Behavior of nuclear matrix proteins during camptothecin-induced apoptosis in HL-60 human leukemia cells.

In this study we focused our attention on the behavior of four nuclear matrix proteins during the various stages of apoptosis in the HL-60 cell line exposed to the DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor, camptothecin. We have examined the following antigens by immunocytochemical techniques: (i) the 180-kDa nucleolar isoform of DNA topoisomerase II; (ii) a 126-kDa polypeptide of nuclear bodies; (iii) a 125-kDa protein; and (iv) a 160-kDa polypeptide which are known to be components of the matrix inner network. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments were performed to follow these nuclear matrix antigens during apoptosis. Moreover, the ultrastructural localization of both 125- and 160-kDa proteins was investigated by electron microscope immunocytochemistry with gold-conjugated secondary antibodies. While the antibody to the nucleolar isoform of DNA topoisomerase II gave a fluorescent pattern that was well-maintained until the late phases of apoptosis, the other three nuclear antigens showed marked modifications in their distribution. A common feature, particularly evident for 125- and 160-kDa proteins, was their absence from cap-shaped chromatin marginations, whereas they were present in the areas of remaining decondensed chromatin. The 126-kDa polypeptide concentrated progressively in an irregular mass at the opposite side of the crescentic caps and then broke up in fine spots. The 125- and 160-kDa proteins localized in the nucleolus and precisely within certain granules which are known to appear in the nucleolar area after camptothecin administration. These results show that, in addition to the well-known chromatin changes, nuclear organization undergoes other rearrangements during the apoptotic process.

Lausunto HL Liisa Kähkösen väitöskirjaksi tarkoittamasta käsikirjoituksesta "Näennäismarkkinoiden tehokkuuden rajoitteet ja mahdollisuudet paikallishallinnon palvelujen kilpailuttamisessa"

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Halpoja virkistysmatkoja Tukholmaan Suomen ja Ruotsin saariston kautta Hl. Suomessa

kuv., 14 x 24 cm

Helsinki-Tallinna Hl. "Express"

kuv., 9 x 13 cm

Tetramethylpyrazine potentiates arsenic trioxide activity against HL-60 cell lines

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in combination with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells. The HL-60 cells were treated with 300 µg/mL TMP, 0.5 µM As2O3, and 300 µg/mL TMP combined with 0.5 µM As2O3, respectively. The proliferative inhibition rates were determined with MTT. Differentiation was detected by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test, Wright’s staining and the distribution of CD11b and CD14. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were employed to detect the expressions of c-myc, p27, CDK2, and cyclin E1. Combination treatment had synergistic effects on the proliferative inhibition rates. The rates were increased gradually after the combination treatment, much higher than those treated with the corresponding concentration of As2O3 alone. The cells exhibited characteristics of mature granulocytes and a higher NBT-reducing ability, being a 2.6-fold increase in the rate of NBT-positive ratio of HL-60 cells within the As2O3 treatment versus almost a 13-fold increase in the TMP + As2O3 group. Cells treated with both TMP and As2O3 expressed far more CD11b antigens, almost 2-fold compared with the control group. Small doses of TMP potentiate As2O3-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, possibly by regulating the expression and activity of G0/G1 phase-arresting molecules. Combination treatment of TMP with As2O3 has significant synergistic effects on the proliferative inhibition of HL-60 cells.

Secretory TAT-peptide-mediated protein transduction of LIF receptor α-chain distal cytoplasmic motifs into human myeloid HL-60 cells

The distal cytoplasmic motifs of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α-chain (LIFRα-CT3) can independently induce intracellular myeloid differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by gene transfection; however, there are significant limitations in the potential clinical use of these motifs due to liposome-derived genetic modifications. To produce a potentially therapeutic LIFRα-CT3 with cell-permeable activity, we constructed a eukaryotic expression pcDNA3.0-TAT-CT3-cMyc plasmid with a signal peptide (ss) inserted into the N-terminal that codes for an ss-TAT-CT3-cMyc fusion protein. The stable transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells via this vector and subsequent selection by Geneticin resulted in cell lines that express and secrete TAT-CT3-cMyc. The spent medium of pcDNA3.0-TAT-CT3-cMyc-transfected CHO cells could be purified using a cMyc-epitope-tag agarose affinity chromatography column and could be detected via SDS-PAGE, with antibodies against cMyc-tag. The direct administration of TAT-CT3-cMyc to HL-60 cell culture media caused the enrichment of CT3-cMyc in the cytoplasm and nucleus within 30 min and led to a significant reduction of viable cells (P < 0.05) 8 h after exposure. The advantages of using this mammalian expression system include the ease of generating TAT fusion proteins that are adequately transcripted and the potential for a sustained production of such proteins in vitro for future AML therapy.

Involvement of Src tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C in the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induced by H2O2 in HL-1 mouse cardiac muscle cells

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pleiotropic cytokine, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation; however, the upstream regulation of MIF in atrial myocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether and how MIF is regulated in response to the renin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress in atrium myocytes (HL-1 cells). MIF protein and mRNA levels in HL-1 cells were assayed using immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and Western blot. The result indicated that MIF was expressed in the cytoplasm of HL-1 cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not angiotensin II, stimulated MIF expression in HL-1 cells. H2O2-induced MIF protein and gene levels increased in a dose-dependent manner and were completely abolished in the presence of catalase. H2O2-induced MIF production was completely inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein and PP1, as well as by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X, suggesting that redox-sensitive MIF production is mediated through tyrosine kinase and PKC-dependent mechanisms in HL-1 cells. These results suggest that MIF is upregulated by HL-1 cells in response to redox stress, probably by the activation of Src and PKC.

[Kalmbergin kartasto] Hauho, Hämeenlinna, Hollola, Asikkala, Pälkäne, Padasjoki, Lammi, Tuulos, Koski Hl., Vanaja, Janakkala

1 kartasto (86 karttalehteä) :, kaksivär. ;, kotelo 48 x 56 cm

[Kalmbergin kartasto] Hausjärvi, Janakkala, Hollola, Nurmijärvi, Loppi, Kärkölä, Koski Hl.

1 kartasto (86 karttalehteä) :, kaksivär. ;, kotelo 48 x 56 cm

Impact du statut de différenciation des cellules promyélocytaires HL-60 sur l’efficacité anticancéreuse et antiinflammatoire de l’EGCG

L’altération de la barrière hématoencéphalique (BHE) par les cellules tumorales et les cellules immunes circulantes peut mener à la neuroinflammation. Les cellules leucémiques promyélocytaires HL-60 sont un excellent modèle pour étudier et comprendre les mécanismes de signalisation moléculaires qui caractérisent le développement tumoral et métastatique. La cancérogenèse peut s’accompagner de modulations de l’expression de biomarqueurs tels que la cyclooxygénase-2 et la métalloprotéase-9. Les recherches décrites dans ce mémoire relatent l’analyse des biomarqueurs inflammatoires et invasifs régulés lors de la différenciation induite par le PMA des cellules HL-60 en macrophages. Le statut de différenciation cellulaire pourrait avoir un impact sur les gènes cibles de la voie NF-κB. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que le PMA active la voie NF-κB et que cette signalisation peut être renversée par l’(-)-épigallocatéchine-gallate (EGCG). En effet, une régulation à la hausse de l’expression de plusieurs gènes combinée à la diminution de l’expression d’IκB mettent en évidence l’implication de la voie NF-κB dans l’activation des mécanismes pro-inflammatoires et pro-invasifs. Les mêmes observations sont faites dans les cellules différenciées appelées «macrophages-like». L’EGCG, un polyphénol dérivé du thé vert, a un potentiel chimiopréventif. Il est capable d’inhiber la signalisation moléculaire passant par la voie NF-κB dans les cellules HL-60 traitées simultanément par l’EGCG et le PMA, mais pas dans les cellules «macrophages-like». Cette différence peut s’expliquer par une modulation de l’expression du récepteur de surface cellulaire de l’EGCG, le récepteur à la laminine de 67 kDa, et de son précurseur de 37 kDa. Collectivement, nos résultats montrent que le statut de différenciation des cellules promyélocytaires HL-60 concorde avec l’activation des mécanismes favorisant le développement d’un cancer et des métastases. Cet effet peut être prévenu par l’utilisation d’agents naturels tel l’EGCG. Le ciblage de biomarqueurs liés au statut de différenciation des cellules tumorales impliquées dans la perturbation de la barrière hématoencéphalique qui cause la neuroinflammation permettrait l’avancement des connaissances dans la prévention de la cancérogenèse.

Antiproliferative activity of pristimerin isolated from Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae) in human HL-60 cells

Pristimerin has been shown to be cytotoxic to several cancer cell lines. In the present work, the cytotoxicity of pristimerin was evaluated in human tumor cell lines and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This work also examined the effects of pristimerin (0.4; 0.8 and 1.7 mu M) in HL-60 cells, after 6, 12 and 24 h of exposure. Pristimerin reduced the number of viable cells and increased number of non-viable cells in a concentration-dependent manner by tripan blue test showing morphological changes consistent with apoptosis. Nevertheless, pristimerin was not selective to cancer cells, since it inhibited PBMC proliferation with an IC50 of 0.88 PM. DNA synthesis inhibition assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in HL-60 cells was 70% and 83% for the concentrations of 0.4 and 0.8 mu M, respectively. Pristimerin (10 and 20 mu M) was not able to inhibit topoisomerase 1. In AO/EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining, all tested concentrations reduced the number of HL-60 viable cells, with the occurrence of necrosis and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, results in agreement with trypan blue exclusion findings. The analysis of membrane integrity and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry in the presence of pristimerin indicated that treated cells underwent apoptosis. The present data point to the importance of pristimerin as representative of an emerging class of potential anticancer chemicals, exhibiting an antiproliferative effect by inhibiting DNA synthesis and triggering apoptosis. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.