Programa de tratamento integral de pacientes crônicos do Hospital de Clinicas da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: I - Etapa diagnóstica

O estudo sobre redundância de hospitalização, baseado no conceito de dependência aos cuidados de enfermagem, evidenciou que, em 99 pacientes que permaneceram 25 ou mais dias internados, foram redundantes em algum momento da internação, representando um desperdício de 1094 leitos-dia (30,17% do total de leitos-dia consumidos por este grupo de pacientes) . Estudou-se, também, um grupo de 102 pacientes com acompanhados durante uma semana, identificando-se 60 pacientes (59%) com hospitalização desnecessária. Não se verificou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de pacientes redundantes e não redundantes em relação às variáveis sócio-demográficas estudadas. As condições que contribuíram com maior número de dias de redundância foram neoplasias, doenças do aparelho respiratório (pneumopatia complicada e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica), fraturas, hipertensão arterial com ou sem insuficiência cardíaca, acidente vascular cerebral e cirrose hepática. Face a magnitude do desperdício de recursos decorrentes da hospitalização desnecessária e riscos para o paciente da permanência prolongada no hospital, é recomendada a implantação de programas experimentais para tratamento domiciliar de pacientes crônicos.

Legionnaires' disease in the renal transplant unit of "Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP": during a five year period (1988-1993)

Several reports have related Legionella pneumophila with pneumonia in renal transplant patients, however this association has not been systematically documented in Brazil. Therefore this paper reports the incidence, by serologycal assays, of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 in these patients during a five year period. For this purpose sera from blood samples of 70 hospitalized patients with pneumonia from the Renal Transplant Unit of Hospital das Clinicas, FMUSP collected at the acute and convalescent phase of infection were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to demonstrate anti-Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antibodies. Of these 70 patients studied during the period of 1988 to 1993,18 (25.71 %) had significant rises in specific antibody titers for Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. Incidence was interrupted following Hospital water decontamination procedures, with recurrence of infections after treatment interruption. In this study, the high susceptibility (25.71%) of immunodepressed renal transplant patients to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 nosocomial infections is documented. The importance of the implementation and maintenance of water decontamination measures for prophylaxis of the infection is also clearly evident.

O processo de definição e implementação de objetivos numa organização publica do setor saude : do conjunto sanatorial de Curicica ao Hospital de Clinicas Basicas Raphael de Paula Souza

Esta dissertação tem como objeto, o processo de definição e implementação de objetivos numa organização pública de saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica no campo das teorias organizacionais visando a identificar como as diferentes perspectivas teóricas(racional, natural, política e de integração) entendem o que sejam objetivos organizacionais e seu processo de definição e implementação. Foram identificadas também, algumas características destas organizações, as quais podem interferir no processo mencionado, provenientes de suas condições de serem públicas e de necessitarem de profissionais altamente qualificados para o seu funcionamento. Com base neste referencial teórico, foi realizado um estudo de caso numa organização pública de saúde - o Hospital Raphael de Paula Souza(Hospital de Curicica) - sobre o processo de transformação de seu perfil assistencial(de um hospital especializado em tisiologia para um hospital de clínicas básicas). Tem-se como pressuposto que uma compreensão mais adequada acerca da complexidade dos fatores intervenientes no processo de definição e implementação de objetivos das organizações públicas de saúde, poderá contribuir para que seus dirigentes(principais responsáveis pela sua condução) possam intervir ativamente naquele processo, minimizando as condições vigentes nestas organizações, de indefinição, incongruência e irresponsabilidade sobre seus objetivos. A reversão desta situação por sua vez, poderá contribuir também, para que nestas organizações, sejam alcançadas a eficiência e a eficácia, hoje tão insuficientes, porém absolutamente necessárias, não só a sua sobrevivência, mas para que respondam às necessidades de atendimento da população, razão principal de sua existência.

Penfigo foliaceo no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, SP

BACKGROUND - Pemphigus foliaceus is an autoimmune bullous disease that is endemic in Brazil and in other South American countries such as Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia. OBJECTIVES - To compare the observed clinical and epidemiological data with those referred in the literature. METHOD - Retrospective study in patients with pemphigus foliaceus admitted to and treated at University Hospital of the School of Medicine of Botucatu, SP, Brazil, from 1976 to 1993, analyzing the following variables: age, sex, race, origin and onset of disease. RESULTS - From 1976 to 1993, 63 patients were treated, with an average of 3.7 cases/year. Patients within the age range of 20 to 60 years old were the most affected. Most of the patients were white, females being slightly more affected than males. The majority of male patients were rural workers. Some towns presented higher incidence of cases. Most of the patients from rural areas became sick mainly in summer and in autumn. Occurrence of similar cases was observed in blood-related family members and neighbors. CONCLUSIONS - Clinical and epidemiological data were similar to those referred in the literature.

A experiência do enfermeiro com educação permanente no Hospital das Clinicas Unidade Materno Infantil de Marília

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Blood transfusion utilization and recipient survival at Hospital das Clinicas in Sao Paulo, Brazil

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of blood recipients including diagnoses associated with transfusion and posttransfusion survival are unreported in Brazil. The goals of this analysis were: 1) to describe blood utilization according to clinical diagnoses and patient characteristics and 2) to determine the factors associated with survival of blood recipients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted on all inpatients in 2004. Data came from three sources: The first two files consist of data about patient characteristics, clinical diagnosis, and transfusion. Analyses comparing transfused and nontransfused patients were conducted. The third file was used to determine survival recipients up to 3 years after transfusion. Logistic regression was conducted among transfused patients to examine characteristics associated with survival. RESULTS: In 2004, a total of 30,779 patients were admitted, with 3835 (12.4%) transfused. These patients had 10,479 transfusions episodes, consisting of 39,561 transfused components: 16,748 (42%) red blood cells, 15,828 (40%) platelets (PLTs), and 6190 (16%) plasma. The median number of components transfused was three (range, 1-656) per patient admission. Mortality during hospitalization was different for patients whose admissions included transfusion or not (24% vs. 4%). After 1 year, 56% of transfusion recipients were alive. The multivariable model of factors associated with mortality after transfusion showed that the most significant factors in descending order were hospital ward, increasing age, increasing number of components transfused, and type of components received. CONCLUSION: Ward and transfusion are markers of underlying medical conditions and are associated with the probability of survival. PLT transfusions are common and likely reflect the types of patients treated. This comprehensive blood utilization study, the first of its kind in Brazil, can help in developing transfusion policy analyses in South America.

Impact of Endovascular Technique in Vascular Surgery Training at a Large University Hospital in Brazil

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of endovascular surgery versus open vascular technique training in a Brazilian teaching service. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Hospital das Clinicas-Faculty of Medicine University of Sao Paulo, a tertiary institutional hospital Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: We reviewed 1,040 arterial operations performed during 2 distinct time periods: January 1995 to December 1996, and January 2006 to December 2007. Based on the disease treated, the procedures were classified into the following 5 groups: abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), aorto-iliac obstructive disease (Al), obstructive disease of the femoropoplitealtibial segment (FP), carotid disease (C), and others (0). The operations were also divided into an endovascular surgery (ES) group and an open surgery (OS) group. We compared the number of open and endovascular procedures for each arterial disease group during both periods. RESULTS: During the 2006-2007 period, 654 patients were treated surgically, whereas over the 1995-1996 period, 386 arterial operations were performed. A. significant increase in endovascular procedures (p < 0.001) was found from the 1995-1996 period to the 2006-201)7 period (35 vs 351, respectively) in all groups, whereas open surgery showed a slight increase in the number of procedures in the AAA and 0 groups only. In the 1995-1996 period, OS was the primary surgical method for all groups, but in the 2006-2007 time frame, OS was performed more frequently than ES only in the AAA and 0 groups. Considering all vascular disease groups, OS was the technique used in 90.9% (351 of 386) of the operations during 1995-1996, whereas in 2006-2007, OS was performed in only 46.3% (303 of 654) of the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the number of ES observed over the past decade has had little impact on OS procedures performed at our medical center, not bringing harm to open surgical training. (J Surg 68:19-23. (C) 2011 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fungemia in a university hospital: an epidemiological approach

INTRODUCTION: Fungemia corresponds to the isolation of fungi in the bloodstream and occurs mostly in immunosuppressed patients. The early diagnosis and treatment of these infections are relevant given the serious threat to the affected patients and possible spread to other organs, often becoming fatal. The growing number of fungemia associated with poor prognosis resulted in this research aiming to diagnose and assess the epidemiological aspects of hematogenous infections by fungi. METHODS: The study included 58 blood samples collected within a 1-year period, from patients at the Hospital das Clinicas, Federal University of Pernambuco, by venipuncture in vacuum tubes. Blood samples were processed for direct examination and culture and identification, conducted by observing the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as physiological characteristics when necessary. RESULTS: Eight (13.8%) episodes of fungemia were identified, accounting for the total sample, and these pathogens were Candida, Histoplasma, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, and a dematiaceous fungus. C. albicans was the prevalent species, accounting for 37.5% of the cases. Most affected patients were adult males. There was no predominance for any activity, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was the underlying pathology most often cited. CONCLUSIONS: The isolation of fungi considered as emergent species, such as C. membranifaciens and dematiaceous species, highlights the importance of epidemiological monitoring of cases of fungemia in immunocompromised patients, as the therapy of choice depends on the knowledge of the aethiological agent.

Cost of drugs manufactured by the University Hospital - role of the Central Pharmacy

The hospital pharmacy in large and advanced institutions has evolved from a simple storage and distribution unit into a highly specialized manipulation and dispensation center, responsible for the handling of hundreds of clinical requests, many of them unique and not obtainable from commercial companies. It was therefore quite natural that in many environments, a manufacturing service was gradually established, to cater to both conventional and extraordinary demands of the medical staff. That was the case of Hospital das Clinicas, where multiple categories of drugs are routinely produced inside the pharmacy. However, cost-containment imperatives dictate that such activities be reassessed in the light of their efficiency and essentiality. METHODS: In a prospective study, the output of the Manufacturing Service of the Central Pharmacy during a 12-month period was documented and classified into three types. Group I comprised drugs similar to commercially distributed products, Group II included exclusive formulations for routine consumption, and Group III dealt with special demands related to clinical investigations. RESULTS: Findings for the three categories indicated that these groups represented 34.4%, 45.3%, and 20.3% of total manufacture orders, respectively. Costs of production were assessed and compared with market prices for Group 1 preparations, indicating savings of 63.5%. When applied to the other groups, for which direct equivalent in market value did not exist, these results would suggest total yearly savings of over 5 100 000 US dollars. Even considering that these calculations leave out many components of cost, notably those concerning marketing and distribution, it might still be concluded that at least part of the savings achieved were real. CONCLUSIONS: The observed savings, allied with the convenience and reliability with which the Central Pharmacy performed its obligations, support the contention that internal manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations was a cost-effective alternative in the described setting.

Variação temporal do tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de mama em um hospital universitário na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

OBJETIVO: avaliar os tipos de tratamentos cirúrgicos para o câncer de mama executados pelo Programa de Mastologia do Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás (HC-UFG). MÉTODOS: estudo de coorte transversal no histórico de operações mamárias realizadas no HC-UFG, no período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2009. Foram avaliados através do boletim cirúrgico: o tempo e o porte cirúrgicos; o cirurgião responsável, o tipo de operação; o diagnóstico, e o tipo de anestesia. Através dos prontuários foram analisados: o laudo anatomopatológico do tumor, o comprometimento linfonodal, o tamanho do tumor primário, o estadiamento e a realização de terapias neoadjuvantes. Foram excluídas as operações realizadas para a retirada de tumores benignos da mama. A variação temporal foi analisada pela regressão de Poisson, considerando a mudança percentual anual (MPA). RESULTADOS: foram realizadas 403 operações de câncer de mama no período estudado, com uma média de 50,38 operações por ano. O tipo histológico mais frequente foi o carcinoma ductal invasor (72,6%). A média de idade das pacientes foi 52 anos, e 29% encontravam-se com doença nos estádios III e IV. A tendência temporal mostrou que houve aumento significativo do tamanho do tumor (p<0,01), dos estadios clínicos III e IV (p=0,01), e de quimioterapia neoadjuvante (p=0,02). Observou-se aumento de mastectomias (MPA=9 casos/ano, p=0,04). Não houve aumento dos casos de tratamentos com conservação mamária, nem de reconstruções imediatas. CONCLUSÃO: nos últimos anos, no HC-UFG, tem ocorrido aumento do número de mastectomias em decorrência do aumento de casos de câncer de mama locorregional avançado.

Incidence of uterine post abortion infection at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Is prophylactic antibiotic necessary?

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of pelvic infection after miscarriage undergoing uterine evacuation in a tertiary hospital in southern Brazil and to compare with the international literature.METHODS: we reviewed electronic medical records of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre of all patients who underwent uterine evacuation for miscarriage between August 2008 and January 2012 were reviewed. We included all patients submitted to uterine curettage due to abortion and who had outpatient visits for review after the procedure. We calculated emographic and laboratory data of the study population, number needed for treatment (NNT) and number needed to harm (NNH).RESULTS: of the 857 revised electronic medical records, 377 patients were subjected to uterine evacuation for miscarriage; 55 cases were lost to follow-up, leaving 322 cases that were classified as not infected abortion on admission. The majority of the population was white (79%); HIV prevalence and positive VDRL was 0.3% and 2%, respectively. By following these 322 cases for a minimum of seven days, it was found that the incidence of post-procedure infection was 1.8% (95% CI 0.8 to 4). The NNT and NNH calculated for 42 months were 63 and 39, respectively.CONCLUSION: The incidence of post-abortion infection between August 2008 to January 2012 was 1.8% (0.8 to 4).

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida spp. bloodstream isolates from a Brazilian tertiary care hospital

In this work, we collect data from surveys of bloodstream Candida isolates performed in Brazil from 1996 to 2004. Besides, we analyzed the species distribution of bloodstream Candida isolates together with potential risk factors for candidemia and the susceptibility profile of these isolates in patients from Hospital das Clinicas in Goiaonia city, Brazil. Blood samples were collected in the admission day and on every 7 days, in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital. Candida isolates were identified by standard protocols that included germ tube formation, chlamydoconidia production on cornmeal agar and sugar fermentation and assimilation tests. Data of patients were recorded and analyzed according to age at the time of diagnosis, gender and presence of potential risk factors. Statistical analysis was used to determine if the time of hospital permanence increased Candida colonization in ICU patients' blood. The antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution method according to document NCCLS/CLSI M27-A2. Among the 345 blood samples cultured, candidemia was recovered in 33 patients, which were isolated 51.5% of Candida non-albicans. Fungemia was associated with long-term hospitalization. Fluconazole, itraconzole, voriconazole and amphotericin B exhibited a potent activity against all isolates of Candida. Voriconazole MICs were much low for all isolates tested. This work confirms data of increase of Candida non-albicans species in bloodstream in ICU and shows that voriconazole in vitro activity was higher than those of itraconazole, fluconazole and amphotericin B.