Proyecto Hel??ades. Sensibilizaci??n con el medio ambiente

Se describen un conjunto de actividades englobadas dentro del proyecto Hel??ades, desarrolladas en el IES Loustau Valverde (Valencia de Alc??ntara, C??ceres) y que surgieron despu??s de que la comarca de Valencia de Alc??ntara sufriera importantes incendios forestales durante el verano. Entre los objetivos del proyecto estaban analizar las causas de los incendios, implicar al centro en la recuperaci??n de la zona y concienciar a la comunidad educativa de la necesidad de preservar el entorno.

Rotation Grazing Demonstrations With Beef Cows on HEL - Adams County Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Project

Two grazing systems were demonstrated on Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) land in southwestern Iowa near Corning in the summers of 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995. This report summarizes the 1995 data and compares them to results from the four previous years. The systems, a 13-paddock intensive-rotational grazing system and a 4-paddock more traditional rotation, both established in 1991, are aimed at showing economically sustainable grass alternatives for steeply sloping (9-14% slope), highly erodible land (HEL) once the 10-year CRP ends. In a 147-day grazing season in 1995, nursing crossbred calves with no creep gained 2.36 pounds and 2.38 pounds per day on the 13- and 4-paddock systems, respectively. The rotations were stocked at 1.65 acres per cow-calf pair on the 13-paddock system and 1.72 acres per pair on the 4-paddock system. This produced 210.2 pounds of calf gain per acre on the 13-paddock system and 203.2 pounds of calf gain per acre on the 4- paddock system.. Similar calves gained 2.37 pounds and 2.50 pounds per day for 155 days, yielding a total gain per acre of 222.7 pounds on the 13-paddock system and 224.9 pounds on the 4-paddock system in 1994. Results for 1992 remain the highest from both systems in the five years of grazing, with calf gain per head per day at 2.45 for 155 days netting 241.9 pounds per acre on the 13- paddock system and calf gain per head per day at 2.38 for 154 days on the 4-paddock system yielding 263.6 pounds per acre. Cows maintained both their weight and condition scores in both systems again in 1995. A third system, the 18-paddock intensive-rotational grazing system, was stocked with stocker steers in 1995, and the results are reported in a second article in the 1996 ISU Beef Research Report entitled “Intensive- Rotational Grazing Steers on Highly Erodible Land at the Adams County CRP Project.” Concerning grazing management, paddocks were grazed four, five, or six times in the 13-paddock intensive- rotational grazing system during the 147-day grazing season of 1995. This number of times grazed per paddock was nearly equal to times grazed per paddock in 1994. However, several paddocks were subdivided temporarily to equalize paddock size and increase grazing uniformity. This increased the total number of cattle moves in the 13-paddock system from 78 in 1994 to 109 in 1995. The average length of stay on each paddock or subdivision of a paddock per grazing time was 1 to 2.2 days. This was less than in any of the other four grazing years in this project. The principle of not grazing more than half the standing forage during any one grazing period was closely followed in 1995. All paddocks in the 13-paddock system were also rested approximately the recommended 30 days between each grazing cycle in 1995.

Sēfer Neṭaʿ šaʿašûʿîm : enṭhelṭ zaiṭṭen lehren

ešer ḥibbēr avî ... Hirš ...

Sēfer Maḥanē Lēwî : enṭhelṭ di tzehn geboṭe Goṭṭez erlaiṭerṭ durch oiztzige oiz dem talmud und midreš und ferwebṭ miṭ gezammelṭen ertzehlungen und gedichṭen ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Sēfer Maḥanē Yiśśākār : ein jidiš-daiṭšes lezebuch we-hû ḥēleq šēnî mē-has-sēfer Maḥanē Yiśrā'ēl ; enṭhelṭ ziṭṭenlehren ... ois dem talmud und midreš ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Sēfer Maḥanē Yiśśākār : ein jidiš-daiṭšez lezebuch we-hû ḥēleq šēnî mē-has-sēfer Maḥanē Yiśrā'ēl ; enṭhelṭ ziṭṭenlehren ... ois dem talmud und midreš ...

heroizgegeben fon Ber Frenk

Berākā mešûllešet : enṭhelṭend 3 goṭṭesdiensṭliche fortṭrege gehalṭen in der sinagoge ... im rechṭen Donoi-ufer in Buda-Pesṭ

mimmenî Śimḥā Hallas

Sēfer Berît Avrāhām : diezes sefer enṭhelṭ di dinim fon mile und prie wi oich di minhogim fir baal bris ... am ṭage der mile ... daiṭlich in laichṭ feršṭendlicher jidiš daiṭšen šprache

Digitalisat der Ausg. Erlau, [1886/87]

Yaḳhel Shelomoh : ...derushim...

Mode of access: Internet.

A peptide-binding motif for I-A(g7), the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule of NOD and Biozzi AB/H mice

The class II major histocompatibility complex molecule I-A(g7) is strongly linked to the development of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in non obese diabetic mice and to the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Biozzi AB/H mice. Structurally, it resembles the HLA-DQ molecules associated with human IDDM, in having a non-Asp residue at position 57 in its beta chain. To identify the requirements for peptide binding to I-A(g7) and thereby potentially pathogenic T cell epitopes, we analyzed a known I-A(g7)-restricted T cell epitope, hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) amino acids 9-27. NH2- and COOH-terminal truncations demonstrated that the minimal epitope for activation of the T cell hybridoma 2D12.1 was M12-R21 and the minimum sequence for direct binding to purified I-A(g7) M12-Y20/K13-R21. Alanine (A) scanning revealed two primary anchors for binding at relative positions (p) 6 (L) and 9 (Y) in the HEL epitope. The critical role of both anchors was demonstrated by incorporating L and Y in poly(A) backbones at the same relative positions as in the HEL epitope. Well-tolerated, weakly tolerated, and nontolerated residues were identified by analyzing the binding of peptides containing multiple substitutions at individual positions. Optimally, p6 was a large, hydrophobic residue (L, I, V, M), whereas p9 was aromatic and hydrophobic (Y or F) or positively charged (K, R). Specific residues were not tolerated at these and some other positions. A motif for binding to I-A(g7) deduced from analysis of the model HEL epitope was present in 27/30 (90%) of peptides reported to be I-A(g7)-restricted T cell epitopes or eluted from I-A(g7). Scanning a set of overlapping peptides encompassing human proinsulin revealed the motif in 6/6 good binders (sensitivity = 100%) and 4/13 weak or non-binders (specificity = 70%). This motif should facilitate identification of autoantigenic epitopes relevant to the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of IDDM.

Leishmania major-specific B cells are necessary for Th2 cell development and susceptibility to L. major LV39 in BALB/c mice.

B lymphocytes are considered to play a minimal role in host defense against Leishmania major. In this study, the contribution of B cells to susceptibility to infection with different strains of L. major was investigated in BALB/c mice lacking mature B cells due to the disruption of the IgM transmembrane domain (microMT). Whereas BALB/c microMT remained susceptible to infection with L. major IR173 and IR75, they were partially resistant to infection with L. major LV39. Adoptive transfer of naive B cells into BALB/c microMT mice before infection restored susceptibility to infection with L. major LV39, demonstrating a role for B cells in susceptibility to infection with this parasite. In contrast, adoptive transfer of B cells that express an IgM/IgD specific for hen egg lysozyme (HEL), an irrelevant Ag, did not restore disease progression in BALB/c microMT mice infected with L. major LV39. This finding was likely due to the inability of HEL Tg B cells to internalize and present Leishmania Ags to specific T cells. Furthermore, specific Ig did not contribute to disease progression as assessed by transfer of immune serum in BALB/c microMT mice. These data suggest that direct Ag presentation by specific B cells and not Ig effector functions is involved in susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection with L. major LV39.

Evaluation des informations préopératoires et du consentement signé en chirurgie pédiatrique

1. Abstract Au XXème siècle la médecine a passablement évolué et la question de l'implication du patient dans le processus de décision thérapeutique devient petit à petit une nécessité. La théorie du consentement éclairé apparaît en Suisse à la fin des années 70 et l'information du patient devient un thème incontournable. C'est dans cette perspective que le formulaire de consentement vient progressivement s'imposer. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence qu'elles pouvaient être les directives éthiques et juridiques en matière de formulaire de consentement en vue d'une intervention chirurgicale. Pour que ce formulaire soit validé, il doit être accompagné d'une information claire et appropriée afin obtenir un consentement libre et éclairé du patient tant du point de vue éthique que juridique. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'usage et l'utilisation du formulaire de consentement employé au sein du service de chirurgie pédiatrique au CHUV et à l'HEL. Afin d'en avoir un bon reflet, nous avons soumis un questionnaire à des chirurgiens cadres ou chefs de cliniques du service de chirurgie pédiatrique. Ce questionnaire se base sur des questions soulevées par la littérature traitant du sujet ainsi que sur l'article 21 de la loi sur la Santé publique du canton de Vaud qui dit, en résumé, que le minimum requis est le droit à l'information afin de donner valablement un consentement. Il est composé de trois parties. Dans la première partie, il en ressort qu'en règle générale les chirurgiens s'accordent sur la définition du formulaire de consentement. Ils sont dans l'ensemble satisfaits du formulaire en vigueur et n'en modifieraient pas la structure. Dans la deuxième partie, la signature du formulaire est vue comme une obligation mais la raison de cette obligation n'a pas la même signification pour chacun et les avis divergent quant il s'agit de savoir qui cela protège. Dans la troisième partie, ils s'accordent tous sur le contenu de l'information jugé nécessaire à donner aux parents des futurs opérés. En conclusion, les chirurgiens pédiatres semblent globalement satisfaits du formulaire actuel et peu le modifieraient. Nous trouvons important de mentionner que peu soulèvent le fait que le principal concerné par l'intervention est l'enfant et que son avis n'est pas toujours sollicité. A l'avenir, il sera important d'impliquer l'enfant dans cette démarche tout en tenant compte de son degré de maturité.

Zinc et diarrhées chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans: les recommandations de l'OMS applicables en Suisse [Zinc and diarrhea in children under 5 years: WHO recommendations implemented in Switzerland].

In Europe, acute diarrhea, particularly caused by rotavirus are frequently the cause of epidemics in nurseries, schools, and even hospitals. Studies in many developing countries show that taking 10 to 20 mg per day of zinc for 10 to 14 days, during and after diarrhea, decreases the severity and reduces the number of episodes of diarrhea occurring within 2 to 3 months following the intake of zinc. However, the few studies conducted in developed countries do not confirm or deny its effectiveness in these countries, thereby limiting the global implementation of WHO recommendations for acute diarrhea. The ongoing study at the HEL (Children hospital - Lausanne) aims to promote this additional therapy in children under 5 years of age, perhaps allowing the helvetic application of the new WHO recommendations.

Differential effectiveness of microbially induced resistance against herbivorous insects in Arabidopsis.

Rhizobacteria-induced systemic resistance (ISR) and pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR) have a broad, yet partly distinct, range of effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms. Here, we investigated the effectiveness of ISR and SAR in Arabidopsis against the tissue-chewing insects Pieris rapae and Spodoptera exigua. Resistance against insects consists of direct defense, such as the production of toxins and feeding deterrents and indirect defense such as the production of plant volatiles that attract carnivorous enemies of the herbivores. Wind-tunnel experiments revealed that ISR and SAR did not affect herbivore-induced attraction of the parasitic wasp Cotesia rubecula (indirect defense). By contrast, ISR and SAR significantly reduced growth and development of the generalist herbivore S. exigua, although not that of the specialist P. rapae. This enhanced direct defense against S. exigua was associated with potentiated expression of the defense-related genes PDF1.2 and HEL. Expression profiling using a dedicated cDNA microarray revealed four additional, differentially primed genes in microbially induced S. exigua-challenged plants, three of which encode a lipid-transfer protein. Together, these results indicate that microbially induced plants are differentially primed for enhanced insect-responsive gene expression that is associated with increased direct defense against the generalist S. exigua but not against the specialist P. rapae.

Reactive electrophile species activate defense gene expression in Arabidopsis.

Compounds containing alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups are increasingly implicated as potent regulators of gene expression; some are powerful cytotoxins known to accumulate at the site of lesion formation in host-pathogen interactions. We used a robust measurement of photosynthetic efficiency to quantify the toxicity of a variety of lipid derivatives in Arabidopsis leaves. Small alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (e.g. acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone) were highly active and proved to be potent stimulators of expression of the pathogenesis-related gene HEL (PR4). These small volatile electrophiles were far more active than larger alkenal homologs like 2(E)-hexenal, and activated HEL expression in a manner independent of salicylate, ethylene, and jasmonate production/perception. Electrophile treatment massively increased the levels of unesterified cyclopentenone jasmonates, which themselves are electrophiles. Patterns of gene expression in response to electrophile treatment and in response to avirulent bacteria were compared, which revealed strikingly similar transcript profiles. The results broaden the range of known biologic effects of reactive electrophile species to include the activation of a pathogenesis-related gene (HEL) and genes involved in metabolism. Electrophiles can act as mediators of both genetic and biochemical effects on core defense signal transduction.