Memorial of President Henry Darling...

On verso of t.-p.: Prepared by his son Richard W. Darling.

Annual register of the corporation, officers and students, with outline of courses of study and general information

Mode of access: Internet.

Social economy and economic crisis in the basque country abstract

This article examines the socio-economic evolution of the social economy sector in the Basque Country during the 2008-2014 period of economic crisis. Data have been obtained within a framework of collaboration between university, Basque Government and private sector of the social economy. The results suggest that such entities have evolved better, both in terms of number of enterprises and employment, than the general economy of the Basque Country, while the context of public policies aimed at social economy has worsened over the years. However, in economic terms (measured through the Gross Value Added generated), they have not been able to cope with the crisis in equal conditions to the general economy. The main contribution of this research lies in that, unlike similar studies, it discusses the evolution of the whole sector of the social economy, taking as reference a broad period of the current economic crisis.

The college system of education; a discourse delivered before the trustees of Hamilton College, May 8, 1839, on the occasion of his inauguration as President of the College.

Mode of access: Internet.

Faith the life of science. An address delivered before the Pi Beta Phi Society of Union College, Schenectady, N.Y., July, 1838.

Mode of access: Internet.

Automated tumor analysis for molecular profiling in lung cancer

The discovery and clinical application of molecular biomarkers in solid tumors, increasingly relies on nucleic acid extraction from FFPE tissue sections and subsequent molecular profiling. This in turn requires the pathological review of haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stained slides, to ensure sample quality, tumor DNA sufficiency by visually estimating the percentage tumor nuclei and tumor annotation for manual macrodissection. In this study on NSCLC, we demonstrate considerable variation in tumor nuclei percentage between pathologists, potentially undermining the precision of NSCLC molecular evaluation and emphasising the need for quantitative tumor evaluation. We subsequently describe the development and validation of a system called TissueMark for automated tumor annotation and percentage tumor nuclei measurement in NSCLC using computerized image analysis. Evaluation of 245 NSCLC slides showed precise automated tumor annotation of cases using Tissuemark, strong concordance with manually drawn boundaries and identical EGFR mutational status, following manual macrodissection from the image analysis generated tumor boundaries. Automated analysis of cell counts for % tumor measurements by Tissuemark showed reduced variability and significant correlation (p < 0.001) with benchmark tumor cell counts. This study demonstrates a robust image analysis technology that can facilitate the automated quantitative analysis of tissue samples for molecular profiling in discovery and diagnostics.

El principio de colaboración armónica, ópticas, problemática y posibles soluciones a los conflictos

Esta investigación estudia de forma general el principio de colaboración armónica entre poderes, explora las bases teóricas que sustentan dicho principio constitucional, analiza las distintas ópticas jurisprudenciales construidas a partir de las sentencias de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado, y además abarca la problemática del principio de colaboración armónica en el contexto colombiano, con el objeto de proponer soluciones para mejorar la aplicación del principio de colaboración armónica. Con este escrito se pretende resolver las siguientes preguntas: ¿existe una base jurisprudencial sobre la cual se sustente el principio de colaboración armónica? ¿Se aplica este principio de forma efectiva en el Estado colombiano? ¿Qué alternativas permiten aplicar de forma efectiva dicho principio? ¿Existen mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos que puedan ayudar a mejorar la aplicación de este postulado?

Maltrato y violencia escolar en europa. Entrevista al profesor P. K. Smith.

El artículo forma parte de una sección de innovación de la revista dedicada monográficamente a la violencia en la escuela

A discourse, pronounced at Schenectady, July 22, 1845 : on the fiftieth anniversary of the foundation of Union College /

Cover title: Dr. Potter's semi-centennial discourse.

The whole of the documentary evidence, relative to the controversy between the Regents of the University and the Trustees of Union College, together with the opinion of the late chief justice and other counsel.

Appendix, p. [55]-72 has special title-page.

Ran GTPase in Nuclear Envelope Formation and Cancer Metastasis

Ran is a small ras-related GTPase that controls the nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules across the nuclear envelope. It binds to chromatin early during nuclear formation and has important roles during the eukaryotic cell cycle, where it regulates mitotic spindle assembly, nuclear envelope formation and cell cycle checkpoint control. Like other GTPases, Ran relies on the cycling between GTP-bound and GDP-bound conformations to interact with effector proteins and regulate these processes. In nucleocytoplasmic transport, Ran shuttles across the nuclear envelope through nuclear pores. It is concentrated in the nucleus by an active import mechanism where it generates a high concentration of RanGTP by nucleotide exchange. It controls the assembly and disassembly of a range of complexes that are formed between Ran-binding proteins and cellular cargo to maintain rapid nuclear transport. Ran also has been identified as an essential protein in nuclear envelope formation in eukaryotes. This mechanism is dependent on importin-β, which regulates the assembly of further complexes important in this process, such as Nup107–Nup160. A strong body of evidence is emerging implicating Ran as a key protein in the metastatic progression of cancer. Ran is overexpressed in a range of tumors, such as breast and renal, and these perturbed levels are associated with local invasion, metastasis and reduced patient survival. Furthermore, tumors with oncogenic KRAS or PIK3CA mutations are addicted to Ran expression, which yields exciting future therapeutic opportunities

Biogeochemistry of Paleozoic brachiopods from New York State and Ontario

A comprehensive elemental, isotopic and microstructural analyses was undertaken of brachiopod calcites from the Hamilton Group (Middle Devonian), Clinton Group (Middle Silurian) and Middle to Upper Ordovician strata of Ontario and New York State. The majority of specimens were microstructurally and chemically preserved in a pristine state, although a number of specimens show some degree of post-depositional alteration. Brachiopod calcites from the Hamilton and Clinton Groups were altered by marine derived waters whereas Trenton Group (Middle Ordovician) brachiopods altered in meteorically derived fluids. Analysis of the elemental and isotopic compositions of pristine Hamilton Group brachiopods indicates there are several chemical relationships inherent to brachiopod calcite. Taxonomic differentiation of Mg, Sr and Na contents was evident in three co-occuring species from the Hamilton Group. Mean Mg contents of pristine brachiopods were respectively Athyris spiriferoides (1309ppm), Mucrospirifer mucronatus (1035ppm) and Mediospirifer audacula (789ppm). Similarly, taxonomic differentiation of shell calcite compositions was observed in co-occuring brachiopods from the Clinton Group (Middle Silurian) and the Trenton Group (Middle Ordovician). The taxonomic control of elemental regulation into shell calcite is probably related to the slightly different physiological systems and secretory mechanisms. A relationship was observed in Hamilton Group species between the depth of respective brachiopod communities and their Mg, Sr and Na contents. These elements were depleted in the shell calcites of deeper brachiopods compared to their counterparts in shallower reaches. Apparently shell calcite elemental composition is related to environmental conditions of the depositional setting, which may have controlled the secretory regime, mineral morphology of shell calcite and precipitation rates of each species. Despite the change in Mg, Sr and Na contents between beds and formations in response to environmental conditions, the taxonomic differentiation of shell calcite composition is maintained. Thus, it may be possible to predict relative depth changes in paleoenvironmental reconstructions using brachiopod calcite. This relationship of brachiopod chemistry to depth was also tested within a transgressiveregressive (T-R) cycle in the Rochester Shale Formation (Middle Silurian). Decreasing Mg, Sr and Na contents were observed in the transition from the shallow carbonates of the Irondequoit Formation to the deeper shales of the lowest 2 m of Rochester Shale. However, no isotopic and elemental trends were observed within the entire T-R cycle which suggests that either the water conditions did not change significantly or that the cycle is illusory. A similar relationship was observed between the Fe and Mn chemistries of shell calcite and redox/paleo-oxygen conditions. Hamilton Group brachiopods analysed from deeper areas of the shelf are enriched in Mn and Fe relative to those from shallow zones. The presence of black shales and dysaerobic faunas, during deposition of the Hamilton Group, suggests that the waters of the northern Appalachian Basin were stratified. The deeper brachiopods were marginally positioned above an oxycline and their shell calcites reflect periodic incursions of oxygen depleted water. Furthermore, analysis of Dalmanella from the black shales of the Collingwood Shale (Upper Ordovician) in comparison to those from the carbonates of the Verulam Formation (Middle Ordovician) confirm the relationship of Fe and Mn contents to periodic but not permanent incursions of low oxygen waters. The isotopic compositions of brachiopod calcite found in Hamilton Group (813C; +2.5% 0 to +5.5% 0; 8180 -2.50/00 to -4.00/00) and Clinton Group (813C; +4.00/00 to +6.0; 8180; -1.8% 0 to -3.60/ 00) are heavier than previously reported. Uncorrected paleotemperatures (assuming normal salinity, 0% 0 SMOW and no fractionation effects) derived from these isotopic values suggest that the Clinton sea temperature (Middle Silurian) ranged from 18°C to 28°C and Hamilton seas (Middle Devonian) ranged between 24°C and 29°C. In addition, the isotopic variation of brachiopod shell calcite is significant and is related to environmental conditions. Within a single time-correlative shell bed (the Demissa Bed; Hamilton Group) a positive isotopic shift of 2-2.5% 0 in 013C compositions and a positive shift of 1.0-1.50/00 in 0180 composition of shell calcite is observed, corresponding with a deepening of brachiopod habitats toward the axis of the Appalachian Basin. Moroever, a faunal succession from deeper Ambocoelia dominated brachiopod association to a shallow Tropidoleptus dominated assocation is reflected by isotopic shifts of 1.0-1.50/00. Although, other studies have emphasized the significance of ±20/oo shifts in brachiopod isotopic compositions, the recognition of isotopic variability in brachiopod calcite within single beds and within depositional settings such as the Appalachian Basin has important implications for the interpretation of secular isotopic trends. A significant proportion of the variation observed isotopic distribution during the Paleozoic is related to environmental conditions within the depositional setting.

Tutor Prolog Didpro : programa de autoenseñanza del Prolog orientado a niños.

Pretende formar en la lógica al tiempo que se aprende la sintaxis del Prolog, de ahí que se consideren las estructuras sintácticas desde el punto de vista de la semántica como medios de representación-deducción de conocimientos. La razón es que se trata de un sistema de autoaprendizaje sin un maestro sino por ejemplos de descripciones características y descripciones discriminantes. Objetivos: iniciar una investigación, con métodos propios, de un área de aprendizaje 'La Alfabetización Informática' intentando que el sistema fuera motivador, de autoaprendizaje y además ayude a consolidar las operaciones lógico-formales y la capacidad de abstracción. El objetivo de cuestionario es ayudar a interpretar y predecir el comportamiento del sujeto en el programa y detectar elementos de dificultad del mismo. Elaboración de un programa de autoaprendizaje del Prolog orientado a niños entre 12 y 14 años. El método general es el inductivo: son los ejemplos los que proporcionan la escalera de ascenso a las clases de conceptos. Comenta las diferentes aproximaciones hechas sobre enseñanza de programación lógica en la escuela como son las de Gran Bretaña en el Imperial College, en Italia y en Portugal. Estudia los condicionantes para que fuera motivador y de autoaprendizaje. Las fases del trabajo son: traducción del lenguaje natural a Prolog, construcción de hechos sencillos como sentencias descriptivas, consulta de esa base de hechos e introducción de reglas. El programa está estructurado por niveles, es preciso superar uno para pasar al siguiente. Cada nivel contiene una evaluación final. Cuestionario 'ad hoc' dividido en cuatro bloques que recogen información acerca de las características generales del sujeto, la experiencia de interacción con la máquina, historia de su presentación y el tipo de preguntas que se realizan y los conceptos elementales del lenguaje de programación. Se utiliza un sistema de aprendizaje de adquisición de conocimientos por medio de ejemplos. Priman los aspectos sintácticos sobre los semánticos pero los primeros están orientados a los segundos. La historia motiva y gusta al niño, lo cual ya es un logro importante ya que de lo que se trata es de iniciar a los niños en la informática de un modo distinto. Uno de los conceptos mejor asimilados es el de la sintaxis en la construcción de hechos, así como en la importancia del orden de los argumentos. Las perspectivas de desarrollo de este trabajo, según el autor, son muchas, entre ellas destaca: crear un metasistema de control del alumno para que exista una especie de árbol de los conceptos a desarrollar y de las preguntas que abordan esos conceptos y seguir perfeccionando la programación lógica, Prolog, para lograr un verdadero sistema experto de aprendizaje para niños.

Análisis constitucional. Una introducción : cómo hacer cosas con la Constitución

La Corte Constitucional colombiana, a través de la interpretación del texto de la carta política, ha hecho invaluables aportes al desarrollo del derecho en nuestro país. Sin embargo, este proceso de definir las palabras de la Constitución requiere la utilización de preferencias valorativas y esto, como es natural, implica un grave riesgo para la seguridad jurídica: ¿hasta dónde puede llegar el intérprete, ¿cuáles son los límites que debe respetar?. Este riesgo incrementa si tenemos en cuenta que buena parte de la doctrina constitucional colombiana contemporánea, llamada por algunos neoconstitucionalismo, ha creado una nueva jerga erudita impenetrable llena de metáforas sofisticadas, razonamientos abstrusos, argumentos con una gran carga emotiva y citas herméticas que, en cierta medida, le han permitido encubrir sus ideas y valoraciones y, de este modo, evitar que sean sensatamente escudriñadas. En un sistema como el colombiano, erigido sobre el principio de frenos y contrapesos entre los distintos poderes del Estado, si el poder político se ejerce a través de la justicia constitucional, en un lenguaje incomprensible y presentado como un argumento de última instancia, todo el equilibrio se viene abajo y, muy pronto, el derecho se convierte en el principal instrumento del despotismo., de Daniel Mendonca, es un libro perfectamente honesto que presenta sus ideas con absoluta claridad y ayuda a trazar los límites entre la discrecionalidad y la arbitrariedad de la interpretación constitucional.

La enseñanza en Inglaterra : funcionamiento de algunos centros.

Este artículo es continuación de La enseñanza en Inglaterra : funcionamiento de algunos centros