I eld, i blod, i frost, i svält : möten med veteraners, lottors och sjuksköterskors berättande om krig

Folkligt berättande om krig är i fokus i min avhandling i folkloristik som baserar sig på intervjuer med tio män och tio kvinnor som själva deltagit aktivt i krigen 1939–1944 i Finland. Intervjuerna utgick från deras upplevelser av J.L. Runebergs verk Fänrik Ståls sägner och övergick sedan i berättande om deras egna erfarenheter från vinterkriget och fortsättningskriget. Jag arbetar med oral history som teoretiskt ramverk, och har ett antagande om att man genom studiet av personligt berättande om historiska händelser kan få syn på annat än sådant som förs fram av historieskrivningen. Fyra innehållsliga huvudteman har utkristalliserat sig för mig i analysen av materialet: möten med tjänstgöringen, möten med kroppen, möten med olika etniska andra, och möten med tiden efter kriget. Utöver den tematiska analysen studerar jag också hur jag som forskare är med och skapar materialet under intervjuerna, och jag ser bland annat att jag som hör till intervjupersonernas barnbarnsgeneration fick höra hur de på flera plan vill undervisa mig dels om krigshändelserna, dels om hur man borde förhålla sig till kriget och Finland. Som ett led i detta använder sig intervjupersonerna av något som jag kallar för typfigurer. Genom återkommande typfigurer som exempelvis ”Den ståndaktige soldaten”, ”Den elaka styvmodern” eller ”Kommunisten” förmedlas en viss innehållslig kunskap om krig samtidigt som de genererar vissa folkliga moraluppfattningar. I min avhandling visar jag att berättandet om krigen 1939–1944 är symboliskt laddat och att det mycket starkt förmedlar värderingar om vad som är rätt och riktigt. Man kan säga att berättande om krig är mytologiserande, och att det mytologiserar så väl kriget i sig som landet Finland, och härmed kan sägas producera sanningar som inte kan ifrågasättas. Genren krigsberättelser är inte det samma som berättande om krig. En konsekvens av detta är ett könsbestämt och ofta omedvetet nedtystande av kvinnor och ett ointresse för deras upplevelser och erfarenheter. Detta visar på etablerade och könsbestämda definitioner av vad som ses som historia och vilka roller som får figurera i den.

The BALTIMOS (BALTEX Integrated Model System) fi eld experiments: A comprehensive atmospheric boundary layer data set for model validation over the open and ice- covered Baltic Sea

A comprehensive atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) data set was collected in eight fi eld experiments (two during each season) over open water and sea ice in the Baltic Sea during 1998–2001 with the primary objective to validate the coupled atmospheric- ice-ocean-land surface model BALTIMOS (BALTEX Integrated Model System). Measurements were taken by aircraft, ships and surface stations and cover the mean and turbulent structure of the ABL including turbulent fl uxes, radiation fl uxes, and cloud conditions. Measurement examples of the spatial variability of the ABL over the ice edge zone and of the stable ABL over open water demonstrate the wide range of ABL conditions collected and the strength of the data set which can also be used to validate other regional models.

Application of open string ?eld theory to the in?ationary scenario

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Neu eingerichtete Juden-Ordnung des Allerdurchlauchtigst-Großmächtigsten Fürsten und Herrn, Herrn Friedrichs, Von Gottes Gnaden der Schweden, Gothen und Wenden Königs, ... Landgraffens zu Hessen, Fürstens zu Herßf̂eld, Graffens zu Catzenelnbogen, Dietz, Ziegenhayn, Nidda und Schaumburg, ...

Sammelband: enthält 22 Hanauische Juden-Ordnungen; Exlibris von Gottlieb Schnapper-Arndt

A foure-fould meditation, of the foure last things : viz. ... 1. Houre of death. 2. Day of iudgement. 3. Paines of hell. 4. Ioyes of heauen. Shewing the estate of the elect and reprobate : composed in a divine poeme by R. S. The author of S. Peters complaint. Robert Southwell, S. J. Imprinted at London by G. Eld: for Francis Burton. 1606. With a bibliographical preface by Charles Edmonds ... .

Mode of access: Internet.

Efficient split eld FDTD analysis of third-order nonlinear materials in two-dimensionally periodic media

In this work the split-field finite-difference time-domain method (SF-FDTD) has been extended for the analysis of two-dimensionally periodic structures with third-order nonlinear media. The accuracy of the method is verified by comparisons with the nonlinear Fourier Modal Method (FMM). Once the formalism has been validated, examples of one- and two-dimensional nonlinear gratings are analysed. Regarding the 2D case, the shifting in resonant waveguides is corroborated. Here, not only the scalar Kerr effect is considered, the tensorial nature of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility is also included. The consideration of nonlinear materials in this kind of devices permits to design tunable devices such as variable band filters. However, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility is usually small and high intensities are needed in order to trigger the nonlinear effect. Here, a one-dimensional CBG is analysed in both linear and nonlinear regime and the shifting of the resonance peaks in both TE and TM are achieved numerically. The application of a numerical method based on the finite- difference time-domain method permits to analyse this issue from the time domain, thus bistability curves are also computed by means of the numerical method. These curves show how the nonlinear effect modifies the properties of the structure as a function of variable input pump field. When taking the nonlinear behaviour into account, the estimation of the electric field components becomes more challenging. In this paper, we present a set of acceleration strategies based on parallel software and hardware solutions.

Molecular phylogeny of the freshwater prawn genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Palaemonidae), with emphasis on the relationships among selected American species

The genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 is one of the best examples of widespread crustacean genera distributed globally throughout tropical and subtropical waters. Previous investigators have noted the systematic complexity of the group, and have suggested rearrangements within the family Palaemonidae. Our phylogenetic analysis of new mitochondrial DNA sequences of 58 species of Macrobrachium distributed mainly in America support the hypothesis of monophyly of this genus, if Cryphiops Dana, 1852 is accepted as a generic synonym. We concluded that the independent evolution of different types of life cycle (abbreviated larval development-ALD and extended larval development-ELD) must have occurred more than once in the history of the group. Similarly, we also concluded that the current type species of the genus, Macrobrachium americanum Bate, 1868, should not be considered valid, as previously proposed. The synonymy of two members of the `olfersi` species complex (M. birai Lobao, Melo&Fernandes, 1986 and M. holthuisi Genofre&Lobao, 1978) with M. olfersi (Wiegmann, 1836) was confirmed. Similar results were found in comparing M. petronioi Melo, Lobao&Fernandes, 1986 and M. potiuna (Muller, 1880), in which the genetic divergence placed M. petronioi within the level of intraspecific variation of M. potiuna. The taxonomic status of the genus Cryphiops, as well as theories on the origin of Macrobrachium, is also called into question.

The Effect of Different Fluoride Concentrations and pH of Dentifrices on Plaque and Nail Fluoride Levels in Young Children

To evaluate the influence of dentifrice pH and fluoride (F) concentration on F uptake by plaque and nails, two sets of 5-to 6-year-old children were randomly allocated into four groups, according to the type of dentifrice they had been using for 1 year: (1) experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD), 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0; (2) ELD, 1,100 ppm F, pH 4.5; (3) ELD, 550 ppm F, pH 4.5, and (4) commercial toothpaste, 1,100 ppm F, pH 7.0. In one set of children, nails were clipped. In the second, plaque samples were collected 1 h after the last use of dentifrice. F concentration in plaque and nails was analyzed. Plaque F concentration was significantly lower in group 4 than in groups 1-3. Nail F concentration was significantly higher in group 4, and significantly lower in group 3, than in group 1 or 2. Plaque F uptake was influenced significantly by dentifrice consistency and nonsignificantly by pH and F concentration. Reduction of dentifrice pH did not affect nail F concentration. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Establishment of Nilaparvata Iugens Stl in rice crop nurseries: a possible source of outbreaks

We tested the hypothesis that early-planted seedbeds of rioe are mere heavily infested with brown planthopper (BPH) than later seedbeds, and that transplanted plants with lBPH are a source of subsequent population increase and possible outbreaks. The experiments were conducted at CARDI and Takeo province in wet season 2000 and early wet 2 season 200 I. BPH at O. 25. 50, 100, 200 1m were infested onto plants with low and high fertilizer treatments. Rice seeds of varieties moderately and highly susceptible to BPH were sown 3 weeks early, 2 weeks early, at the normal time, and later than normal (5 weeks) and treated with low and high fertilizer rates. At Takeo, the 3< weeks early seedbeds were infested by BPH migration, and both varieties with high fertilizer caught more immigrant insects and subsequently had damaging outbreaks of BPH in the third generation. At CARDl, no seedbeds were infested with immigrant BPH. Seedbeds in areas with continuous cropping of rice have a high risk of BPH attack, Seedlings infested with 200, 100, and 50 BPI[/m2 resulted in death of the plant. Plants with 100 and 200 BPH/m'! were kj[Jed sooner. With 25 BPIVm2 plants were not kllled, but subsequent population increase caused yi eld reduction. Yield loss was high ill higlh fertilizer treated plants. Key words , ,

Type checking cryptography implementations

Cryptographic software development is a challenging eld: high performance must be achieved, while ensuring correctness and com- pliance with low-level security policies. CAO is a domain speci c language designed to assist development of cryptographic software. An important feature of this language is the design of a novel type system introducing native types such as prede ned sized vectors, matrices and bit strings, residue classes modulo an integer, nite elds and nite eld extensions, allowing for extensive static validation of source code. We present the formalisation, validation and implementation of this type system

A Representação de Personagens Virtuais: Como a Tecnologia Obriga à Criação de Estilos e Estéticas Interdisciplinares na Animação Contemporânea

The evolution of computer animation represents one of the most relevant andrevolutionary aspects in the rise of contemporary digital visual culture (Darlew,2000), in particular, phenomena such as cinema “spectacular “ (Ibidem) and videogames. This article analyzes the characteristics of this “culture of simulation” (Turkle, 1995:20) relating the multidisciplinary and spectrum of technical and stylistic choices to the dimension of virtual characters acting. The result of these hybrid mixtures and computerized human motion capture techniques - called virtual cinema, universal capture, motion capture, etc. - cosists mainly on the sophistication of “rotoscoping”, as a new interpretation and appropriation of the captured image. This human motion capture technology, used largely by cinema and digital games, is one of the reasons why the authenticity of the animation is sometimes questioned. It is in the fi eld of 3D computer animation visual that this change is more signifi cant, appearing regularly innovative techniques of image manipulation and “hyper-cinema” (Lamarre, 2006: 31) character’s control with deeper sense of emotions. This shift in the culture that Manovich (2006: 27) calls “photo-GRAPHICS” - and Mulvey (2007) argue that creates a new form of possessive relationship with the viewer, in that it can analyze in detail the image, it can acquire it and modify it - is one of the most important aspects in the rise of Cubbit’s (2007) “cinema of attraction”. This article delves intrinsically into the analyze of virtual character animation — particularly in the fi eld of 3D computer animation and human digital acting.

Custo e estrutura de capital: o comportamento das empresas brasileiras

O trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar o comportamento das empresas instaladas no Brasil no tocante a custo e estrutura de capital. Dentro desse objetivo, buscou-se identificar quais os instrumentos teóricos que melhor descrevem esse comportamento, mostrando as possíveis conexões entre o que é ensinado nas escolas e a prática empresarial. Dentre diversos resultados interessantes, um que se destaca refere-se à idéia de oportunismo na captação de recursos pelas empresas, tópico ainda não desenvolvido na teoria financeira.