L’entrepreneur hacker. L’ethos de travail des entrepreneurs web.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur l’ethos de travail des entrepreneurs qui oeuvrent dans le domaine du web. À l’ère du travail immatériel, de nouvelles façons d’envisager les pratiques corporatives se mettent en place. Confondant loisir et travail, l’attitude antibureaucratique des chefs d’entreprises web met de l’avant la tension qui existe entre l’éthique hacker et l’esprit capitaliste. Un nouveau type d’entrepreneur voit ainsi le jour: l’entrepreneur hacker. Analysant les valeurs et les motivations de huit entrepreneurs montréalais, cette recherche remet en perspective l’aspiration au profit, démontre comment l’éthique hacker est performée en entreprise et pose un regard critique sur les reconfigurations du travail dans le contexte du capitalisme cognitif. Il en ressort que les valeurs de l’éthique hacker sont récupérées par la logique capitaliste à titre de nouveau système de justification. Le travail s’immisce ainsi dans toutes les sphères de la vie de l’entrepreneur web, ce dernier investissant autant son capital humain que son capital monétaire.

Ética hacker y propiedad intelectual: una nueva perspectiva para abordar la normatividad sobre derechos de autor en el espacio digital

En el presente texto se busca mostrar las capacidades explicativas que puede tener la conjunción entre las perspectivas de la ética hacker y la defensa de la propiedad intelectual para dar cuenta de las reacciones generalizadas de rechazo ante las normatividades de derechos de autor en el espacio digital. Así, se lleva a cabo un resumen de los principios de cada una de estas perspectivas dando cuenta de sus capacidades explicativas y características teóricas para, posteriormente, aplicarlas a la realidad empresarial, laboral y de opinión en el marco social contemporáneo. Cómo conclusión de este trabajo se logra observar que a pesar de que en principio ambas perspectivas podrían parecer contradictorias, existen aspectos comunes que permiten vislumbrar como un trabajo en conjunto permitiría generar normatividades que se acoplen a las realidades contemporáneas.

The ethics of the hacker taggers : the new generation of hackers

In the contemporary world, the latter interpretation is by far the more common (although persons belonging to the former category of hacker would seek to more accurately define the latter group, particularly those with a malicious intent, as ‘crackers’). Hackers are by no means a new threat and have routinely featured in news stories during the last two decades. Indeed, they have become the traditional ‘target’ of the media, with the standard approach being to present the image of either a ‘teenage whiz kid’ or an insidious threat. In reality, it can be argued that there are different degrees of the problem.
Donn Parker (Parker, 1976) highlighted that the individuals involved in computer crime in the 1960’s and 1970’s were employed as key punch operators or clerks in EDP organisations and the crimes were crimes of opportunity. In the 1980’s with the development of cheaper home microcomputers and modems, a new generation of younger computer users emerged. One of the features of this younger group was a keen interest in the technologies that lead to the development of hackers.

Hacker taggers: a new type of hackers

Organisations often spend large sums of money to ensure that they are protected against the risks associated with online attacks. The perceived threats against organisations are well known and the losses can be easily quantified. This perceived threat is usually portrayed by the media as being the work of a hacker however little is known about hacker subgroups, their rationale and ethical views. This paper focuses upon hacker subgroups and their activities and in particular the new hacker subgroup identified as ‘Hacker Taggers’.

M. Hacker, Brustbild

Signatur des Originals: S 36/F00666