Brief notes on present practice in central station equipment,

Typescript.

Handbook of the National District Heating Association ...

Loose leaf; variously paged.

High temperature water heating systems.

"December 1991."

Underground insulated piping systems : excluding walk-in tunnels.

"Prepared under Contract No. CST 263 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Bureau of Standards."

Dissolved iron measurements from 32 stations in the Central Arctic Ocean and Arctic Shelf Sea during POLARSTERN expedition ARK-XXII/2

Concentrations of dissolved (<0.2 µm) Fe (DFe) in the Arctic shelf seas and in the surface waters of the central Arctic Ocean are presented. In the Barents and Kara seas, near-surface DFe minima indicate depletion of DFe by phytoplankton growth. Below the surface, lower DFe concentrations in the Kara Sea (~0.4-0.6 nM) than in the Barents Sea (~0.6-0.8 nM) likely reflect scavenging removal or biological depletion of DFe. Very high DFe concentrations (>10 nM) in the bottom waters of the Laptev Sea shelf may be attributed to either sediment resuspension, sinking of brine or regeneration of DFe in the lower layers. A significant correlation (R2 = 0.60) between salinity and DFe is observed. Using d18O, salinity, nutrients and total alkalinity data, the main source for the high (>2 nM) DFe concentrations in the Amundsen and Makarov Basins is identified as (Eurasian) river water, transported with the Transpolar Drift (TPD). On the North American side of the TPD, the DFe concentrations are low (<0.8 nM) and variations are determined by the effects of sea-ice meltwater, biological depletion and remineralization and scavenging in halocline waters from the shelf. This distribution pattern of DFe is also supported by the ratio between unfiltered and dissolved Fe (high (>4) above the shelf and low (<4) off the shelf).

Partial melting within the lower crust – Constraints from bulk rock geochemical data and trace element mineral analyses of granulites and migmatites from Central Finland

This PhD thesis concerns geochemical constraints on recycling and partial melting of Archean continental crust. A natural example of such processes was found in the Iisalmi area of Central Finland. The rocks from this area are Middle to Late Archean in age and experienced metamorphism and partial melting between 2.7-2.63 Ga. The work is based on extensive field work. It is furthermore founded on bulk rock geochemical data as well as in-situ analyses of minerals. All geochemical data were obtained at the Institute of Geosciences, University of Mainz using X-ray fluorescence, solution ICP-MS and laser ablation-ICP-MS for bulk rock geochemical analyses. Mineral analyses were accomplished by electron microprobe and laser ablation ICP-MS. Fluid inclusions were studied by microscope on a heating-freezing-stage at the Geoscience Center, University Göttingen. Part I focuses on the development of a new analytical method for bulk rock trace element determination by laser ablation-ICP-MS using homogeneous glasses fused from rock powder on an Iridium strip heater. This method is applicable for mafic rock samples whose melts have low viscosities and homogenize quickly at temperatures of ~1200°C. Highly viscous melts of felsic samples prevent melting and homogenization at comparable temperatures. Fusion of felsic samples can be enabled by addition of MgO to the rock powder and adjustment of melting temperature and melting duration to the rock composition. Advantages of the fusion method are low detection limits compared to XRF analyses and avoidance of wet-chemical processing and use of strong acids as in solution ICP-MS as well as smaller sample volumes compared to the other methods. Part II of the thesis uses bulk rock geochemical data and results from fluid inclusion studies for discrimination of melting processes observed in different rock types. Fluid inclusion studies demonstrate a major change in fluid composition from CO2-dominated fluids in granulites to aqueous fluids in TTG gneisses and amphibolites. Partial melts were generated in the dry, CO2-rich environment by dehydration melting reactions of amphibole which in addition to tonalitic melts produced the anhydrous mineral assemblages of granulites (grt + cpx + pl ± amph or opx + cpx + pl + amph). Trace element modeling showed that mafic granulites are residues of 10-30 % melt extraction from amphibolitic precursor rocks. The maximum degree of melting in intermediate granulites was ~10 % as inferred from modal abundances of amphibole, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Carbonic inclusions are absent in upper-amphibolite facies migmatites whereas aqueous inclusion with up to 20 wt% NaCl are abundant. This suggests that melting within TTG gneisses and amphibolites took place in the presence of an aqueous fluid phase that enabled melting at the wet solidus at temperatures of 700-750°C. The strong disruption of pre-metamorphic structures in some outcrops suggests that the maximum amount of melt in TTG gneisses was ~25 vol%. The presence of leucosomes in all rock types is taken as the principle evidence for melt formation. However, mineralogical appearance as well as major and trace element composition of many leucosomes imply that leucosomes seldom represent frozen in-situ melts. They are better considered as remnants of the melt channel network, e.g. ways on which melts escaped from the system. Part III of the thesis describes how analyses of minerals from a specific rock type (granulite) can be used to determine partition coefficients between different minerals and between minerals and melt suitable for lower crustal conditions. The trace element analyses by laser ablation-ICP-MS show coherent distribution among the principal mineral phases independent of rock composition. REE contents in amphibole are about 3 times higher than REE contents in clinopyroxene from the same sample. This consistency has to be taken into consideration in models of lower crustal melting where amphibole is replaced by clinopyroxene in the course of melting. A lack of equilibrium is observed between matrix clinopyroxene / amphibole and garnet porphyroblasts which suggests a late stage growth of garnet and slow diffusion and equilibration of the REE during metamorphism. The data provide a first set of distribution coefficients of the transition metals (Sc, V, Cr, Ni) in the lower crust. In addition, analyses of ilmenite and apatite demonstrate the strong influence of accessory phases on trace element distribution. Apatite contains high amounts of REE and Sr while ilmenite incorporates about 20-30 times higher amounts of Nb and Ta than amphibole. Furthermore, trace element mineral analyses provide evidence for magmatic processes such as melt depletion, melt segregation, accumulation and fractionation as well as metasomatism having operated in this high-grade anatectic area.

New data on the natural history and description of the immatures of Fulgeochlizus bruchi, a bioluminescent beetle from Central Brazil (Elateridae, Pyrophorini)

The mature larva and pupa of Fulgeochlizus bruchi (Candèze, 1896) are described and illustrated. Bioluminescent patterns are also given. Comments, new data on the first instar larva and natural history data are presented. The first instar larvae differ from the mature larvae mainly in their chaetotaxy, which is sparse and more symmetrically distributed.

Systematic Revision of the granulatus Group of Urophonius Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Bothriuridae), with Description of a New Species from Central Chile

A systematic revision of the granulatus group of the bothriurid scorpion genus Urophonius Pocock, 1893 is presented. Urophonius pizarroi, n. sp., a new species from central Chile, is described. Urophonius granulatus Pocock, 1898, Urophonius somuncura Acosta, 2003, and Urophonius tregualemuensis Cekalovic, 1981, are redescribed using modern standards. The adult males of U. somuncura and U. tregualemuensis are described for the first time. A distribution map and key to the species of the granulatus group are provided, along with a discussion of their phenology.

Sexual maturity and egg production in an unexploited population of the red squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon (Decapoda, Galatheidae) from Central America

The squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon is one of the most common and abundant galatheid species in the deepwater fishery of Pacific coast of America. In contrast with Peru and Chile, the red squat lobster is not commercially exploited in Costa Rica. Here we estimated the size of sexual maturity and analysed egg production in P. monodon from the Pacific of Costa Rica; the results might be important for an adequate management strategy when initiating a sustainable fishery of this resource in Costa Rica. Analyses of allometric growth revealed that females and males reached their morphological sexual maturity at 26.9 and 30.4 mm CL. respectively. The percentage of immature females captured in the present study (54%) suggests that almost half of females are able to reproduce before they are caught. Egg production was positively correlated with body size; females that measured between 24.1 and 29.0 mm CL contributed roughly 90% to the offspring production of the population. Females from Costa Rica had a considerably lower average egg volume (0.039 mm(3)) and higher fecundity (9810) than females from Chile. In comparison to other American galatheids P. monodon from Costa Rica produces numerous but small eggs, a typical strategy of species with a prolonged larval development. An analysis between our results and information published about P. monodon from Chile also revealed differences in the size-frequency distribution shape of both populations. The non-exploited character of the Costa Rican P. monodon population and a latitudinal (temperature-related) cline in body size might be associated with these differences. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Description of the larvae of Synoestropsis furcata Flint, 1974 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) from central-western region, Brazil

The genus Synoestropsis contains 10 described species, six of which occur in Brazil. The species S. furcata was described by Flint (1974), based on adults only. In this paper, the larvae are described and illustrated. This description constitutes the first definitive species-level association in the genus, and also enlarges the known distribution for S. furcata.

A new species, Pretestis laticaecum, (Trematoda : Cladorchiidae), from Emydura krefftii Gray, 1871 (Pleurodira : Chelidae) from Central Queensland, Australia

Pretestis laticaecum is described from the small intestine of the freshwater turtle Emydura krefftil. The new species can be distinguished from its congener P. australianus by the following characters; significantly smaller ovary, main lymph vessels reach anterior to posterior testis, genital atrium in mid-oesophageal region, small vitelline follicles clumped around the ovary and significantly larger caeca overlapping. The, position of this species and related genera in fish, the life cycle of P. australianus and the presence of P. laticaecum in turtles suggest that it is a relatively recent host capture.

Life (dis)satisfaction and the decision to migrate: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

This paper provides empirical evidence of the impact of life satisfaction on the individual intention to migrate. The impacts of individual characteristics and of country macroeconomic variables on the intention to migrate are analyzed jointly. Differently from other studies, we allow for life satisfaction to serve as a mediator between macroeconomic variables and the intention to migrate. Using the Eurobarometer Survey for 27 Central Eastern European (CEE) and Western European (non-CEE) countries, we find that people have a higher intention to migrate when dissatisfied with life. The socio-economic variables and macroeconomic conditions have an effect on the intention to migrate indirectly through life satisfaction. The impact of life satisfaction on the intention to migrate for middle-aged individuals with past experience of migration, low level of education, and with a low or average income from urban areas is higher in CEE countries than in non-CEE countries.

Domesticación y conservación de plantas nativas del centro de Argentina con potencial de usos múltiples. Domestication and conservation of native plants from central Argentine with multiple potential uses.

Con el retroceso de los bosques nativos se pierden hábitats y recursos fitogenéticos. Existen investigaciones científicas, técnicas y rescate de saberes populares sobre el aprovechamiento de especies autóctonas, búsqueda de productos derivados y servicios ambientales. Entre ellos se destacan estudios locales sobre principios activos con actividad pesticida y medicinal y el uso en paisajismo, mejoramiento ambiental y remediación de paisajes degradados. La información para propagar muchas especies nativas cuyo uso se promueve, no existe o no está calibrada para escala de cultivos intensivos. Este proyecto se enfoca sobre cuatro especies endémicas o nativas de Espinal y Chaco, que tienen gran valor de conservación y son promisorias por su potencial simultáneo de aplicación paisajística y para elaboración de pesticidas. La meta es promover la conservación regional de flora nativa a través del uso, con estrategias in situex situ en áreas urbanas, industriales y rurales. Los objetivos específicos son a-Conservar y caracterizar muestras de las especies Flourensia oolepis, Dolichandra cynanchoides, Lepechinia floribunda y Achyrocline satureioides en el Banco Activo de Germoplasma del Jardín Botánico Gaspar Xuárez sj de la UCC; b-Estudiar la propagación y cultivo de dichas especies y c- Transferir información y capacitar recursos humanos en técnicas de cultivo intensivo ambientalmente sustentable. La metodología contempla: a- Recolección georreferenciada de germoplasma a campo, que se conservará acondicionado en el Banco; b- Caracterización y evaluación de calidad de semillas en laboratorio siguiendo normas internacionales ISTA (peso de mil semillas, poder germinativo y viabilidad) y c- Calibración de protocolos de propagación sexual y cultivo en vivero (variables de supervivencia, sustratos, inóculos). La capacitación de recursos humanos se hará mediante pasantías y talleres de capacitación en el marco del Jardín Botánico y transferencia de información a viveristas, emprendedores y paisajistas. Como productos se esperan 40 nuevas accesiones al Banco y su correspondiente evaluación de calidad de semillas, protocolos de métodos de propagación y cultivo, la realización de un taller de capacitación y una pasantía al año y la publicación de resultados. La pertinencia de estudiar la domesticación de estas especies surge frente a su potencial de uso para múltiples fines y frente al poco desarrollo que aún presenta el sector de producción intensiva de especies nativas. Se espera que la información generada sirva de base, tanto para aportar materias primas y avanzar regionalmente en el desarrollo agroindustrial de pesticidas naturales, como para la provisión de ejemplares cultivados con técnicas conservativas de variabilidad y viabilidad genética para intervenciones paisajistas en áreas urbanas y remediación de paisajes, evitando la extracción directa del recurso.