The high price of hesitation where time of the essence

The decision of Lai v Soineva [2011] QSC 247 in relation to the operation of standard conditions in the Queensland REIQ contract highlights a very practical issue often overlooked in the heat of a transaction .The point is relatively simple. In this instance ,the case concerned the interpretation of the printed "Building and Pest Inspection Clause" but is of relevance to the printed "Finance Clause" in the same contract as the wording and principles are identical. It highlights the issue of knowing well what is in the standard contract and not making assumptions. The case also highlights the cost to a party of dithering in making an election in a time of the essence environment

Variation and change in the use of hesitation markers in Germanic languages

In this study, we investigate crosslinguistic patterns in the alternation between UM, a hesitation marker consisting of a neutral vowel followed by a final labial nasal, and UH, a hesitation marker consisting of a neutral vowel in an open syllable. Based on a quantitative analysis of a range of spoken and written corpora, we identify clear and consistent patterns of change in the use of these forms in various Germanic languages (English, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Danish, Faroese) and dialects (American English, British English), with the use of UM increasing over time relative to the use of UH. We also find that this pattern of change is generally led by women and more educated speakers. Finally, we propose a series of possible explanations for this surprising change in hesitation marker usage that is currently taking place across Germanic languages.

A decision support system for sustainable urban development : the integrated land use and transportation indexing model

The broad definition of sustainable development at the early stage of its introduction has caused confusion and hesitation among local authorities and planning professionals. The main difficulties are experience in employing loosely-defined principles of sustainable development in setting policies and goals. The question of how this theory/rhetoric-practice gap could be filled will be the theme of this study. One of the widely employed sustainability accounting approaches by governmental organisations, triple bottom line, and applicability of this approach to sustainable urban development policies will be examined. When incorporating triple bottom line considerations with the environmental impact assessment techniques, the framework of GIS-based decision support system that helps decision-makers in selecting policy option according to the economic, environmental and social impacts will be introduced. In order to embrace sustainable urban development policy considerations, the relationship between urban form, travel pattern and socio-economic attributes should be clarified. This clarification associated with other input decision support systems will picture the holistic state of the urban settings in terms of sustainability. In this study, grid-based indexing methodology will be employed to visualise the degree of compatibility of selected scenarios with the designated sustainable urban future. In addition, this tool will provide valuable knowledge about the spatial dimension of the sustainable development. It will also give fine details about the possible impacts of urban development proposals by employing disaggregated spatial data analysis (e.g. land-use, transportation, urban services, population density, pollution, etc.). The visualisation capacity of this tool will help decision makers and other stakeholders compare and select alternative of future urban developments.

A decision support system for sustainable urban development : the integrated land use and transportation indexing model

Broad, early definitions of sustainable development have caused confusion and hesitation among local authorities and planning professionals. This confusion has arisen because loosely defined principles of sustainable development have been employed when setting policies and planning projects, and when gauging the efficiencies of these policies in the light of designated sustainability goals. The question of how this theory-rhetoric-practice gap can be filled is the main focus of this chapter. It examines the triple bottom line approach–one of the sustainability accounting approaches widely employed by governmental organisations–and the applicability of this approach to sustainable urban development. The chapter introduces the ‘Integrated Land Use and Transportation Indexing Model’ that incorporates triple bottom line considerations with environmental impact assessment techniques via a geographic, information systems-based decision support system. This model helps decision-makers in selecting policy options according to their economic, environmental and social impacts. Its main purpose is to provide valuable knowledge about the spatial dimensions of sustainable development, and to provide fine detail outputs on the possible impacts of urban development proposals on sustainability levels. In order to embrace sustainable urban development policy considerations, the model is sensitive to the relationship between urban form, travel patterns and socio-economic attributes. Finally, the model is useful in picturing the holistic state of urban settings in terms of their sustainability levels, and in assessing the degree of compatibility of selected scenarios with the desired sustainable urban future.

A decision support system for sustainable urban development : the integrated land use and transportation indexing model

Broad, early definitions of sustainable development have caused confusion and hesitation among local authorities and planning professionals. This confusion has arisen because loosely defined principles of sustainable development have been employed when setting policies and planning projects, and when gauging the efficiencies of these policies in the light of designated sustainability goals. The question of how this theory-rhetoric-practice gap can be filled is the main focus of this chapter. It examines the triple bottom line approach–one of the sustainability accounting approaches widely employed by governmental organisations–and the applicability of this approach to sustainable urban development. The chapter introduces the ‘Integrated Land Use and Transportation Indexing Model’ that incorporates triple bottom line considerations with environmental impact assessment techniques via a geographic, information systemsbased decision support system. This model helps decision-makers in selecting policy options according to their economic, environmental and social impacts. Its main purpose is to provide valuable knowledge about the spatial dimensions of sustainable development, and to provide fine detail outputs on the possible impacts of urban development proposals on sustainability levels. In order to embrace sustainable urban development policy considerations, the model is sensitive to the relationship between urban form, travel patterns and socio-economic attributes. Finally, the model is useful in picturing the holistic state of urban settings in terms of their sustainability levels, and in assessing the degree of compatibility of selected scenarios with the desired sustainable urban future.

Two-dimensional fuzzy fault tree analysis for chlorine release from a chlor-alkali industry using expert elicitation

The hazards associated with major accident hazard (MAN) industries are fire, explosion and toxic gas releases. Of these, toxic gas release is the worst as it has the potential to cause extensive fatalities. Qualitative and quantitative hazard analyses are essential for the identification and quantification of these hazards related to chemical industries. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is an established technique in hazard identification. This technique has the advantage of being both qualitative and quantitative, if the probabilities and frequencies of the basic events are known. This paper outlines the estimation of the probability of release of chlorine from storage and filling facility of chlor-alkali industry using FTA. An attempt has also been made to arrive at the probability of chlorine release using expert elicitation and proven fuzzy logic technique for Indian conditions. Sensitivity analysis has been done to evaluate the percentage contribution of each basic event that could lead to chlorine release. Two-dimensional fuzzy fault tree analysis (TDFFTA) has been proposed for balancing the hesitation factor involved in expert elicitation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Design of fully rotatable, roller-crank-driven, cam mechanisms for arbitrary motion specifications

The design of a non-traditional cam and roller-follower mechanism is described here. In this mechanism, the roller-crank rather than the cam is used as the continuous input member, while both complete a full rotation in each revolution and remain in contact throughout. It is noted that in order to have the cam fully rotate for every full rotation of the roller-crank, the cam cannot be a closed profile, rather the roller traverses the open cam profile twice in each cycle. Using kinematic analysis, the angular velocity of the cam when the roller traverses the cam profile in one direction, is related to the angular velocity of the cam when the roller retraces its path on the cam in the other direction. Thus, one can specify any arbitrary function relating the motion of the cam to the motion of the roller-crank for only 180 degrees of rotation in the angular velocity space. The motion of the cam in the remaining portion is then automatically determined. In specifying the arbitrary motion, many desirable characteristics such as multiple dwells, low acceleration and jerk, etc., can be obtained. Useful design equations are derived for this purpose. Using the kinematic inversion technique, the cam profile is readily obtained once the motion is specified in the angular velocity space. The only limitation to the arbitrary motion specification is making sure that the transmission angle never gets too low, so that the force will be transmitted efficiently from roller to cam. This is addressed by incorporating a transmission index into the motion specification in the synthesis process. Consequently, in this method we can specify any arbitrary motion within a permissible rone, such that the transmission index is higher than the specified minimum value. Single-dwell, double-dwell and a long hesitation motion are used as examples to demonstrate the ffectiveness of the design method. Force closure using an optimally located spring and quasi-kinetostatic analysis are also discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do efeito fantástico na ficção contemporânea

O fantástico tem se desenvolvido ao longo dos séculos, contudo, ainda constatamos dificuldades em se definir as características que o constituem. É certo que, hoje, o elemento fantástico aparece de diferentes formas, com a convivência pacífica de elementos naturais e sobrenaturais. Aqui, o insólito se dissolve na rotina e na banalidade das situações comuns, gerando o efeito fantástico, abordagem da presente dissertação. Não há mais sustos ou sobressaltos diante de um evento sobrenatural, ao contrário do chamado fantástico clássico, que prevê a hesitação como elemento principal. Nesse emaranhado de eventos sobrenaturais, uma figura se destaca, a personagem. Ela tem como principal função ser instrumento para comunicar e confirmar ao leitor a ocorrência dos eventos sobrenaturais. No caso do fantástico contemporâneo ela acaba por auxiliar na naturalização dos eventos sobrenaturais, pois retrata a passividade e a aceitação de tais eventos. Através dela também é possível identificar reações diante desses eventos: incerteza, dúvida, sufocamento, angústia e medo. Nosso principal objetivo com essa dissertação é costurar teoria e texto, buscando identificar o efeito fantástico, através da análise da reação das personagens, em autores contemporâneos, mais especificamente em contos. Utilizaremos para essa exemplificação contos de Amilcar Bettega Barbosa (Deixe o quarto como está), Jorge Luis Borges (O livro de areia) e Murilo Rubião (Contos Reunidos). Para realizar tal desafio, buscaremos trazer questões que enriqueçam a discussão sobre o fantástico contemporâneo, demonstrando com isso, também, sua permanência no cenário literário atual. Com isso esperamos contribuir para a propagação das discussões sobre o fantástico, levando, quem sabe, a um novo posicionamento crítico sobre esses textos

O vampiro é o leitor: o processo de vampirização do leitor na literatura fantástica

Parte-se da perspectiva do fantástico como um entrelugar espaço plural e fragmentado, marcado por descentramento e heterogeneidade, capaz de comportar até o contraditório percebido como um ambiente caracterizado por uma inerente duplicidade. Entendido isso, observa-se que esse caráter dual intensifica-se nas narrativas vampirescas, na medida em que ele é estendido ao vampiro e refletido no leitor. Por conseguinte, identificam-se e analisam-se os aspectos distintivos do leitor desse tipo de narrativa, reconhecendo-se seu papel na construção do gênero e na manutenção do caráter aberto da obra, como em uma coautoria cuja marca registrada é a hesitação. Entretanto, da relação entre vampiro e leitor, evidencia-se mais que isso, afinal a narrativa fantástica de modo geral e não apenas a de vertente vampiresca sempre aponta para o leitor como sendo este o fio solto que não permite que a obra feche-se. Percebe-se ainda, por meio da descrição e análise de diferentes tipos de manifestação do vampiro na literatura, um processo de reconfiguração da relação existente entre vampiro e leitor, e entre este e a narrativa fantástica, bem como com a literatura de forma geral. Assim, considera-se a relação do leitor com o vampiro clássico um tipo assustador , marcada pela desidentificação; com o moderno um tipo sedutor, e humanizado na figura de Louis, personagem de Anne Rice , marcada pela identificação; e com o contemporâneo um tipo sedutor e humano , marcada pela apropriação de identidade. Neste último movimento, entendido como a vampirização do leitor, intenta-se provar que este, depois de transformado, reconhecendo-se como tal em seu duplo (o vampiro), nutre-se da força vital deste seu duplo e da narrativa fantástica e retém a aparência de hesitação, a qual é a força motriz do gênero em questão. O leitor torna-se o personagem mais atuante sobre a/na narrativa, operando no campo da realidade e também no da ficção. A compreensão desse processo que vai da desidentificação à apropriação de identidade é aprofundada na análise destas três narrativas vampirescas marcantes ao pensamento desenvolvido neste estudo: Drácula, de Bram Stoker; Entrevista com o vampiro, de Anne Rice; e A confissão, de Flávio Carneiro

Violência entre parceiros íntimos: um fator de risco para a insegurança alimentar domiciliar?

O primeiro objetivo da Tese consistiu na identificação e caracterização dos instrumentos de aferição epidemiológicos que vêm sendo propostos para a abordagem de IA domiciliar, bem como na síntese de suas propriedades psicométricas. Para tal, realizou-se busca sistemática em três bases de dados eletrônicas: MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Não houve delimitação do período de publicação. Os resultados são apresentados no artigo intitulado Household food insecurity: a systematic review of the measuring instruments used in epidemiological studies. Foram identificados 24 instrumentos, todos breves e de fácil aplicação. A maioria foi desenvolvida nos Estados Unidos. O instrumento HFSSM apresentou o maior número de estudos de utilização e psicométricos, podendo ser recomendado sem hesitação. O segundo e principal objetivo desta Tese foi avaliar se a ocorrência de violência psicológica e física entre parceiros íntimos pode ser considerada um fator de risco para a ocorrência de Insegurança Alimentar (IA) domiciliar. As informações que subjazem a pesquisa originaram-se de um inquérito domiciliar realizado no Distrito de Campos Elíseos, Município de Duque de Caxias, entre abril a novembro de 2010. A população de estudo foi selecionada por meio de amostragem por conglomerados em três estágios (setor censitário, domicílio, indivíduo) com técnicas de amostragem inversa para a seleção dos domicílios. A amostra do estudo incluiu 849 mulheres que no período da entrevista relataram possuir algum relacionamento amoroso nos 12 meses anteriores. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevista utilizando-se um questionário estruturado, contendo instrumentos previamente validados, como a Revised Conflict Tatics Scales (CTS2) para a mensuração das violências e a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA) para a IA domiciliar. Utilizou-se a análise de caminhos (Path Analysis) na análise de dados o que permitiu explorar as relações entre as violências, entre estas e o Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), este último e a IA, bem como as relações mais distais do modelo teórico. Os resultados são apresentados no artigo intitulado Violência entre parceiros íntimos, transtornos mentais comuns e insegurança alimentar: modelagem de equações estruturais. A hipótese central deste estudo foi corroborada, na medida em que tanto a violência psicológica, como a violência física se mostraram importantes fatores de risco para a IA, via a ocorrência de TMC. Contrariamente ao esperado, notou-se um maior efeito da violência psicológica do que da violência física na ocorrência do desfecho. Espera-se que a divulgação dos resultados desta Tese auxilie os profissionais e gestores na área de segurança alimentar e nutricional, bem como pesquisadores da área na tomada de decisões em relação ao instrumento de aferição a ser utilizado para a caracterização das situações e ampliem o olhar sobre o problema, incorporando outros fatores de risco, tais como as violências entre parceiros íntimos, aqueles estritamente econômicos, habitualmente considerados no debate sobre os determinantes e estratégias de enfrentamento da IA.

An analysis of passenger performance on stairs and upper deck slides during evacuation trials: a report from the VERRES project

This paper reports on research work undertaken for the European Commission funded study GMA2/2000/32039 Very Large Transport Aircraft (VLTA) Emergency Requirements Research Evacuation Study (VERRES). A particular focus of VERRES was on evacuation issues and several large-scale evacuation trials were conducted in the CRANFIELD simulator. This paper addresses part of the research undertaken for Work Package 3 by the University of Greenwich with a focus on the analysis of the data concerning passenger use of stairs and passenger exit hesitation time analysis for upper deck slides.

This is Not a Photo Opportunity: Verbal/Visual Struggle in Francophone Travel Narratives

This article explores the ethics and aesthetics of representing travel and intercultural encounter in textual and photographic forms. Taking as its starting point two textual accounts of journeys in the course of which photographic narratives were also produced, the article explores the possibilities and limitations of textuality and visuality and thus considers the implications of, or new opportunities afforded by, reading – and ultimately publishing – these narratives as iconotexts. Focusing on Pierre Loti's L'Inde (sans les Anglais) (1901) and Ella Maillart's Oasis interdites (1937), the article also offers an alternative perspective on writers whose work is commonly associated with an imperialist or exoticist discourse, with cliché and one-dimensionality. As such, it aims to replace the monolithic, orientalist vision often attributed to these writers with ambiguity, ethical hesitation and a plurality of perspectives. Using these examples as a springboard, the article seeks to argue that verbal/visual mobility in narratives representing mobility contributes to resisting static, monolithic perceptions of other cultures. Using the work of British graffiti artist Banksy as a foil for exploring photography as cultural commodification and art as commodity, the article also seeks to engage with current debates in Humanities research on ekphrasis and iconotextuality and on the problematics of representing other cultures within an ethical and/or humanist frame.

Processing the Peace:An Interview with Teya Sepinuck

In this interview, Teya Sepinuck, the Artistic Director of Theatre of Witness reflects not only on her first two projects in Northern Ireland, but also vividly illustrates her way of working by evoking seminal moments in her previous practice. Although, she has resisted attempts to systematise the Theatre of Witness process, preferring to see it as a set of principles rather than a fixed methodology, these principles have given rise to clear guidelines that have come to govern the process through which she works. As the interview illustrates, Sepinuck, a Jewish Buddhist, has no hesitation in explaining her approach within the framework of a humanist ‘spirituality’ that explicitly deploys Judeo-Christian terminology. She invites discussion of each participant's ‘prayer-life’ and positions herself primarily as a listener rather than an interlocutor. The introduction to the interview contextualises Sepinuck's practice in relation to her previous work and other drama-based interventions in Northern Ireland. Concerns that the lack of critical distance between the tellers and their stories inhibits those who see it from freely engaging with it as they might with a fictionalised account, are also critiqued. In the interview, Sepinuck directly addresses the risk of the commodification of her work, explaining the safeguards in place to protect the participants, who have repeatedly asserted how beneficial they have found their involvement in the work to be. The sense of autonomy and empowerment that emerges from these responses represent a persuasive challenge to concerns that they are passive instruments of the Theatre of Witness process.

SmallPower, Energias Renováveis, Lda.: tradução e gestão de conteúdos

Relatório de estágio realizado por: Tiago André Nogueira da Cruz Trabalho orientado pela Mestre Célia Sousa