Repuesta al tratamiento súper ovulatorio, con folltropin V (Análogo sintético de la FSH), en hembras bovinas donantes, de las razas Pardo Suizo y Holsteins de la finca las mercedes de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, Managua

El presente trabajo investigativo se llevo a cabo en la finca Las Mercedes, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria ubicada en el Departamento de Managua, Nicaragua, en el Km 12.5 Carretera Norte. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si hay influencia del factor raza en la repuesta súper ovulatoria en las hembras bovinas donantes de la> razas Holsteins y Pardo Suizo sometidas al tratamiento hormonal mediante la aplicación del Folltropin V (Análogo Sintético de la Hormona Foliculoestimulante FSH).El tamallo requerido de la muestra fue d 1 O hembras donantes para cada raza en estudio ;las cuales fueron previamente seleccionados según la calidad genética de cada hembra , la edad comprendida para la selección fue de entre 3 y 5 años además se realizaron exámenes clínicos y ginecológicos para determinar si cumplían con los requisitos o parámetros de salud para realizar esta técnica de mejoramiento productivo, los datos se obtuvieron mediante el conteo de cuerpos lúteos y folículos atravez de la palpación rectal de los ovarios ;el mismo dla en que realizo la recolecta de los embriones; los cuales fueron llevados al laboratorio para ser clasificados según su estado de desarrollo y calidad posteriormente fueron transferidos y congelados . Los resultados obtenidos atravez del análisis de la respuesta súper ovulatoria, indican que hay diferencia signicativa en cuanto al numero de cuerpos híteos en la raza Pardo Suizo ya que obtuvo un promedio de 9.2 cuerpo lúteos y la raza Holsteins obtuvo un promedio de 6.9 cuerpos lúteos . Por otra parte no hubo diferencia significativa en lo que respecta al número de embriones que tuvo un promedio de 3.8 cultivados en comparación con los 3. 7 embriones de la Raza Holsteins.

Assessing relationships between genetic evaluations using robust regression with an application to holsteins in Uruguay

Globalization of dairy cattle breeding has created a need for international sire proofs. Some early methods for converting proofs from one population to another are based on simple linear regression. An alternative robust regression method based on the t-distribution is presented, and maximum likelihood and Bayesian techniques for analysis are described, including the situation in which some proofs are missing. Procedures were used to investigate the relationship between Holstein sire proofs obtained by two Uruguayan genetic evaluation programs. The results suggest that conversion equations developed from data including only sires having proofs in both populations can lead to distorted results, relative to estimates obtained using techniques for incomplete data. There was evidence of non-normality of regression residuals, which constitutes an additional source of bias. A robust estimator may not solve all problems, but can provide simple conversion equations that are less sensitive to outlying proofs and to departures from assumptions.

Genotype x environment interaction for age at first calving in Brazilian and Colombian Holsteins

The objective was to determine whether there is a genotype x environment interaction for age at first calving (AFC) in Holstein cattle in Brazil and Colombia. Data included 51,239 and 25,569 first-lactation records from Brazil and Colombia, respectively. Of 4230 sires in the data, 530 were North American sires used in both countries. Analyses were done using the REML bi-trait animal model, and AFC was considered as a distinct characteristic in each country. Fixed effects of contemporary group (herd-calving year), sire genetic group, and cow genetic group, and random effects of animal and residual variation were included in the model. Average AFC in Brazil and Colombia were 29.5 ± 4.0 and 32.1 ± 3.5 mo, respectively. Additive and residual genetic components and heritability coefficient for AFC in Brazil were 2.21 mo 2, 9.41 mo 2, and 0.19, respectively, whereas for Colombia, they were 1.02 mo 2, 6.84 mo 2, and 0.13, respectively. The genetic correlation of AFC between Brazil and Colombia was 0.78, indicating differences in ranking of sires consistent with a genotype x environment interaction. Therefore, in countries with differing environments, progeny of Holstein sires may calve at relatively younger or older ages compared with contemporary herdmates in one environment versus another.

Erdgeschichte und Bodenaufbau Schleswig-Holsteins.

Mode of access: Internet.

Christian August, Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein; ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Befreiung Schleswig-Holsteins.

Mode of access: Internet.

Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte Schleswig-Holsteins.

Mode of access: Internet.

Schleswig-Holsteins Recht, Deutschlands Pflicht und der Londoner Tractat /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sindhi-Jersey and Sindhi-Holstein crosses : their external form and internal anatomy compared with those of purebred Jerseys and Holsteins /

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Diet digestibility, rate of passage, and eating and rumination behavior of Jersey and Holstein cows

Diet digestibility and rate of passage, eating and rumination behavior, dry matter intake (DMI), and lactation performance were compared in 6 Jersey and 6 Holstein multiparous cows. Cows were fed gestation diets according to body weight (BW) beginning 7 wk before expected calving and ad libitum amounts of a lactation diet postpartum. Diet digestibility and rate of passage were measured in 5-d periods at wk 5 prepartum and wk 6 and 14 of lactation. Eating and ruminating behavior was measured over 5-d periods at wk 5 and 2 prepartum and wk 2, 6, 10, and 14 of lactation. Milk yield and DMI were higher in Holsteins, but milk energy output per kilogram of metabolic BW (BW0.75) and intake capacity (DMI/kg of BW) did not differ between breeds. Holsteins spent longer ruminating per day compared with Jerseys, but daily eating time did not differ between breeds. Jerseys spent more time eating and ruminating per unit of ingested feed. The duration and number of meals consumed did not differ between breeds, but the meals consumed by Jerseys were distributed more evenly throughout each 24-h period, providing a more regular supply of feed to the rumen. Feed passed through the digestive tract more quickly in Jerseys compared with Holsteins, suggesting particle breakdown and rumen outflow were faster in Jerseys, but this may also reflect the relative size of their digestive tract. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was greater in Jerseys, despite the shorter rumen retention time, but digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, starch, and N did not differ between breeds. Utilization of digested N for tissue retention was higher at wk 5 prepartum and lower at wk 14 of lactation in Jerseys. In contrast to numerous published studies, intake capacity of Jerseys was not higher than that of Holsteins, but in the present study, cows were selected on the basis of equal expected milk energy yield per kilogram of metabolic BW. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and rate of digesta passage were higher in Jerseys, probably as a consequence of increased mastication per unit of feed consumed in Jerseys and their smaller size.

Nutritional implications on the fertility of high yielding dairy cows

This paper reviews energy utilisation in high yielding Holsteins and draws attention to the competing forces within the cow for nutrients to support different physiological processes. These comprise; meeting obligatory maintenance costs, providing essential nutrients for milk synthesis, maintenance of satisfactory milk composition, regulation of body tissue metabolism and body condition score and the establishment of reproductive cyclity after calving, followed by a successful pregnancy. Interrelationships between nutritional state and the partition of nutrients to these competing forces is discussed, with emphasis on the fertility of high yielding multiparous cows, aiming to determine the origins of some of the abnormal cycles and compromised fertility noted in such cows. A further analysis with primaparous heifers is provided and finally a number of strategies are identified that could be undertaken, to improve nutritional state and the overall fertility of high yielding cows. It is concluded that development of improved nutritional strategies represents a more reliable means of improving the overall productivity, along with the fertility of high yielding cows, than an increased focus on genetic selection, where predictability of response has often been disappointing.

Assessment of inbreeding depression in a Guzerat dairy herd: Effects of individual increase in inbreeding coefficients on production and reproduction

Influences of inbreeding on daily milk yield (DMY), age at first calving (AFC), and calving intervals (CI) were determined on a highly inbred zebu dairy subpopulation of the Guzerat breed. Variance components were estimated using animal models in single-trait analyses. Two approaches were employed to estimate inbreeding depression: using individual increase in inbreeding coefficients or using inbreeding coefficients as possible covariates included in the statistical models. The pedigree file included 9,915 animals, of which 9,055 were inbred, with an average inbreeding coefficient of 15.2%. The maximum inbreeding coefficient observed was 49.45%, and the average inbreeding for the females still in the herd during the analysis was 26.42%. Heritability estimates were 0.27 for DMY and 0.38 for AFC. The genetic variance ratio estimated with the random regression model for CI ranged around 0.10. Increased inbreeding caused poorer performance in DMY, AFC, and CI. However, some of the cows with the highest milk yield were among the highly inbred animals in this subpopulation. Individual increase in inbreeding used as a covariate in the statistical models accounted for inbreeding depression while avoiding overestimation that may result when fitting inbreeding coefficients.