993 resultados para Hadith--Authorities


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Contains an ijāzah issued by Aḥmad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Tūnisī al-Miṣrī al-Azharī al-Ḥanafī to Muḥammad ibn Shaʻbān ibn Sharaf al-Dīn ibn ʻAbd al-Wahhāb al-Ḥalabī al-Sarmīnī (?) al-Muʻaddil (?) and another one issued by Muḥammad ibn Shaʻbān to two brothers named Ṣāliḥ and ʻAbd al-Raḥmān.

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An ijāzah issued by Aḥmad ibn ʻUbayd Allāh al-ʻAṭṭār to his student Muḥammad ibn Shafīʻ Sulṭān. The student's name is mentioned on fol. 1v; the master's name on fol. 6r. In the ijāzah al-ʻAṭṭār traces his authority back to al-Qasṭallānī's al-Mawāhib al-ladunnīyah, then to al-Shāfiʻī, and then gives his isnād of a musalsal ḥadīth.

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Written in several hands, in one column, from 15 to 21 lines per page, in black rubricated in red, sometimes framed within double red lines.

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Copy completed on 2 Dhū al-Ḥijjah 1317 [April 2, 1900] in the hand of Aḥmad Fahmī ibn Salīm ibn Yāsīn ibn Ḥāmid ibn al-Shihāb Aḥmad al-ʻAṭṭār, most probably in Damascus.

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1 unbound unsewn quire.

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This study analyses efficiency levels in Spanish local governments and their determining factors through the application of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) methodology. It aims to find out to what extent inefficiency arises from external factors beyond the control of the entity, or on the other hand, how much it is due to inadequate management of productive resources. The results show that on the whole, there is still a wide margin within which managers could increase local government efficiency levels, although it is revealed that a great deal of inefficiency is due to exogenous factors. It is specifically found that the size of the entity, per capita tax revenue, the per capita grants or the amount of commercial activity are some of the factors determining local government inefficiency.

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In this paper we analyse the setting of optimal policies in a monetary union with one monetary authority and various fiscal authorities that have a public deficit target. We will show that fiscal cooperation among the fiscal authorities, in the presence of positive supply shocks, ends up producing higher public deficits than in a non-cooperative regime. JEL No. E61, E63, F33, H0. Keywords: monetary union, fiscal policy coordination.

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This article studies whether fiscal authorities would prefer to operate like in the current EMU or to coordinate according to the theoretical literature. The EMU approach will lead to higher volatility of interest rates, output, inflation and average budget deficits, but the SGP deficit target will be breached less often. Keywords: fiscal policy coordination, monetary union, Stability and Growth Pact. JEL No. E61, E63, F33, H0