972 resultados para Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett
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On cover: 1855-1930.
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Issued in 1889 under title: The Little Giant Cyclopedia.
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The life history and host range of the herringbone leaf-mining fly Ophiomyia camarae, a potential biological control agent for Lantana spp., were investigated. Eggs were deposited singly on the underside of leaves. Although several eggs can be laid on a single leaf and a maximum of three individual mines were seen on a single leaf, only one pupa per leaf ever developed. The generation time (egg to adult) was about 38 days. Females (mean 14 days) lived longer than males (mean 9 days) and produced about 61 mines. Oviposition and larval development occurred on all five lantana phenotypes tested. Eleven plant species representing six families were tested to determine the host range. Oviposition and larval development occurred on only lantana and another nonnative plant Lippia alba (Verbenaceae), with both species supporting populations over several generations. A CLIMEX model showed that most of the coastal areas of eastern Australia south to 3016' S (Coffs Harbour) would be suitable for O. camarae. O. camarae was approved for release in Australia in October 2007 and mines have been observed on plants at numerous field sites along the coast following releases.
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The ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), has been commercially used to extend the storage life of European pear fruit and to allow shipment to distant markets. However, the influence of 1-MCP on the ability of fruit to ripen to an acceptable sensory quality has not been investigated in 'Bartlett' pear, one of the most aromatic of pear fruit. In the current study, early-, mid- and late-season 'Bartlett' pear fruit were treated with 0.6LL-1 1-MCP at 0C for 24h, 100LL-1 ethylene at 20C for 24h, or untreated before immediate transfer to 20C for ripening until eating soft (13N firmness). Fruit from each treatment were subjected to objective and sensory quality evaluation once ripe. Sensory quality showed differences related to harvest maturity; the importance of harvest maturity depended on the treatment. Treatment with 1-MCP effectively slowed fruit ripening and therefore extended postharvest life, but also resulted in fully ripened pears with more desirable sensory traits, as compared with ethylene-treated and untreated pears. The enhanced sensory quality was related to higher sweetness, juiciness and pear aroma and reduced fermented aroma, gritty texture and tart taste. In addition, the sensory profiles of 1-MCP-treated pears were more stable among fruit from the three harvest dates than the ethylene-treated pears, which exhibited very different sensory profiles between early- and late-season fruits. 2015 Elsevier B.V.
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Spencer
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Spencer Fullerton Baird was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, February 3, 1823. In 1834 he was sent to a Quaker boarding-school kept by Dr. McGraw, at Port Deposit, Maryland, and the year following to the Reading Grammar School. In 1836 he entered Dickinson College, and was graduated at the age of seventeen. After leaving college, his time for several years was devoted to studies in general natural history, to long pedestrian excursions for the purpose of observing animals and plants and collecting specimens, and to the organization of a private cabinet of natural history, which a few years later became the nucleus of the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. During this period he published a number of original papers on natural history. He also read medicine with Dr. Middleton Goldsmith, attending a winter course of lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, in New York, in 1842. His medical course was never formally completed, although in 1848 he received the degree of M. D., honoris causa, from the Philadelphia Medical College. In 1845 he was chosen professor of natural history in Dickinson College, and in 1846 his duties and emoluments were increased by election to the chair of natural history and chemistry in the same institution. In 1848 he declined a call to the professorship of natural science in the University of Vermont. In 1849 he undertook his first extensive literary work, translating and editing the text for the "Iconographic Encyclopedia," an English version of Heck's Bilder Atlas, published in connection with Brockhaus's Conversations Lexikon.
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http://www.archive.org/details/historicalsketch00bartiala
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This dissertation is the first full-length study to concentrate on American genre painter Lilly Martin Spencer's images of children, which constituted nearly one half of her saleable production during the height of her artistic career from 1848 to 1869. At this time, many young parents received advice regarding child rearing through books and other publications, having moved away from their families of origin in search of employment. These literatures, which gained in popularity from the 1830s onward, focused on spiritual, emotional, and disciplinary matters. My study considers four major themes from the period's writing on child nurture that changed over time, including depravity and innocence, parent/child bonding, standards of behavior and moral rectitude, and children's influence on adults. It demonstrates how Spencer's paintings, prints, and drawings featuring children supported and challenged these evolving ideologies, helping to shed light not only on the artist's reception of child-rearing advice, but also on its possible impact on her middle-class audience, to whom she closely catered. In four chapters, I investigate Spencer's images of sleeping children as visual equivalents of contemporary consolation literature during a time of high infant and child mortality rates; her paintings of parent/child interaction as promoting separation from mothers and emotional bonding with fathers; her prints of mischievous children as both considering changing ideals about children's behavior and comforting Anglo-American citizens afraid of what they saw as threatening minority groups; and her pictures with Civil War and Reconstruction subject matter as contending with the popular concept of the moral utility of children. By framing my interpretations of Spencer's output around key issues in the period's dynamic child-nurture literature, I advance new comprehensive readings of many of her most well-known paintings, including Domestic Happiness, Fi, Fo, Fum!, and The Pic Nic or the Fourth of July. I also consider work often overlooked by other art historians, but which received acclaim in Spencer's own time, including the lithographs of children made after her designs, and the allegorical painting Truth Unveiling Falsehood. Significantly, I provide the first in-depth analysis of a newly rediscovered Reconstruction-era painting, The Home of the Red, White, and Blue.
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La firmeza es el atributo ms importante en las peras y est determinada en parte, por la estructura de la pared celular (PC) y por su desintegracin. No han sido completamente identificadas las modificaciones que ocurren en los polisacridos de la PC de pulpa y piel ni las anomalas bioqumicas que se asociaran a la aparicin de texturas atpicas provocada por una cosecha tarda de peras Bartlett. Tampoco se ha analizado a la fecha la influencia de los factores precosecha sobre la composicin de la PC, el ablandamiento de los frutos y la eficacia de tratamientos de poscosecha como los realizados con 1-metilciclopropeno (1- MCP), inhibidor de la accin del etileno. A fin de estudiar estos aspectos se muestrearon peras Bartlett que maduraron en planta para los estudios de ontogenia en pulpa y piel; al mismo tiempo se trabaj con peras que crecieron bajo diferentes condiciones de radiacin a campo y luego fueron almacenadas a 20 C por 13 y 23 d con y sin tratamiento de 1-MCP. Se determin la firmeza, el color, los slidos solubles, la acidez titulable, el porcentaje de almidn, la produccin de etileno, el jugo libre, se realiz anlisis sensorial y luego se efectu la extraccin y fraccionamiento de la PC. Sobre esta ltima se determin la solubilidad, composicin y distribucin de tamaos moleculares. Los resultados demostraron que los frutos que maduraron en planta presentaron anomalas texturales asociadas a una menor solubilizacin de pectinas y de arabinosa. Asimismo se determin que la composicin y el metabolismo de PC de peras Bartlett difieren en el tejido de pulpa y piel. Se estableci que la mayor exposicin solar result en un aumento de la firmeza de los frutos. Esto se relacion con una mayor proporcin de pectinas solubles en lcali y hemicelulosas de mayor tamao molecular a cosecha. Por ltimo, la eficacia del 1-MCP se vio incrementada por condiciones de mayor radiacin-temperatura en precosecha, siendo la radiacin UVB poco relevantes.
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This document is a land deed between Alex Outlaw and Calvin Spencer.
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This document is an indenture deed between Hayward Todd, Sr. and Calvin Spencer
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This document is an indenture deed between Calvin Spencer, Joseph Kershaw, and John Chestnut.
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This document is a land deed between Samuel Howell and Calvin Spencer, sealed and delivered in the presence of Nicholas Powers and Holden Wade.
