Oral treatment with Hev b 13 ameliorates experimental colitis in mice

Hev b 13 is an allergenic esterase obtained from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, which has been shown recently to induce human mononuclear cells to release interleukin (IL)-10 in vitro. This immunoregulatory cytokine appears to play an important role in preventing inflammation and mucosal damage in animal models of colitis and in Crohn's disease patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Hev b 13 in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Two hours following colonic instillation of the haptenizing agent, and daily thereafter for 5 days, Hev b 13 was administered by oral gavage. In mice treated with daily doses of either 0.5 mg/kg or 5.0 mg/kg of Hev b 13, the clinical signs of diarrhoea, rectal prolapse and body weight loss and also histological damage of the distal colon, were reduced significantly, in comparison with water-treated diseased mice. These findings suggest a potent anti-inflammatory activity of Hev b 13; this activity is speculated to be related to its interaction with cells from the immune system.

Oral treatment with Hev b 13 prevents experimental arthritis in mice

Hev b 13 is an allergenic esterase obtained from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis, which has been shown recently to induce human monocytes to release interleukin (IL)-10 in vitro, and to exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Moreover, Hev b 13 has been shown to reduce clinical signs of inflammation and also histological damage to the distal colon of mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenze sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis after its oral administration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Hev b 13 on human mononuclear cells, as well as its therapeutic use in the methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) model of antigen-induced arthritis. Five days before the intra-articular challenge, and daily thereafter for 8 days, Hev b 13 was administered by oral gavage. In mice treated with a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of Hev b 13, the severity of oedema, leucocyte infiltration, pannus formation and cartilage erosion were reduced significantly. These findings underscore the anti-inflammatory activity suggested previously for Hev b 13, an activity speculated to be related to its interaction with monocytes/macrophages and the consequent stimulation of IL-10 release and reduction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) release. The study also opens a wide range of possible applications in the field of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Quantitative Analysis of Immunoglobulin E Reactivity Profiles in Patients Allergic or Sensitized to Natural Rubber Latex (Hevea Brasiliensis)

Characterized native and recombinant Hevea brasiliensis (rHev b) natural rubber latex (NRL) allergens are available to assess patient allergen sensitization profiles. OBJECTIVE: Quantification of individual IgE responses to the spectrum of documented NRL allergens and evaluation of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) for more definitive diagnosis. METHODS: Sera of 104 healthcare workers (HCW; 51 German, 21 Portuguese, 32 American), 31 spina bifida patients (SB; 11 German, 20 Portuguese) and 10 Portuguese with multiple surgeries (MS) were analysed for allergen-specific IgE antibody (sIgE) to NRL, single Hev b allergens and CCDs with ImmunoCAP technology. RESULTS: In all patient groups rHev b 5-sIgE concentrations were the most pronounced. Hev b 2, 5, 6.01 and 13 were identified as the major allergens in HCW and combined with Hev b 1 and Hev b 3 in SB. In MS Hev b 1 displayed an intermediate relevance. Different sIgE antibody levels to native Hevea brasiliensis (nHev b) 2 and rHev b 6.01 allowed discrimination of SB with clinical relevant latex allergy vs. those with latex sensitization. Sensitization profiles of German, Portuguese and American patients were equivalent. rHev b 5, 6.01 and nHev b 13 combined detected 100% of the latex-allergic HCW and 80.1% of the SB. Only 8.3% of the sera showed sIgE response to CCDs. CONCLUSIONS: Hev b 1, 2, 5, 6.01 and 13 were identified as the major Hev b allergens and they should be present in standardized latex extracts and in vitro allergosorbents. CCDs are only of minor relevance in patients with clinical relevant latex allergy. Component-resolved diagnostic analyses for latex allergy set the stage for an allergen-directed immunotherapy strategy

Characterization and Experimental Host Range of a Brazilian Tomato Isolate of Tomato severe rugose virus

We report the complete molecular characterization of the DNA-A and DNA-B of a Brazilian tomato isolate of Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and the experimental host range of the virus determined using white-fly transmission tests. Genome analysis showed that ToSRV has a close evolutionary relationship with Tomato rugose mosaic virus. Of 33 plants species inoculated with viruliferous Bemisia tabaci biotype B, 13 species were susceptible to ToSRV, nine asymptomatically. Therefore, ToSRV disease management strategy should include the control of infected weeds close to tomato fields.

Substructure and Dynamics of the Fornax Cluster

We present the first dynamical analysis of a galaxy cluster to include a large fraction of dwarf galaxies. Our sample of 108 Fornax Cluster members measured with the UK Schmidt Telescope FLAIR-II spectrograph contains 55 dwarf galaxies (15.5 > b(j) > 18.0 or -16 > M-B > -13.5). H alpha emission shows that of the dwarfs are star forming, twice the fraction implied by morphological classifications. The total sample has a mean velocity of 1493 +/- 36 kms s(-1) and a velocity dispersion of 374 +/- 26 km s(-1). The dwarf galaxies form a distinct population: their velocity dispersion (429 +/- 41 km s(-1)) is larger than that of the giants () at the 98% confidence level. This suggests that the dwarf population is dominated by infalling objects whereas the giants are virialized. The Fornax system has two components, the main Fornax Cluster centered on NGC 1399 with cz = 1478 km s(-1) and sigma (cz) = 370 km s(-1) and a subcluster centered 3 degrees to the southwest including NGC 1316 with cz = 1583 km s(-1) and sigma (cz) = 377 km s(-1). This partition is preferred over a single cluster at the 99% confidence level. The subcluster, a site of intense star formation, is bound to Fornax and probably infalling toward the cluster core for the first time. We discuss the implications of this substructure for distance estimates of the Fornax Cluster. We determine the cluster mass profile using the method of Diaferio, which does not assume a virialized sample. The mass within a projected radius of 1.4 Mpc is (7 +/- 2) x 10(13) M-., and the mass-to-light ratio is 300 +/- 100 M-./L-.. The mass is consistent with values derived from the projected mass virial estimator and X-ray measurements at smaller radii.

High surface brightness dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster

We describe a search for compact dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster using the FLAIR spectrograph on the UK Schmidt Telescope. We measured radial velocities of 453 compact galaxies brighter than B-T approximate to 17.3 and found seven new compact dwarf cluster members that were not classified in previous surveys as members of the cluster. These are amongst the most compact, high surface brightness dwarf galaxies known. The inclusion of these galaxies in the cluster does not change the total luminosity function significantly, but they are important because of their extreme nature; one in particular appears to be a dwarf spiral. Three of the new dwarfs have strong emission lines and we identify them as blue compact dwarfs (BCDs), doubling the number of confirmed BCDs in the cluster. We also determined that none of the compact dwarf elliptical (M32-like) candidates is in the cluster, down to an absolute magnitude M-B = -13.2. We have investigated the claim of Irwin et al. that there is no strong relation between surface brightness and magnitude for the cluster members and find some support for this for the brighter galaxies (B-T < 17.3), but fainter galaxies still need to be measured.

Diverse solid-state and solution structures within a series of hexaamine dicopper(II) complexes

Mono- and dicopper(II) complexes of a series of potentially bridging hexaamine ligands have been prepared and characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The crystal structures of the following Cu-II complexes are reported: [Cu(HL3)](ClO4)(3), C11H31Cl3CuN6O12, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 8.294(2) Angstrom, b = 18.364(3) Angstrom, c = 15.674(3) Angstrom, beta = 94.73(2)degrees, Z = 4; {[Cu-2(L-4)(CO3)](2)}(ClO4)(4). 4H(2)O, C40H100Cl4Cu4N12O26, triclinic, P (1) over bar, a = 9.4888(8) Angstrom, b=13.353(1) Angstrom,. c = 15.329(1) Angstrom, alpha = 111.250(7)degrees, beta = 90.068(8)degrees, gamma = 105.081(8)degrees, Z=1; [Cu-2(L-5)(OH2)(2)](ClO4)(4), C(13)H(36)Cl(4)Cu(2)Z(6)O(18), monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 7.225(2) Angstrom. b = 8.5555(5) Angstrom, c = 23.134(8) Angstrom, beta = 92.37(1)degrees, Z = 2; [Cu-2(L-6)(OH2)(2)](ClO4)(4). 3H(2)O, C14H44Cl4Cu2N6O21, monoclinic, P2(1)/a, a = 15.204(5) Angstrom, b = 7.6810(7) Angstrom, c = 29.370(1) Angstrom, beta = 100.42(2)degrees, Z = 4. Solution spectroscopic properties of the bimetallic complexes indicate that significant conformational changes occur upon dissolution, and this has been probed with EPR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations.

Fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a multiple modulated field

We investigate the fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a multiple amplitude-modulated field. The driving held is modeled as a polychromatic field composed of a strong central (resonant) component and a large number of symmetrically detuned sideband fields displaced from the central component by integer multiples of a constant detuning. Spectra obtained here differ qualitatively from those observed for a single pair of modulating fields [B. Blind, P.R. Fontana, and P. Thomann, J. Phys. B 13, 2717 (1980)]. In the case of a small number of the modulating fields, a multipeaked spectrum is obtained with the spectral features located at fixed frequencies that are independent of the number of modulating fields and their Rabi frequencies. As the number of the modulating fields increases, the spectrum ultimately evolves to the well-known Mellow triplet with the sidebands shifted from the central component by an effective Rabi frequency whose magnitude depends on the initial relative phases of the components of the driving held. For equal relative phases, the effective Rabi frequency of the driving field can be reduced to zero resulting in the disappearance of fluorescence spectrum, i.e., the atom can stop interacting with the field. When the central component and the modulating fields are 180 degrees out of phase, the spectrum retains its triplet structure with the sidebands located at frequencies equal to the sum of the Rabi frequencies of the component of the driving field. Moreover, we shaw that the frequency of spontaneous emission can be controlled and switched from one frequency to another when the Rabi frequency or initial phase of the modulating fields are varied.

Congestão Nasal em Portugal - Epidemiologia e Implicações

A congestão nasal é o sintoma mais referido nas doenças inflamatórias e/ou infecciosas da mucosa nasal, sendo a rinite alérgica a sua causa mais frequente. Existindo deficiente informação epidemiológica sobre a problemática em discussão, o presente estudo avalia e caracteriza a prevalência da obstrução nasal na população adulta e a situação actual quanto à etiologia e tratamento deste sintoma tão frequente na prática c1ínica. Metodologia: 0 estudo foi realizado durante o primeiro trimestre de 2007, com base numa amostra representativa da população de Portugal, de idade igual ou superior a 15 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário para identificação de sete sintomas ocorridos nas duas últimas semannas e ainda a identificação de três sintomas ocorridos na última semana, sendo feitas avaliações funcionais, com medições do fluxo inspiratório máximo nasal (peak-flow nasal) numa sub-amostra da população. Foi criado um "índice de congestão nasal global", com base nas sete perguntas do questionário, através da transformação do indicador das respostas num índice. Resultados: Dos 1037 inquiridos, cerca de 9,5% afirmaram ter dificuldades em trabalhar, aprender na escola ou fazer as suas actividades por causa dos sintomas nasais. Cerca de 2/3 da população não apresentou congestão nasal (grupo A, 65,6%), 16,4% revelou queixas pouco significativas (grupo B), 13,3% apresentou congestão nasal ligeira a moderada e cerca de 4,6% apresentou congestão nasal grave. Cerca de 17,9% da população estudada tem queixas significativas de congestão nasal. Os indices de congestão nasal foram significativamente mais elevados nas mulheres e nos indivíduos que referiram dificuldades em trabalhar/estudar/fazer alguma actividade devido aos sintomas nasais. Na análise dos três sintomas ocorridos durante a última semana, os doentes com índices de congestão mais elevados apresentavam significativamente mais queixas de "acordar de manhã com nariz tapado ou obstruido" (p <0,0001) "acordar de manhã com boca seca ou com sede" (p <0,0001) e de ressonar (pboral e escolar. A partir de um questionário validado de 7 perguntas, é possível construir índices de congestão nasal que permitem a avaliação do grau de congestão nasal, definindo a necessidade de iniciativas terapêuticas e passando também pela consciencialização da comunidade, dos doentes e dos médicos da dimensão deste problema e suas implicações psico-sociais.

Complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgia colo-rectal : estudo aplicado ao internamento nos hospitais públicos de Portugal continental

RESUMO - As complicações pós-operatórias são uma importante questão da qualidade dos cuidados. No actual contexto, é impreterível actuar sobre esta fonte de morbilidade e mortalidade que afeta um número substancial de doentes e que está associada a um acréscimo no consumo de recursos. Particularmente em cirurgia colo-rectal, as complicações pós-operatórias são comuns e frequentemente graves. O principal objectivo do estudo consistiu em conhecer a realidade portuguesa quanto às complicações pós-operatórias em cirurgia colo-rectal, dada a problemática envolvente e a estreita evidência científica desta questão no nosso país. Pretendeu-se conhecer a população submetida a cirurgia colo-rectal, a ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias, os factores de risco para tal ocorrência, o desempenho hospitalar medido a este nível e o impacto destes eventos adversos em termos de mortalidade hospitalar e de demora média. Foi realizado um estudo observacional retrospectivo em doentes submetidos a cirurgia colo-rectal por doença neoplásica, diverticular e inflamatória, nos hospitais públicos de Portugal continental, no período de 2009 a 2011. A fonte de dados foi a base de dados dos resumos de alta. Estatisticamente recorreu-se a análises descritivas, univariadas e multivariadas. Dos 20.380 doentes analisados, distribuídos por 44 hospitais, 4.293 (21,1%) desenvolveram pelo menos uma complicação pós-operatória, estando a infecção pós-operatória (12,4%) e a deiscência da ferida e/ou outra complicação não infecciosa da ferida (5,6%) entre as complicações mais frequentes. Mediante o recurso à análise multivariada, foi possível identificar diversos factores de risco para complicações pós-operatórias e demonstrar que factores de risco específicos predizem complicações específicas. A comparação entre taxas de complicações pós-operatórias observadas e esperadas permitiu apurar o número de hospitais que, pelo seu desempenho a este nível, se destacaram pela positiva e pela negativa. Possibilitou igualmente o reconhecimento das complicações pós-operatórias com maior influência no pior desempenho hospitalar. Mais uma vez através de análises multivariadas, verificámos que os doentes com complicações pós-operatórias apresentaram um risco aumentado de mortalidade hospitalar (OR= 6,17; IC 95%: 5,40-7,05, p-value < 0,0001) e de prolongamento do internamento (B= 13,6; IC 95%: 13,2-14,0, p-value < 0,0001). Destacaram-se algumas complicações pós-operatórias quanto ao seu impacto em cada um destes indicadores. Sem prejuízo das limitações do estudo, os resultados obtidos parecem apontar para problemas de qualidade dos cuidados, sugerindo que algumas complicações pós-operatórias possam ser evitáveis. Espera-se que os dados apresentados contribuam, de alguma forma, para o conhecimento da situação das complicações após cirurgia colo-rectal nos hospitais públicos de Portugal continental. Este estudo pode ser um começo para futuras investigações no âmbito das complicações pós-operatórias, nesta cirurgia, em Portugal.