Uma Nova Abordagem do Ciclo Reprodutivo dos Machos e Fêmeas, e da Origem e Desenvolvimento dos Oócitos dos Ostariophysi e Perciformes Neotropicais Aplicada a Representantes da Série Otophysi, Gymnotus sp. (Gymnotidae), Hoplias Malabaricus (Erythrinidae), Sorubim Lima (Pimelodidae) e Tanichthys Albonubes (Cyprinidae), e dos Perciformes, Cichla Temensis (Cichlidae)

Nos peixes, durante a vida reprodutiva o desenvolvimento gonadal é cíclico e anual. As alterações estruturais das gônadas de machos e fêmeas provêm parâmetros úteis para a sua classificação macroscópica e microscópica. Porém, o desenvolvimento das células germinativas, nem sempre é consoante com os diferentes tipos de classificação e, machos e fêmeas nem sempre parecem concatenados. Neste estudo, aplicando-se propostas recentes, utilizadas primariamente para peixes derivados, notadamente os Perciformes marinhos, e tomando como modelo experimental representantes da série Otophysi, Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes), Tanichthys albonubes (Cypriniformes), Sorubim lima (Siluriformes) e Gymnotus sp. (Gymnotiformes), e dos Perciformes Neotropicais, Cichla temensis, foram descritos, comparativamente, os eventos iniciais da oogênese e da espermatogênese, assim como o desenvolvimento oocitário a fim de traçar um paralelo entre grupos basais e derivados. A partir dos resultados, verificou-se que a maioria dos eventos morfológicos durante o desenvolvimento oocitário é similar entre grupos basais e derivados. Os Perciformes de água doce divergem dos grupos basais por duas características: a presença de inclusões lipídicas, que surgem no citoplasma perinuclear após o início da formação dos alvéolos corticais e deposição de vitelo e por uma tênue proteólise do vitelo durante a maturação final. A foliculogênese e espermatogênese não apresentam divergências e parecem ser processos conservados entre os Teleostei. Durante a fase de Regeneração, os eventos iniciais desses processos em fêmeas e machos, respectivamente, são responsáveis por altos índices de proliferação das células germinativas, quando comparado às demais fases. Além disso, analisou-se ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Cytogenetic analysis of three sympatric Gymnotus species (Teleostei: Gymnotidae) from the Fundo Stream, MG, Brazil

Three sympatric species of Gymnotus from the Fundo stream, a small tributary of the Sapucai river, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were studied in relation to their karyology. Gymnotus sylvius presented 2n=40 chromosomes (36 m/sm+4 st/a), Gymnotus sp. presented 2n=50 (26 m/sm+ 24 st/a) and Gymnotus paraguensis had 2n=54 (50 m/sm+4 st/a). C-banding demonstrated positively stained heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric position of few chromosomes on G. sylvius and in the centromeric region of all chromosomes on G. paraguensis samples. The nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was located on the short arm of one st chromosome pair in G. sylvius and Gymnotus sp., and in the interstitial position on the short arm of the pair number one and below the centromere on a third chromosome on G. paraguensis. The cytogenetic data obtained indicate that Gymnotus sp. represent a new Gymnotus specie with a karyotypic constitution never observed on others species from this genus. Some aspects related to the chromosome diversification of these Gymnotus are discussed. © 2007 The Japan Mendel Society.

First record of Trypanosoma sp. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) in tuvira (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) in the Pantanal wetland, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi reportar a infecção por Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) oriundas do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, Brasil. Dez peixes provenientes do rio Paraguai, Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, foram avaliados quanto à presença de hemoflagelados. Tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma sp. foram observados nas extensões sanguíneas de três peixes (30% de prevalência), e algumas formas encontravam-se em divisão. Por meio do exame a fresco e da centrifugação do sangue em capilar de hematócrito como métodos para diagnóstico, a taxa de prevalência foi de 80%. Esse é o primeiro relato de Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras no Brasil.

First record of Trypanosoma sp. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) in tuvira (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) in the Pantanal wetland, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

O objetivo do presente estudo foi reportar a infecção por Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) oriundas do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, Brasil. Dez peixes provenientes do rio Paraguai, Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, foram avaliados quanto à presença de hemoflagelados. Tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma sp. foram observados nas extensões sanguíneas de três peixes (30% de prevalência), e algumas formas encontravam-se em divisão. Por meio do exame a fresco e da centrifugação do sangue em capilar de hematócrito como métodos para diagnóstico, a taxa de prevalência foi de 80%. Esse é o primeiro relato de Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras no Brasil.

Alimentação de peixes na microbacia do Ribeirão Grande, Serra da Mantiqueira oriental, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Histopathology from liver of tuvira (Gymnotus spp.) parasitized by larvae of nematodes.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes in the liver of thirty-five Gymnotus spp. parasitized by endohelminths collected between April 2012 to October 2013 in commercial bait fish farming of Pantanal basin. Histological cuts of 7?m were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for parasites research and liver changes and have also been submitted to the Perls histochemical method for evaluation of hemosiderosis (Fe+++) based on the incidence degree and severity of change (Grade I, II and III) and tests for the presence of central melanomacrophages. Parasites identified were: Brevimulticaecum sp. with a prevalence of 22,9%, Eustrongylides sp 17,1%, Contracaecum type I 68,7%, Contracaecum type II 5,7%, Contracaecum type III 5,7% and larvae of Anisakidae 11,4%. Histological analysis showed intense disorganization of hepatic parenchyma with degenerate hepatocytes due to high parasitic infection, changes that can be deleterious and compromise the organism functioning, being harmful to the health of evaluated animals. Also evidencing normal tissue interleaved with different stages of Fe+++ deposit in grades II and III, injuring or destroing the cell. Histopathological changes in the tuvira?s liver suggested a chronic response and the development of a balance relation between tuvira and parasitism by endohelminth identified in this study. There are also a testimony to the health condition of commercial bait fish farming on current ecosystem conditions.

Electronic states of trans-polyacetylene, poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and sp-hybridised carbon species in amorphous hydrogenated carbon probed by resonant Raman scattering

Inclusions of sp-hybridised, trans-polyacetylene [trans-(CH)x] and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) chains are revealed using resonant Raman scattering (RRS) investigation of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films in the near IR – UV range. The RRS spectra of trans-(CH)x core Ag modes and the PPV CC-H phenylene mode are found to transform and disperse as the laser excitation energy ћωL is increased from near IR through visible to UV, whereas sp-bonded inclusions only become evident in UV. This is attributed to ћωL probing of trans-(CH)x chain inhomogeneity and the distribution of chains with varying conjugation length; for PPV to the resonant probing of phelynene ring disorder; and for sp segments, to ћωL probing of a local band gap of end-terminated polyynes. The IR spectra analysis confirmed the presence of sp, trans-(CH)x and PPV inclusions. The obtained RRS results for a-C:H denote differentiation between the core Ag trans-(CH)x modes and the PPV phenylene mode. Furthermore, it was found that at various laser excitation energies the changes in Raman spectra features for trans-(CH)x segments included in an amorphous carbon matrix are the same as in bulk trans-polyacetylene. The latter finding can be used to facilitate identification of trans-(CH)x in the spectra of complex carbonaceous materials.

Direct and indirect effects of egg parasitism by Neopolyscystus Girault sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Paropsis atomaria Olivier (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract Neopolycystus sp. is the only primary egg parasitoid associated with the pest beetle Paropsis atomaria in subtropical eucalypt plantations, but its impact on its host populations is unknown. The simplified ecosystem represented by the plantation habitat, lack of interspecific competition for host and parasitoid, and the multivoltinism of the host population makes this an ideal system for quantifying the direct and indirect effects of egg parasitism, and hence, effects on host population dynamics. Within-, between- and overall-egg-batch parasitism rates were determined at three field sites over two field seasons, and up to seven host generations. The effect of exposure time (egg batch age), host density proximity to native forest and water sources on egg parasitism rates was also tested. Neopolycystus sp. exerts a significant influence on P. atomaria populations in Eucalyptus cloeziana. plantations in south-eastern Queensland, causing the direct (13%) and indirect (15%) mortality of almost one-third of all eggs in the field. Across seasons and generations, 45% of egg batches were parasitised, with a within-batch parasitism rate of around 30%. Between-batch parasitism increased up to 5–6 days after oviposition in the field, although within-batch parasitism rates generally did not. However, there were few apparent patterns to egg parasitism, with rates often varying significantly between sites and seasons.