992 resultados para Hartmann, Nicolai


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Todo saber está enraizado en una situación concreta histórico-temporal. Aquí y ahora, lugar e instante, condicionamiento histórico, condicionamiento geográfico son determinaciones básicas del saber y de la vida. El saber, sin embargo, tiene también movimiento y libertad. Libertad en la elección desde dónde partir y en la elección para la clarificación de las metas, pues el campo de lo dado inmediato es un amplio campo de múltiples singularidades y relaciones. El lugar y el tiempo donde se vivió y tuvo lugar el Primer Congreso Nacional de Filosofía de 1949, en Mendoza, Argentina, constituyeron el enclave donde una sociedad de personas condicionadas por su historia y simultáneamente libres en la elección y ejecución de sus actos lo llevaron a cabo. Determinismo y libertad conjugados en este momento de la historia argentina, nuestra historia concreta.

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Spine title: Metaphysik der Erkenntnis.

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Die Wirkungsgeschichte der Philosophie Nicolai Hartmanns zeigt, daß seine Ontologie sich als unfruchtbar erwiesen hat. Diese Geschichte zeigt aber auch, daß man seine Kategorialanalyse, die er auf diese Ontologie gründet, trotzdem nicht entbehren konnte. Hermann Weins Auseinandersetzung mit Hartmann ist in dieser Hinschit deshalb wichtig, weil er dabei versucht, die Kategorialanalyse neu zu begründen. Wein bestreit, daß Kategorialanalyse überhaupt auf Ontologie gegründet werden kann. Aus der Kritik der Hartmannschen Ontologie geht er dann unmittelbar zu einer philosophischen Kosmologie über, auf die er die Kategorialanalyse gründet. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird versucht, Weins Auseinandersetzung mit seinem Lehrer als eine immanent-fundamentale Kritik darzustellen. Da diese Kritik in Weins Werk nicht explizit zum Ausdruck kommt, wird der Versuch unternommen, diese als eine solche, die von der Überprüfung eines immanenten Kriteriums ausgehend eine fundamentale Annahme problematisiert, selbstständig zu rekonstruieren. Als ein solches Kriterium wird das sog. 'Genesiskriterium' behandelt, dessen Überprüfung zur Problematisierung und schließlich zur Zrückweisung von Hartmanns Homogenitätsthese führt, welche besagt, daß Seinszusammenhang homogen ist. Die Rekonstruktion im ersten Teil ermöglicht, Weins philosophische Kosmologie im zweiten Teil als das darzustellen, die zwar der Hartmannschen Ontologie kontrovers ist, die jedoch dasselbe intendiert wie diese: die Grundlegung einer materialen Philosophie. Diese Grundlegung versucht Wein dadurch, daß er das Verhältnis zwischen Seins- und Erkenntniskategorien weder erkenntnistheoretisch, noch ontologisch, sondern kosmologisch untersucht. Das Ergebnis ist, daß zwischen ihnen keine Identität, sondern Affinität besteht, was die Bedeutung der Gültigkeitsfrage relativiert und einer materialen Philosophie neue Wege öffnet. Im dritten Teil wird Weins Anthropologie als Beispiel für eine nunmehr wieder mögliche materiale Pholosophie dargestellt. Hervorgehoben wird ihr Verhältnis zur Kosmologie, das in dem Sinne eine Ergänzung ist, daß Kosmologie als die Lehre von Urordnung der Welt von Ordnungen in der Welt abstrahieren, d.h. immer abstrakt bleiben muß, wogegen Anthropologie eine Lehre vom menschlichen In-der-Welt-Sein, d.h. eine Lehre von Concreta ist.

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PURPOSE. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of pupil center shift between the illumination conditions provided by corneal topography measurement (photopic illuminance) and by Hartmann-Shack aberrometry (mesopic illuminance) and to investigate the importance of this shift when calculating corneal aberrations and for the success of wavefront-guided surgical procedures. METHODS. Sixty-two subjects with emmetropia underwent corneal topography and Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. Corneal limbus and pupil edges were detected, and the differences between their respective centers were determined for both procedures. Corneal aberrations were calculated using the pupil centers for corneal topography and for Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. Bland-Altmann plots and paired t-tests were used to analyze the differences between corneal aberrations referenced to the two pupil centers. RESULTS. The mean magnitude (modulus) of the displacement of the pupil with the change of the illumination conditions was 0.21 ± 0.11 mm. The effect of this pupillary shift was manifest for coma corneal aberrations for 5-mm pupils, but the two sets of aberrations calculated with the two pupil positions were not significantly different. Sixty-eight percent of the population had differences in coma smaller than 0.05 µm, and only 4% had differences larger than 0.1 µm. Pupil displacement was not large enough to significantly affect other higher-order Zernike modes. CONCLUSIONS. Estimated corneal aberrations changed slightly between photopic and mesopic illumination conditions given by corneal topography and Hartmann-Shack aberrometry. However, this systematic pupil shift, according to the published tolerances ranges, is enough to deteriorate the optical quality below the theoretically predicted diffraction limit of wavefront-guided corneal surgery.

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It is observed that Hartmann flow sustains wave propagation in its centre region for waves whose phase speed is less than the maximum flow speed. Similar to the previous observations it is found that viscous boundary layers around the critical level and at the wall replace the exponential regions and wave sinks required for over-reflection in the inviscid flow. The uniform magnetic field stabilizes the flow for small-wave-number disturbances along thez-direction. Over-reflection is confined to a few ranges of phase speeds for which the two boundary layers are close together rather than widely separated. These ranges correspond exactly to those for which unstable eigenmodes exist. Over-reflection is associated with a wave phase tilt opposite in direction to the shear.

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Cross-polarization from the dipolar reservoir for a range of mismatched Hartmann-Hahn conditions has been considered. Experiment, in general, agrees with the dispersive Lorentzian behavior expected on the basis of quasi-equilibrium theory. It is observed that inclusion of additional mechanisms of polarization transfer lead to an improvment of the fit of the experimental results. The utility of extending the technique to the case of ordered long chain molecules, such as liquid crystals, for the measurement of the local dipolar field is also presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).

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In this Letter, we examine magnetization in double- and zero-quantum reservoirs of an ensemble of spin-1/2 nuclei and describe their role in determining the sensitivity of a class of separated local field NMR experiments based on Hartmann-Hahn cross-polarization. We observe that for the liquid crystal system studied, a large dilute spin-polarization, obtained initially by the use of adiabatic cross-polarization, can enhance the sensitivity of the above experiment. The signal enhancement factors, however, are found to vary and depend on the local dynamics. The experimental results have been utilized to obtain the local order-parameters of the system. (C) 2012 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

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本文给出含气泡液态金属的磁流体力学基本方程,以及Hartmann流动的解。

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The encircled energy of a focusing lens is one of the parameters directly affecting the target efficiency in high-power laser facilities. The direct measurement method of the encircled energy for the focusing lens based on the scanning Hartmann test is proposed in this paper. With the scanning Hartmann test setup, the information in the whole aperture of the focusing lens can be achieved. The encircled energy can be obtained by analyzing the spot diagram on the focal plane of the focusing lens. In experiments, the encircled energy of an aspheric focusing lens is measured using this method. The measurement result is in good agreement with that derived from measurement data by an interferometer and the difference is 7.7%. (C) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.