centres de transformació i distribució de 1000 kVA cadascun. La reforma d’un centre de transformació i distribució de 630 kVA i el disseny de la xarxa de baixa tensió. Amb la finalitat de donar subministrament d’energia elèctrica a les industries d’un polígon del terme municipal de Torroella de Montgrí (GIRONA) i obtenir l’autorització administrativa per la posterior posada en servei d’aquesta instal•lació. No queda inclòs en aquest projecte la instal•lació d’enllumenat públic