Harold Pinter: A Night Out : A Study in the Political ConnotationsAnd the Abuse of Power

Harold Pinter’s A Night Out is a significant but rarely produced piece of drama. Therefore, there is very little criticism to support or contradict my argument. The reason why I chose to do my essay on this particular play is to open doors for academic research and to try and make it an equal to its sister plays. I will raise questions and topics to prove the play is worth the readers’ time and effort and that A Night Out is a sharp piece of political theatre. Although at first glance it is a simple enough story, a straightforward tale of the nasty consequences of motherly love when it is pushed to the limit, on deeper inspection, a more far reaching and complex analysis of the abuse of power can be observed. The play offers a variety of themes, including: interpersonal power struggles, failed attempts at communication, antagonistic relationships, the threat of impending or past violence, the struggle for survival or identity, domination and submission, politics, lies and verbal, physical, psychological and sexual abuse. The prevailing theme in the play is the abuse of power: powerful parties oppressing weaker ones, and the results of the oppressed party looking for a vent in someone even weaker than themselves.

Harold Pinter, cinema e literatura : os limites da realidade

Partindo de duas questões teóricas preliminares, uma, da representação (literária e cinematográfica)do real e do imaginário, tanto no ângulo da produção como no da sua recepção e, a outra, da articulação entre formas de expressão artísticas distintas, ou seja, da interdisciplinaridade, este trabalho examina a presença do tema relativo aos limites entre realidade e fantasia no teatro, no cinema e na literatura, centrando sua atenção na obra de Harold Pinter. Consta de duas partes, cada uma com três capítulos. Na primeira, "Os pressupostos," discute-se as questões que fornecem seu substrato teórico. A segunda é dedicada ao corpus, identificando em seu título o tema investigado: "Os limites da realidade." Quanto à questão da representação, procura-se refutar "a afirmação de que a arte seja uma imitação da realidade. Uma releitura da Poética, de Aristóteles, reforçada pela opinião de diversos estudiosos da mesma, permite afirmar que a mÍmese corresponde, isto sim, a uma representação que envolve uma construção em que elementos da realidade são organizados segundo uma verdade criada pela própria obra, de acordo com critérios inerentes a ela. Além disso, através de uma leitura de Kathryn Hume, procura-se afirmar a interação sinestésica quase que permanente dos impulsos realista e da fantasiana literatura, identificando os tipos com que a fantasia se manifesta e as técnicas usadas para sua criação. A primeira parte encerra-se com um exame do relacionamento da literatura com as artes visuais e dramáticas, relações inter-disciplinares que situam este trabalho na literatura comparada.Dentre vários autores cujas obras contribuem para tal fim, destaca-se Martin Esslin, que estabelece os limitesde cada uma das artes dramáticas, identifica contatos delas com a literatura e permite, através de uma leitura de seu estudo sobre o teatro do absurdo, seja estabelecida a evolução que liga Aristóteles a Pinter. O corpus centra-se na obra de Pinterpara o teatro e para o cinema, sem limitar-se a ela,pois são também analisadas obras de outros escritores e cineastas, estabelendo-se aproximações ou contrastes entre elas. No quarto capítulo estão agrupadas obras nas quais desponta a imposição de verdades pela força fisica ou verbal. A luta pelo poder, a expulsão de elementos estranhos, dúvidas sobre a identidade e a inter-penetrablidade arte-vida caracterizam o capítulo seguinte. A ênfase temática do sexto capítulo recai sobre as limitações impostas pela condição humana. Praticamente todas as obras expressam a impossibilidade da existência de certezas absolutas e de uma perfeita distinção dos limites da realidade. Com isso, é possível afirmar não ser o objetivo da arte reproduzir a realidade. Mesmo que o fosse, tal tentativa resultaria infrutífera devido às limitações humanas.

Memory as discourse in Harold Pinter's old times, betrayal and a kind of Alaska

This paper aims at developing the topic of identity and the narration of the self through the other in Harold Pinter’s plays Old Times, Betrayal and A Kind of Alaska. In these plays Pinter deploys strategies to convey multiple implications which are based on the power of memory in which the structure of the plays is concocted.

El teatre de Harold Pinter a Barcelona

Aquest treball analitza l’impacte que ha tingut el dramaturg Harold Pinter a la ciutat de Barcelona des de la primer vegada que s’hi va representar, l’any 1963, fins que es va celebrar el festival Tardor Pinter, l’any 1996. La investigació s’ha fet, sobretot, a partir de la premsa de l’època però també s’ha tingut en compte material gràfic i entrevistes. L’objectiu ha estat observar l’evolució de l’opinió que suscitaven les obres d’aquest autor i com, de mica en mica es va arribar a convertir en un model creatiu per al grup d’El Teatro Fronterizo, encapçalat per José Sanchis Sinisterra.

The politics of memory in Harold Pinter's Ashes to Ashes

The present work proposes an investigation of the treatment given to memory in Pinter’s latest play, Ashes to Ashes, and of its function in the development of Pinter’s work. In order to do that, different aspects of the construction of meaning in the theatre are analysed, so that the specificity of its reception is determined. A survey of techniques used to present information, time and space in the theatre is made. The analytical drama, the history drama, and the theatre of the absurd are defined. After that, the evolution of the author’s work is analysed to determine what characterises Pinter’s work, while at the same time determining how his treatment of themes like menace, memory, and political oppression of the individual has evolved. Finally, a detailed survey of the apparently disconnected elements that are mentioned in Ashes to Ashes is made. The intertextual analysis allied to a study of the analytical form as used in this play enables the discovery of several layers of meaning. Through the connection established between the Holocaust and man’s fall followed by expulsion from Eden, Pinter examines the use of memory as a way of dealing with personal and collective responsibility and guilt. It is through the recovery of memory (also through writing) that the present can establish a critical and responsible relation with the past.

Staying safe

This leaflet provides advice and information on drugs and clubbing, on planning ahead for a night out, dancing and drugs, looking after your friends, drugs and the law and first aid information.

Stay out (almost) all night: contrasting responses in flight activity among tropical moth assemblages

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A system of general signals for night and day whereby merchant vessels may communicate at a distance by means of the common colours of the ship, and with four lanterns by night, without going out of their course.

Mode of access: Internet.

Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the diVerence

Purpose To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any inXuence over this association. Methods Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and Wlled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classiWed into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to Wve nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. Results After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was signiWcantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01- 3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09-3.13 for those working up to Wve nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Conclusions Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work

Effects of naps at work on the sleepiness of 12-hour night shift nursing personnel

Background and objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a nap at work on the sleepiness of 12-hour, night-shift (registered and assistant) nursing personnel.Methods: Twelve nurses filled out daily logs, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KS), and wore wrist actigraphs for two periods of four continuous days.Results: Mean nap duration during the night shifts was 138.3 (SD+39.8) minutes. The mean sleepiness level assessed by the KS score was lower, 3.3 (SD±1.6), when the nap was taken during the first span (00:01 - 03:00h) of the night shift, compared with 6.6 (SD±1.0) when there was no nap. The mean sleepiness level assessed by the KS score was also lower, 3.6 (SD±0.9), when the nap was taken during the second span (03:01 - 06:00h) of the night shift, compared with 7.0 (SD±1.1) when there was no nap. Thus, napping either during the first or second part of the night shift reduces sleepiness of 12-hour, night-shift nursing personnel. Moreover, the mean duration of the first sleep episode after night work was longer in those who did not nap than in those who did. Conclusions: The results of this study show that napping during the 12-hour, night-shift results in less sleepiness at work and less need for recovery sleep after work

The impact of night work on subjective reports of well-being: an exploratory study of health care workers from five nations

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a survey data collection from health care workers in Brazil, Croatia, Poland, Ukraine and the USA with two primary goals: (1) to provide information about which aspects of well-being are most likely to need attention when shiftwork management solutions are being developed, and (2) to explore whether nations are likely to differ with respect to the impacts of night work on the well-being of workers involved in health care work. METHODS: The respondents from each nation were sorted into night worker and non-night worker groups. Worker perceptions of being physically tired, mentally tired, and tense at the end of the workday were examined. Subjective reports of perceived felt age were also studied. For each of these four dependent variables, an ANCOVA analysis was carried out. Hours worked per week, stability of weekly work schedule, and chronological age were the covariates for these analyses. RESULTS: The results clearly support the general proposal that nations differ significantly in worker perceptions of well-being. In addition, perceptions of physical and mental tiredness at the end of the workday were higher for night workers. For the perception of being physically tired at the end of a workday, the manner and degree to which the night shift impacts the workers varies by nation. CONCLUSIONS: Additional research is needed to determine if the nation and work schedule differences observed are related to differences in job tasks, work schedule structure, off-the-job variables, and/or other worker demographic variables.

« Good night, sleep tight, don’t let the bed bugs bite» : exploring the mental health fallout of urban bed bug infestation in Montréal, Québec

Problématique : La littérature scientifique ne contient actuellement aucune étude épidémiologique portant sur la relation entre l’exposition à une infestation de punaises de lit (Cimex lectularis) et la santé mentale. L’objectif de cette étude est d’explorer la relation entre le statut d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des mesures de dépression, anxiété et perturbation du sommeil. Méthodes : Cette recherche est une étude transversale basée sur une analyse secondaire des données provenant de N=91 adultes locataires de logements insalubres qui ont répondu à un questionnaire de santé au moment d’interventions médico-environnementales menées par la direction de santé publique de Montréal entre janvier et juin 2010. Le questionnaire de santé inclut le « Questionnaire de santé du patient (QSP-9) », qui est un outil mesurant les symptômes associés à la dépression, l’outil de dépistage d’anxiété généralisée (GAD-7) et les items 1-18 de l’indice de la qualité du sommeil de Pittsburgh (PSQI). L’association entre une exposition autorapportée à une infestation de punaises de lit et le niveau de perturbation du sommeil selon la sous-échelle correspondante du PSQI, les symptômes dépressifs selon le QSP-9 et les symptômes anxieux selon le GAD-7, a été évaluée en utilisant une analyse de régression linéaire multivariée. Des données descriptives relatives aux troubles de sommeil autodéclarés et à des comportements reliés à un isolement social, dus à une exposition aux punaises de lit, sont aussi présentées. Résultats : L’échantillon comprenait 38 hommes et 53 femmes. Parmi les 91 participants, 49 adultes ont signalé une exposition aux punaises de lit et de ce nombre, 53,06% (26/49) ont déclaré des troubles de sommeil et 46,94% (23/49) des comportements d’isolement social, en raison de l’exposition. Les adultes exposés à des punaises de lit ont obtenu des résultats significativement plus élevés sur le QSP-9 (p=0,025), le GAD-7 (p=0,026) et sur la sous-échelle mesurant la perturbation du sommeil (p=0,003) comparativement à ceux qui n’étaient pas exposés. Conclusions : Cette première étude exploratoire met en évidence une association significative entre l’état d’exposition aux punaises de lit et des troubles de sommeil, ainsi que des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, indiquant que ceux qui sont exposés aux punaises de lit représentent un groupe possiblement à risque de développer des problèmes de santé mentale. Ces résultats viennent en appui aux initiatives des décideurs pour organiser des efforts coordonnés d’éradication au niveau des villes et des provinces.

Orde Wingate and the Special Night Squads: A Feasible Policy for Counter-Terrorism?

This article analyses the counter-terrorist operations carried out by Captain (later Major General) Orde Wingate in Palestine in 1938, and considers whether these might inform current operations. Wingate's Special Night Squads were formed from British soldiers and Jewish police specifically to counter terrorist and sabotage attacks. Their approach escalated from interdicting terrorist gangs to pre-emptive attacks on suspected terrorist sanctuaries to reprisal attacks after terrorist atrocities. They continued the British practice of using irregular units in counter-insurgency, which was sustained into the postwar era and contributed to the evolution of British Special Forces. Wingate's methods proved effective in pacifying terrorist-infested areas and could be applied again, but only in the face of 'friction' arising from changes in cultural attitudes since the 1930s, and from the political-strategic context of post-2001 counter-insurgent and counter-terrorist operations. In some cases, however, public opinion might not preclude the use of some of Wingate's techniques.