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Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Kivet, orfeussoittimet. Kielen väkivalta ja eettisen puheen mahdollisuus Harri Nordellin teoksissa Tomunhäikäisyvalo sekä Valkoinen kirja

Tutkimukseni tavoitteena on tarkastella kielelle määrittyvää paikkaa Harri Nordellin teoksissa Tomunhäikäisyvalo (2000) ja Valkoinen kirja (2006). Keskeinen tutkimusongelmani on, millä tavoin kielen kyseenalaistuminen nousee kokoelmia määrittäväksi piirteeksi, ja miten vaikeneminen ja uudelleen löydetty kieli määrittävät kokoelmien puhujaa. Kieli liittyy kokoelmissa eettisiin kysymyksiin. Huomionarvoiseksi nousee se, miten ihminen puhuu ja nimeää. Puhuja sovittelee uikkua ”avoimeksi muodokseen” ja kaakkuria ”tulemispuvukseen”, mikä viittaa siihen, kuinka laulussa puhuja on itsestään irrallaan ja tässä erityisessä kokemuksessa voi myös kohdata toisen ja luonnon eri tavalla kuin arkisessa kokemuksessa. Liitän teeman laajempaan kysymykseen subjekti-objekti-asetelman murtamisesta ja uudenlaisen maailmasuhteen etsinnästä. Orfeus on kokoelmien avainhahmo tarkastellessani sitä, millainen merkitys runoudelle ja runouden kielelle Nordellin kokoelmissa määrittyy. Orfeuksen Manalan matka on yksi keskeisiä metaforia, jonka kautta lähestyn sitä, kuinka teokset kommentoivat itseään sanataiteena, ja millainen asema runoudelle määrittyy. Tutkielmani teoreettisena pohjana ovat Martin Heideggerin ja Maurice Blanchot´n kieli- ja kirjallisuusajattelu. Blanchot´n mukaan kirjallisuus on avaruutena totaalisen vieras universaalille järjelle ja totuudelle. Blanchot´n filosofian ydinkysymys on, onko mahdollista ajatella toista tai ulkopuolta ilman, että tuhoaisi toiseutta kielen keinoin ja mikä on se, mikä jää filosofian systemaattisten järjestelmien ulkopuolelle. Heidegger painottaa kielellisyyttämme, ja nimeää runoilijat ja ajattelijat ”olemisen paimeniksi”. Blanchot´n ajattelua mukaillen, runous on vapautettu merkitsemästä, ja kielen materiaalisuus korostuu. Heideggerin kieliajattelu taas painottaa sitä, että runoilijan on kuljettava jokapäiväisen kielenkäytön tuolla puolen toisella tavalla. Hänen on altistuttava huomaamaan totunnaisen kielenkäytön petollisuus, ja luotava ja kirkastettava. Tarkastelen Nordellin teoksia toisaalta merkitsemästä vapautetun kielen painottomana avaruutena, toisaalta maailman suuntautumista uudistavana kielenä.

Arkistoluettelo 636: Harri Suilamo

Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Harri Suilamon arkiston sisällöstä

Arkistoluettelo 721: Harri Wessman

Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Harri Wessmanin arkiston sisällöstä

Arkistoluettelo 099: Heino Kaski

Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Heino Kasken arkiston sisällöstä (arkistoluettelo 99)

Arkistoluettelo 630: Harri Tuominen

Luettelo Kansalliskirjastossa olevan Harri Tuomisen arkiston sisällöstä

A caveolin dominant negative mutant associates with lipid bodies and induces intracellular cholesterol imbalance

Recent studies have indicated a role for caveolin in regulating cholesterol-dependent signaling events. In the present study we have analyzed the role of caveolins in intracellular cholesterol cycling using a dominant negative caveolin mutant. The mutant caveolin protein, cav-3(DGV) specifically associates with the membrane surrounding large lipid droplets. These structures contain neutral lipids, and are accessed by caveolin 1-3 upon overexpression. Fluorescence, electron, and video microscopy observations are consistent with formation of the membrane-enclosed lipid rich structures by maturation of subdomains of the ER. The caveolin mutant causes the intracellular accumulation of free cholesterol (FC) in late endosomes, a decrease in surface cholesterol and a decrease in cholesterol efflux and synthesis. The amphiphile U18666A acts synergistically with cav(DGV) to increase intracellular accumulation of FC. Incubation of cells with oleic acid induces a significant accumulation of full-length caveolins in the enlarged lipid droplets. We conclude that caveolin can associate with the membrane surrounding lipid droplets and is a key component involved in intracellular cholesterol balance and lipid transport in fibroblasts.

Brazilian flora extracts as source of novel antileishmanial and antifungal compounds

Natural products have long been providing important drug leads for infectious diseases. Leishmaniasis is a protozoan parasitic disease found mainly in developing countries, and it has toxic therapies with few alternatives. Fungal infections have been the main cause of death in immunocompromised patients and new drugs are urgently needed. In this work, a total of 16 plant species belonging to 11 families, selected on an ethnopharmacological basis, were analyzed in vitro against Leishmania (L.) chagasi, Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, Candida krusei, and C. parapsilosis. Of these plant species, seven showed antifungal activity against C. krusei, five showed antileishmanial activity against L. chagasi and four against L. amazonensis, among them species of genus Plectranthus. Our findings confirm the traditional therapeutic use of these plants in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory disorders and also offer insights into the isolation of active and novel drug prototypes, especially those used against neglected diseases as Leishmaniasis.

Evolutionary impact assessment: accounting for evolutionary consequences of fishing in an ecosystem approach to fisheries management

Managing fisheries resources to maintain healthy ecosystems is one of the main goals of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). While a number of international treaties call for the implementation of EAF, there are still gaps in the underlying methodology. One aspect that has received substantial scientific attention recently is fisheries-induced evolution (FIE). Increasing evidence indicates that intensive fishing has the potential to exert strong directional selection on life-history traits, behaviour, physiology, and morphology of exploited fish. Of particular concern is that reversing evolutionary responses to fishing can be much more difficult than reversing demographic or phenotypically plastic responses. Furthermore, like climate change, multiple agents cause FIE, with effects accumulating over time. Consequently, FIE may alter the utility derived from fish stocks, which in turn can modify the monetary value living aquatic resources provide to society. Quantifying and predicting the evolutionary effects of fishing is therefore important for both ecological and economic reasons. An important reason this is not happening is the lack of an appropriate assessment framework. We therefore describe the evolutionary impact assessment (EvoIA) as a structured approach for assessing the evolutionary consequences of fishing and evaluating the predicted evolutionary outcomes of alternative management options. EvoIA can contribute to EAF by clarifying how evolution may alter stock properties and ecological relations, support the precautionary approach to fisheries management by addressing a previously overlooked source of uncertainty and risk, and thus contribute to sustainable fisheries.

Can fisheries-induced evolution shift reference points for fisheries management?

Biological reference points are important tools for fisheries management. Reference points are not static, but may change when a population's environment or the population itself changes. Fisheries-induced evolution is one mechanism that can alter population characteristics, leading to "shifting" reference points by modifying the underlying biological processes or by changing the perception of a fishery system. The former causes changes in "true" reference points, whereas the latter is caused by changes in the yardsticks used to quantify a system's status. Unaccounted shifts of either kind imply that reference points gradually lose their intended meaning. This can lead to increased precaution, which is safe, but potentially costly. Shifts can also occur in more perilous directions, such that actual risks are greater than anticipated. Our qualitative analysis suggests that all commonly used reference points are susceptible to shifting through fisheries-induced evolution, including the limit and "precautionary" reference points for spawning-stock biomass, Blim and Bpa, and the target reference point for fishing mortality, F0.1. Our findings call for increased awareness of fisheries-induced changes and highlight the value of always basing reference points on adequately updated information, to capture all changes in the biological processes that drive fish population dynamics.