Adoption of information technology based patient education in psychiatric nursing

The overall goal of the study was to describe adoption of information technology (IT)-based patient education (PE) developed for patients and nurses use in psychiatric nursing. The data were collected in three phases during the period 2000-2006 in a variety of psychiatric settings in Finland. Firstly, the development process of IT-based PE for patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychosis was described. Secondly, nurses’ adoption of IT-based PE and the variables explaining adoption were demonstrated. Moreover, use of daily IT-based PE in clinical practice and factors associated with use were identified and described. And thirdly, nurses’ experiences of the IT-based PE after one year clinical use were evaluated. IT-based PE program was developed in several stages based on users’ needs and it included information and multimedia applications. Altogether, almost 500 IT-based PE sessions were carried out by the nurses on the study wards and revealed nurses’ activity in educating patients using IT to vary and depend on the hospital in which they worked. Almost 80% of all the possible IT-based PE sessions involved 93 patients and 83 nurses. Less than 2% of the IT-based PE sessions were interrupted and less than 10% suffered disturbances due to the patients or external causes. Moreover, the patients whose education took more days had poorer mental status than those whose education was carried out over a shorter period. After a year’s experience, advantages and disadvantages were described by the nurses for both patients and nurses of the IT-based PE. IT-based PE can be used even on closed acute psychiatric wards with patients with serious mental health disorders. However, technology adoption requires time, and therefore, it must fit in with clinical practice. Collaboration between users and developers is needed when developing user-centered methods in the area of mental health services. Moreover, it is important to understand factors that affect IT adoption in healthcare settings. IT-based PE is one option in interactive and co-operative health care practice between patients and nurses. Therefore the staff should begin to refer patients to established, credible and well-maintained Internet sites that provide information on common psychological problems. Even if every nurse should be trained and engaged to carry out IT-based PE, by targeting the training especially for the most active nurses aids them to support the less active ones. Adoption should also be understood from a perspective that includes aspects related to the context where it is implemented and examine how and in what circumstances it works.

Inservice education activities in nursing service.

Cover title.

Distance education in neonatal nursing scenarios: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE Identify resources that support learning mediated by technology in the field of neonatal nursing. METHOD Systematic review with searches conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO. Titles and abstracts were independently evaluated by two experts. RESULTS Of the 2,051 references, 203 full-text articles were analyzed, resulting in the inclusion of nine studies on semiotics and semiology, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, general aspects of neonatal care, diagnostic reasoning and assessment of pain. Only two articles addressed the development of educational strategies and seven papers described the assessment of these strategies by experts and/or users. CONCLUSION Distance education is an important resource for education, and its improvement and updating, and it particularly adds advantages for neonatal nursing by approximating teaching and real-life situations and by minimizing the exposure of newborns for teaching purposes. The lack of educational initiatives mediated by technology suggests the need for the development, evaluation and dissemination of educational resources focused on nursing care of newborns and their families.

Challenges for nursing education in Angola: the perception of nurse leaders affiliated with professional education institutions

Background: Angola is one of the African countries with the highest morbidity and mortality rates and a devastating lack of human resources for health, including nursing. The World Health Organization stimulates and takes technical cooperation initiatives for human resource education and training in health and education, with a view to the development of countries in the region. The aim in this study was to identify how nurses affiliated with nursing education institutions perceive the challenges nursing education is facing in Angola. Methods: After consulting the National Directory of Human Resources in Angola, the nurse leaders affiliated with professional nursing education institutions in Angola were invited to participate in the study by email. Data were collected in February 2009 through the focus group technique. The group of participants was focused on the central question: what are the challenges faced for nursing education in your country? To register and understand the information, besides the use of a recorder, the reporters elaborated an interpretative report. Data were coded using content analysis. Results: Fourteen nurses participated in the meeting, most of whom were affiliated with technical nursing education institutions. It was verified that the nurse leaders at technical and higher nursing education institutions in Angola face many challenges, mainly related to the lack of infrastructure, absence of trained human resources, bureaucratic problems to regularize the schools and lack of material resources. On the opposite, the solutions they present are predominantly centered on the valuation of nursing professionals, which implies cultural and attitude changes. Conclusions: Public health education policies need to be established in Angola, including action guidelines that permit effective nursing activities. Professional education institutions need further regularizations and nurses need to be acknowledged as key elements for the qualitative enhancement of health services in the country.

Social Theory and Nursing

Despite noteworthy exceptions, nursing’s literature largely disregards the ways in which social and sociological theory permeates, guides and shapes research, education, and practice. Likewise, social theory’s ability to position nursing within wider structures of healthcare and educational provision is similarly and puzzlingly downplayed. The questions nurses ask and the problems they face cannot however, adequately be addressed without engaging with social and sociological theory and, to progress this engagement, contributors to this book explore how social theories are used by and might apply to nursing and nursing practice. This work brings together leading international nursing and non-nursing scholars to stimulate thought and debate around a fascinating and enduring topic.

Clinical skills and communication in nursing students

Abstract Background: Communication is a basic tool in nursing, a crucial element of care. The quality of the interactions that take place between the nurse and the user/family influence their satisfaction and security felt with the care received. Objectives: To identify the communication skills and interpersonal relationship of nursing students in health care; identify the sociodemographic and academic variables influencing communication skills and interpersonal relationship of nursing students in health care. Methodology: Quantitative study, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with questions concerning the socio-demographic and academic characterization; basic skills of interview and clinical communication in health care; learning of clinical communication skills and range of communication skills and interpersonal relationship. The sample consisted of 374 nursing students from two Portuguese schools. Results: The majority were female (80.5%), in the age group of 18-21 years. The students recognize the importance of clinical communication skills and interpersonal relations in nursing practice (82.4%); agreed on the teaching methods of communicational skills (54.3%). Evaluated their training in the area as good (71.7%). Age, semester and school influenced communication skills and interpersonal relationship of students (p <0.5) Conclusion: The results obtained allow us to state that the education / training of nursing student in the relational context is of fundamental importance in building capacity for competent professional practice.

Perceptions d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger et de préceptrices sur les stratégies facilitant la transition professionnelle en période de préceptorat

Le nombre d’infirmières et infirmiers diplômés à l’étranger (IIDÉ) est en constante progression au Canada. Le préceptorat est qualifié d’approche exemplaire pour faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ dans le nouvel environnement (Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008). Au cours de cette période, les défis pour l’IIDÉ sont importants en raison des différences culturelles et de pratique entre les pays d’origine et d’accueil (Johnston & Mohide, 2008). Une transition réussie est nécessaire pour le bien-être des IIDÉ et leur rétention dans le milieu de travail, mais aussi pour l’impact possible sur la sécurité des patients et la qualité des soins (Kawi & Xu, 2009). Inspirée de la théorie intermédiaire de la transition (Meleis, Sawyer, Im, Messias, & Schumacher, 2000), cette recherche avait pour but de décrire les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices, en regard des stratégies utilisées en période de préceptorat, pour contrer les barrières et faciliter la transition professionnelle d’IIDÉ, en milieu de santé québécois. Les résultats de cette recherche descriptive qualitative proviennent de l’analyse d’entrevues semi-dirigées avec six IIDÉ d’origine française et deux préceptrices. Plusieurs stratégies s’adressant à l’IIDÉ, la préceptrice, l’équipe de travail et l’organisation du centre hospitalier ont été identifiées. Celles pour l’IIDÉ servent à échanger et s’intégrer, accepter et optimiser, comprendre et apprendre ainsi que comparer et sélectionner; celles pour la communauté professionnelle se résument à soutenir, encadrer, personnaliser, expliquer et justifier. Les perceptions d’IIDÉ et de préceptrices varient sur plusieurs des stratégies. Des recommandations pour la formation, la pratique et la recherche en sciences infirmières ont été formulées.

L'expérience de continuer dans les moments difficiles, une étude guidée par la perspective infirmière de l'Humaindevenant.

Le phénomène d’intérêt de la présente étude était l’expérience vivante (living) de santé continuer dans les moments difficiles. Tout en étant un phénomène courant au point d’être universellement vécue, cette expérience n’a pas fait l’objet d’une attention par les praticiens et par les chercheurs. Lorsque questionnés sur le sujet, les praticiens dans le domaine de la santé reconnaissent l’importance et la pertinence du phénomène tout en avouant ne pas avoir de connaissances et ne pas échanger sur le sujet avec leurs patients ou d’autres, dont les membres des familles. Spontanément, l’expérience de continuer dans les moments difficiles évoque la persévérance dans des moments difficiles qui sont souffrants, tout en espérant le meilleur possible qui soit. Les premières observations sur des expériences qui se rapprochent du phénomène à l’étude sont présentées dans des études portant sur les concepts apparentés de persévérance, souffrance et espérance. Le but de cette étude était de dégager la structure des significations de l’expérience vivante de continuer dans les moments difficiles à partir de l’expérience de personnes qui ont décrit le phénomène et ce, afin d’en améliorer la compréhension. La présente étude se veut une contribution au développement de connaissances utiles aux professionnels qui souhaitent satisfaire les attentes exprimées par les personnes en matière de présence attentive au vécu avec leur santé. Ils peuvent ainsi favoriser la promotion des soins centrés sur la personne alors que celle-ci cherche à clarifier sa situation et à mobiliser ses ressources pour prendre des décisions et réaliser des activités au sujet de sa santé. La méthode de recherche Parse, qui est phénoménologique-herméneutique, a été utilisée pour répondre à la question de recherche : Quelle est la structure de l’expérience vivante de continuer dans les moments difficiles? Douze adultes vivant dans deux régions du Québec au Canada ont participé à cette étude. Les données ont été recueillies par engagement dialogique et ont été analysées avec les processus d’extraction-synthèse. Les résultats sont décrits à partir des verbatim synthétisés jusqu’à une abstraction conceptuelle au niveau de l’ontologie choisie. Des concepts centraux ont été proposés et joints en une structure afin de répondre à la question de recherche. Le résultat central de cette étude est la structure suivante : continuer dans les moments difficiles, c’est la fortitude résolue au sein des vicissitudes avec la quête équivoque du contentement alors qu’émerge un horizon élargi avec des alliances bienveillantes. Cette structure a été jointe à l’ontologie de l’Humaindevenant et aux écrits empiriques et autres. L’interprétation heuristique comprend des émergeants métaphoriques et une expression artistique qui offrent un point de vue différent sur les résultats. À travers des formes d’art, les résultats sont partagés avec tous les publics. Cette étude contribue aux connaissances en sciences infirmières, étend la portée de l’ontologie choisie et améliore la compréhension au sujet de continuer dans les moments difficiles, en la reconnaissant comme une expérience vivante universelle de santé alors que les personnes souhaitent entrevoir une ouverture aux possibles avec leur santé et leur qualité de vie. Enfin, les implications pour la recherche, pour la formation et pour la pratique infirmière sont présentées.

The burnout syndrome among nurses in an urban acute care hospital

Three hundred fifty-four registered nurses from an urban acute care hospital were examined through self-report questionnaires. Nurses from trauma care, critical care and non-critical care nursing specialties participated in the study. The study focuses were (1) whether sociodemographic characteristics were significantly related to burnout; (2) what was the prevalence estimate of burnout among the population; (3) whether burnout levels differed depending upon nursing specialties and; (4) whether burnout as related to nursing stress, work environment, and work relations was mediated by sociodemographic characteristics.^ Race, age, marital status, education, seniority, rank, nursing education, and birthplace were significantly related to one or more aspects of burnout in the total population. With emotional exhaustion alone the prevalence of burnout was 62%. Using emotional exhaustion and depersonalization combined with reduced sense of personal accomplishment as a measure of burnout, thirty-four percent of the nurses were either in the pre-burnout phase or burned out. The relative importance of sociodemographic characteristics indicated that experience and race were highly significant risk factors.^ Burnout levels differed significantly depending upon nursing specialty. Specifically, levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization differed significantly between trauma care and critical care, and trauma care and non-critical care. Personal accomplishment did not differ depending upon nursing specialty. Critical care nurses did not differ significantly from non-critical care nurses on aspect of burnout.^ Race, marital status, education, seniority and rank were significant mediators of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The study offers possible explanations for the mediating effect of sociodemographic characteristics on nursing stress, work environment, work relations, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. ^

Necessidades de formação em educação para a saúde em contexto escolar: contributos para os currículos de enfermagem

Tese de Doutoramento, Educação (Desenvolvimento Curricular), 9 de Dezembro de 2013, Universidade dos Açores.