3 resultados para Gynostemma pentaphyllum
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Universität Magdeburg, Dissertation, 2015
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绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)系葫芦科绞股蓝属植物,药用价值广泛,但其野生资源日趋减少,绞股蓝主要药效成分为绞股 蓝皂甙。利用组织和细胞培养生产绞股蓝皂甙是合理开发利用和保护绞股蓝资源的可能途径之一。本文对绞股蓝组织培养中培养基 的蔗糖和激素的组成以及各种胁迫条件:渗透压、重金属离子、真菌诱导物等对皂苷产量的影响进行了初步研究。其中,渗透压、 重金属离子、真菌诱导物对绞股蓝愈伤组织皂甙产量的影响尚未见报道。1. 蔗糖对绞股蓝愈伤组织之生长影响显著,2,4-D对绞股 蓝愈伤组织皂甙含量、产量影响显著。增加蔗糖用量,减少2,4-D的用量可提高皂甙产量。2. Mn++ 用量的提高抑制绞股蓝愈伤组 织的生长,但可促进皂甙含量、产量的提高。Mn++用量提高至MS培养基的20-30倍时可使皂甙产量增加近一倍,而提高Cu++浓度的 作用不明显。3. 甘露醇用量增加抑制绞股蓝愈伤组织的生长,但可使皂甙含量、产量提高。0.680mol·l-1甘露醇可使皂甙产量提 高83%,而Nacl较大抑制愈伤组织的生长并使皂甙产量降低。4. 米曲霉粗提物对绞股蓝愈伤组织生长先略微促进,然后抑制,而根 霉粗提物则使愈伤组织生长受抑制;两者对皂甙含量、产量的作用相似:在较低浓度范围内升高,然后下降。米曲霉粗提物可提高 产量一倍,根霉粗提物可提高42%。这些结果为高产细胞系的筛选和生长、生产培养条件的优化积累了资料。在综述部分,对植物 细胞培养中组织和器官分化、细胞结构变化、生化水平的变化与次生物合成和积累的关系作了讨论。Gynostemma pentaphyllum blongs to Gynostemma, Cucurbitaccae. It has a wide medical use, but its wild resource is threatened by people's excessive use. Its effective medical components are gypenosides. For reasonable use and protect its resource, it is a possible way to product gypenosides by plant tissue and cell culture. This paper has a primary study on the components of sucrose and hormones and a variety of stress conditions: osmostic pressure, heavy metal ion, fungal elicitors in the medium for the calli culture. The effects of osmostic pressure, heavy metal ion and fungal elicitors on the calli of Gynostemma pentaphyllum have not been reported. 1. Sucrose had a significant effect on the growth of the calli, 2,4 D had notable effects on the gypenosides content and production of the calli. Increased the concentration of sucrose and decreased the concentration of 2,4 D improved the production of gypenosides. 2. Increased the concentration of Mn++ inhibited the growth of the calli, but improved the content and production of gypenosides. The optimum concentration was 20-30 times as MS medium which improved the production 100%. Increased the concentration of Cu++ had not a notable effect. 3. Increased the concentration of mannitol inhibited the growth of the calli, but improved the content and production of gypenosides. The optimum concentration was 0.680mol·l-1 which improved the production 83%. Nacl apparently inhibited the growth of the calli and decreased the production of gypenosides. 4. The crude preparation of Aspergillus oryzae inhibited the growth of the calli that in low concentration. The crude praparation of Rhizopus formosensis inhibited the growth of the calli throughout. Their effects on the content and production of gypenosides are alike, but the former is higher than the latter. On the optimum concentration, each crude preparation improved the production 100% (Aspergillus oryzae), 42%(Rhizopus formosensis). These results has accumulated some informantion on the select of high yield cell strains and choose the best culture conditons for the growth and gypenosides product of the calli. In the review, it is discussed that the differentiation on tissue-organal, cellular and biochemical levels related to the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in plant culuture.
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紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.)入侵我国已有70余年的时间,目前已经对我国西南地区造成了严重危害,却缺少有效的防治方法加以控制。本研究着眼于紫茎泽兰治理效果,在两片大面积综合防治样地的基础上,针对综合防治后样地紫茎泽兰再生长情况展开调查研究,并在野外观测的基础上设计两项置于样地附近的盆栽实验,研究紫茎泽兰在不同环境条件下的存活情况,以及与不同物种混播的种间竞争情况。 对综合治理1年后的样地中4个紫茎泽兰种群调查、分析结果表明,在不同的生境,采取不同的方法治理紫茎泽兰会导致紫茎泽兰采取不同的生长和繁殖对策进行再生长。紫茎泽兰生长速度为:水分充足的环境大于水分不充足的环境,萌生植株大于实生植株。种植替代物种绞股蓝(Gynostmma pentaphyllum)能够抑制紫茎泽兰的高生长,但在绞股蓝的压迫下紫茎泽兰长成L型,反而增加了冠幅、分蘖数目和单位株高的分枝数。在繁殖方式方面:采用拔除方法治理的区域紫茎泽兰以克隆繁殖为主,而采用喷洒化学除草剂治理的区域则以有性繁殖为主。 固定样方调查显示,紫茎泽兰再生长的1年当中,群落随季节变化而变。群落的盖度、密度和物种丰富度均随着旱季的深入而达到最低,第二年雨季到来后上升,紫茎泽兰在群落中处于绝对优势,尤其是在旱季优势更为明显。一年生紫茎泽兰在旱季部分植株死亡(死亡率为53.38±1.55%),少部分(5.66±0.45%)开花,产生种子的密度约为50 000ind∙m-2。与本地优势灌木物种车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)、台湾相思(Acacia confuse)和马桑(Coriaria nepalensis)相比,紫茎泽兰具有更快的生长速度,更大的高度、密度和盖度。 紫茎泽兰种子的萌发需要充足的水分和遮荫条件。在盆栽实验当中,浇水或遮荫条件下足量紫茎泽兰的种子能够萌发更多的幼苗,而且幼苗的死亡率也比无浇水或无遮荫的处理低。在遮荫或去除其它物种竞争的条件下,紫茎泽兰幼苗生长速度更快。只要水分充足紫茎泽兰幼苗不会因拥挤而死亡,但是个体平均生物量会因拥挤而减小。 紫茎泽兰幼苗与本地3种草本植物比较结果,在未遮荫条件下,紫茎泽兰幼苗数量极少,且个体也非常小,而相同条件下荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)和含羞草决明(Cassia mimosoides)生长良好;在遮荫条件下荩草、含羞草决明和戟叶酸模(Rumex haxtatus )与紫茎泽兰相比则几乎没有优势。 成株紫茎泽兰生命力强,难以控制,幼苗时期是采用替代控制方法治理紫茎泽兰的最佳时期。在替代控制物种选择方面,可以在根除后播种本地灌木和草本植物,因为草本植物在早期可以抑制紫茎泽兰幼苗的萌发和生长,而同时播种的灌木种类则可以在植被恢复的后期起到控制紫茎泽兰再生长的重要作用。