Relacionamento filogenético de espécies pertencentes às famílias Coreidae e Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) a partir dos genes mitocondriais COI, 16S e nuclear 18S

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Filogenia e classificação dos percevejos-verdes do grupo Nezara Amyot & Serville (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Pentanominae)

Os percevejos-do-mato da família Pentatomidae formam um dos maiores grupos dentre os hemípteros-heterópteros, sendo encontrados principalmente nas regiões tropicais. São exclusivamente terrestres e a maioria das espécies têm hábitos fitófagos, algumas delas registradas como pragas de plantas. A atual classificação do grupo encontra-se em intenso debate, mas a definição de grupos monofiléticos e o estudo das relações entre esses grupos dentro de Pentatomidae ainda são relativamente escassos. Este trabalho aborda o estudo de um grupo de percevejos-verdes (Pentatomidae) historicamente relacionados ao gênero Nezara Amyot & Serville. A análise cladística incluíndo, incialmente, 28 espécies de 11 gêneros de Pentatominae e 53 caracteres morfológicos permitiu a definição de um grupo monofilético que inclui 8 gêneros (6 conhecidos e dois novos), aqui denominado grupo Nezara. As características diagnósticas para o grupo incluem duas sinapomorfias: lobo ventral do tubérculo antenífero desenvolvido e espessamento secundário das gonapófises 9 amplos. Os resultados indicam que o gênero Chinavia, como atualmente configurado, é polifilético. A seguinte classificação para o grupo Nezara, em notação parentética, é proposta: (Pseudoacrosternum((Aethemenes, Nezara) (Genêro1 (Porphyroptera (Neoacrosternum (Gênero2(Chinavia))))))) Os gêneros Glaucias, Acrosternum e Parachinavia não compartilham as sinapomorfias dos gêneros do grupo Nezara e os resultados indicam uma relação mais próxima com outros gêneros de Pentatominae. As espécies Parachinavia prunasis (Dallas) comb. nov. e Neoacrosternum varicornis (Dallas) comb. nov. são transferidas dos gêneros Acrosternum e Chinavia, respectivamente. Com base no padrão de distribuição dos táxons do grupo Nezara, é discutida uma hipótese sobre a origem e diversificação do grupo. Dois novos gêneros são propostos: Schoutedenia gen. nov., para incluir S. distans (Schouteden) comb. nov., e Afrochinavia gen. nov., para incluir A. rinapsa comb. nov. Uma chave dicotômica para identificação, a diagnose dos clados resultantes da análise cladística e a descrição atualizada dos gêneros do grupo Nezara são apresentadas Com base no exame dos holótipos das espécies de Chinavia, as seguintes sinonimias são propostas: Chinavia aequale (Linnavuori, 1975) é sinônimo júnior de Chinavia aliena (Schouteden, 1960); Chinavia amosi (Linnavuori, 1982) é sinônimo júnior de Chinavia kaisaka (Schouteden, 1960); Chinavia bella (Rolston, 1983) é sinônimo júnior de Chinavia nigrodorsata (Breddin, 1901); Chinavia gerstockeri (Bergroth, 1893) é sinônimo júnior de Chinavia pallidoconspersa (Stal, 1858); e Chinavia panizzi (Frey-da- Silva & Grazia, 2001) é sinônimo júnior de Chinavia obstinata (Stal, 1860). Uma lista remissiva das espécies incluídas é fornecida, incluíndo as seis novas espécies de Chinavia Orian descritas neste trabalho: Chinavia vanduzeei sp. nov. do Peru e Brasil (AM, PA); Chinavia schuhi sp. nov. do Peru, Colômbia e Brasil (AM); Chinavia sebastiaoi sp. nov. do Brasil (MS), Bolívia e Paraguai; Chinavia cearensis sp. nov., Chinavia tuiucauna sp. nov. e Chinavia rufitibia sp. nov. do Brasil (CE, BA e PR, respectivamente). No Brasil, são registradas 32 espécies de Chinavia, dentre as quais 18 endêmicas; uma chave pictórica para a identificação das espécies e a diagnose, dados de distribuição e, quando disponível, o registro das plantas hospedeiras de cada uma delas, são apresentados.

Relação filogenètica entre sete espécies de Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil baseada no sequenciamento de genes mitocondriais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Relacionamento filogenético entre espécies pertencentes às famílias Belostomatidae, Gelastocoridae, Gerridae, Notonectidae, Veliidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) e Cercopidae (Hemiptera:Auchenorrhyncha)

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Diagnóstico molecular e relações filogenéticas entre nove espécies de Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da relação filogenética entre Triatoma carcavalloi Jurberg, Rocha; Lent, 1998; Triatoma circummaculata Stal, 1859; Triatoma klugi Carcavallo, Jurberg, Lent; Galvão, 2001 e Triatoma rubrovaria Blanchard, 1843 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) baseada no sequenciamento de genes do DNA mitocondrial e nuclear

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo morfológico, morfométrico e molecular de espécies do complexo Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise molecular do subcomplexo Brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Triatominae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Seasonal activity and abundance of Orosius orientalis (Hemiptera : Cicadellidae) at agricultural sites in Southeastern Australia

Orosius orientalis is a leafhopper vector of several viruses and phytoplasmas affecting a broad range of agricultural crops. Sweep net, yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap collection techniques were evaluated. Seasonal distribution of O. orientalis was surveyed over two successive growing seasons around the borders of commercially grown tobacco crops. Orosius orientalis seasonal activity as assessed using pan and sticky traps was characterised by a trimodal peak and relative abundance as assessed using sweep nets differed between field sites with peak activity occurring in spring and summer months. Yellow pan traps consistently trapped a higher number of O. orientalis than yellow sticky traps.

Impact of mirid (Creontiades spp.) (Hemiptera: Miridae) pest management on Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) outbreaks: The case for conserving natural enemies

Creontiades spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) are sucking pests that attack buds, flowers and young pods in mungbeans, Vigna radiata (L.), causing these structures subsequently to abort. If left uncontrolled, mirids can cause 25-50% yield loss. Traditional industry practice has involved prophylactic applications of dimethoate to control mirids at budding and again a week later. The present trial was initiated to highlight the dangers of such a practice, in particular the risk of a subsequent Helicoverpa spp. lepidopteran pest outbreak. A single application of dimethoate halved the population of important natural enemies of Helicoverpa spp., and caused an above-threshold outbreak of Helicoverpa spp. within 11 days. This shows that even a moderate (e.g. 50%) reduction in natural enemies may be sufficient to increase Helicoverpa spp. populations in mungbeans. As a result, prophylactic sprays should not be used for the control of mirids in mungbeans, and dimethoate should be applied only when mirids are above the economic threshold. Indoxacarb was also tested to establish its effect on Helicoverpa spp., mirids and natural enemies. Indoxacarb showed potential for Helicoverpa spp. control and suppression of mirids and had little impact on natural enemies.

Utilizing the assassin bug, Pristhesancus plagipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), as a biological control agent within an integrated pest management programme for Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Creontiades spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) in cotton

Helicoverpa spp. and mirids, Creontiades spp., have been difficult to control biologically in cotton due to their unpredictable temporal abundance combined with a cropping environment often made hostile by frequent usage of broad spectrum insecticides. To address this problem, a range of new generation insecticides registered for use in cotton were tested for compatibility with the assassin bug, Pristhesancus plagipennis (Walker), a potential biological control agent for Helicoverpa spp. and Creontiades spp. Indoxacarb, pyriproxifen, buprofezin, spinosad and fipronil were found to be of low to moderate toxicity on P. plagipennis whilst emamectin benzoate, abamectin, diafenthiuron, imidacloprid and omethaote were moderate to highly toxic. Inundative releases of P. plagipennis integrated with insecticides identified as being of low toxicity were then tested and compared with treatments of P. plagipennis and the compatible insecticides used alone, conventionally sprayed usage practice and an untreated control during two field experiments in cotton. The biological control provided by P. plagipennis nymphs when combined with compatible insecticides provided significant (P<0.001) reductions in Helicoverpa and Creontiades spp. on cotton and provided equivalent yields to conventionally sprayed cotton with half of the synthetic insecticide input. Despite this, the utilization of P. plagipennis in cotton as part of an integrated pest management programme remains unlikely due to high inundative release costs relative to other control technologies such as insecticides and transgenic (Bt) cotton varieties.

Variation in acquisition of Fiji disease virus by Perkinsiella saccharicida (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Fiji leaf gall, caused the Fiji disease virus (genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae, FDV), is a serious disease of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., in Australia and several other Asia-Pacific countries. In Australia FDV is transmitted only by the planthopper Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), in a propagative manner. Successful transmission of FDV by single planthoppers confined to individual virus free plants is highly variable, even under controlled conditions. The research reported here addresses two possible sources of this variation: 1) gender, wing form, and life stage of the planthopper; and 2) genotype of the source plant. The acquisition of FDV by macropterous males, macropterous females, brachypterous females, and nymphs of P. saccharicida from infected plants was investigated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to diagnose FDV infection in the vector. The proportion of individuals infected with FDV was not statistically related to life stage, gender, or adult wing form of the vector. The acquisition of FDV by P. saccharicida from four cultivars of sugarcane was compared to assess the influence of plant genotype on acquisition. Those planthopper populations reared on diseased 'NCo310' plants had twice as many infected planthoppers as those reared on 'Q110', 'WD1', and 'WD2'. Therefore, variation in FDV acquisition in this system is not the result of variation in the gender, wing form and life stage of the P. saccharicida vectors. The cultivar used as the source plant to rear vector populations does affect the proportion of infected planthoppers in a population.

Specificity of Carvalhotingis visenda (Hemiptera: Tingidae) as a biological control agent for cat's claw creeper Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae) in Australia

Biological control is considered the most suitable management option for cat's claw creeper, Macfadyena unguis-cati, a major environmental weed in coastal and sub-coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. The potential host range of the leaf-sucking bug, Carvalhotingis visenda (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was evaluated on the basis of nymphal survival and development, adult feeding and survival, and oviposition preference using choice and no-choice tests involving 38 plant species in 10 families. In no-choice tests, although adults survived on a few of the non-target plants, no eggs were laid on any of the non-target plants. In no-choice condition, the tingid oviposits and completes nymphal development only on M. unguis-cati. There was also no visible feeding damage on any of the non-target plants. In choice tests, adults showed distinct preference for M. unguis-cati, and the preference level increased over time as the tingids moved away from the non-target plants. At the end of the trial no adults were evident on any of the non-target plants. Host specificity tests confirm that the tingid is a highly host specific biocontrol agent, and does not pose risk to any non-target plants in Australia. This agent has been approved for field release by the relevant regulatory authorities in Australia.

Temporal patterns in incidence and abundance of Aconophora compressa (Hemiptera: Membracidae), a biological control agent for Lantana camara, on target and nontarget plants

The membracid Aconophora compressa Walker, a biological control agent released in 1995 to control Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) in Australia, has since been collected on several nontarget plant species. Our survey suggests that sustained populations of A. compressa are found only on the introduced nontarget ornamental Citharexylum spinosum (Verbenaceae) and the target weed L. camara. It is found on other nontarget plant species only when populations on C. spinosum and L. camara are high, suggesting that the presence of populations on nontarget species may be a spill-over effect. Some of the incidence and abundance on nontarget plants could have been anticipated from host specificity studies done on this agent before release, whereas others could not. This raises important issues about predicting risks posed by weed biological control agents and the need for long-term postintroduction monitoring on nontarget species.