14 resultados para Grappa
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OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the feasibility of k-t parallel imaging for accelerated 4D flow MRI in the hepatic vascular system by investigating the impact of different acceleration factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS k-t GRAPPA accelerated 4D flow MRI of the liver vasculature was evaluated in 16 healthy volunteers at 3T with acceleration factors R = 3, R = 5, and R = 8 (2.0 × 2.5 × 2.4 mm(3), TR = 82 ms), and R = 5 (TR = 41 ms); GRAPPA R = 2 was used as the reference standard. Qualitative flow analysis included grading of 3D streamlines and time-resolved particle traces. Quantitative evaluation assessed velocities, net flow, and wall shear stress (WSS). RESULTS Significant scan time savings were realized for all acceleration factors compared to standard GRAPPA R = 2 (21-71 %) (p < 0.001). Quantification of velocities and net flow offered similar results between k-t GRAPPA R = 3 and R = 5 compared to standard GRAPPA R = 2. Significantly increased leakage artifacts and noise were seen between standard GRAPPA R = 2 and k-t GRAPPA R = 8 (p < 0.001) with significant underestimation of peak velocities and WSS of up to 31 % in the hepatic arterial system (p <0.05). WSS was significantly underestimated up to 13 % in all vessels of the portal venous system for k-t GRAPPA R = 5, while significantly higher values were observed for the same acceleration with higher temporal resolution in two veins (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION k-t acceleration of 4D flow MRI is feasible for liver hemodynamic assessment with acceleration factors R = 3 and R = 5 resulting in a scan time reduction of at least 40 % with similar quantitation of liver hemodynamics compared with GRAPPA R = 2.
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PURPOSE The aim of this work is to derive a theoretical framework for quantitative noise and temporal fidelity analysis of time-resolved k-space-based parallel imaging methods. THEORY An analytical formalism of noise distribution is derived extending the existing g-factor formulation for nontime-resolved generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) to time-resolved k-space-based methods. The noise analysis considers temporal noise correlations and is further accompanied by a temporal filtering analysis. METHODS All methods are derived and presented for k-t-GRAPPA and PEAK-GRAPPA. A sliding window reconstruction and nontime-resolved GRAPPA are taken as a reference. Statistical validation is based on series of pseudoreplica images. The analysis is demonstrated on a short-axis cardiac CINE dataset. RESULTS The superior signal-to-noise performance of time-resolved over nontime-resolved parallel imaging methods at the expense of temporal frequency filtering is analytically confirmed. Further, different temporal frequency filter characteristics of k-t-GRAPPA, PEAK-GRAPPA, and sliding window are revealed. CONCLUSION The proposed analysis of noise behavior and temporal fidelity establishes a theoretical basis for a quantitative evaluation of time-resolved reconstruction methods. Therefore, the presented theory allows for comparison between time-resolved parallel imaging methods and also nontime-resolved methods. Magn Reson Med, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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„Grappa“ ist eine Middleware, die auf die Anbindung verschiedener Autobewerter an verschiedene E-Learning-Frontends respektive Lernmanagementsysteme (LMS) spezialisiert ist. Ein Prototyp befindet sich seit mehreren Semestern an der Hochschule Hannover mit dem LMS „moodle“ und dem Backend „aSQLg“ im Einsatz und wird regelmäßig evaluiert. Dieser Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand von Grappa nach diversen Neu- und Weiterentwicklungen vor. Nach einem Bericht über zuletzt gesammelte Erfahrungen mit der genannten Kombination von Systemen stellen wir wesentliche Neuerungen der moodle-Plugins, welche der Steuerung von Grappa aus moodle heraus dienen, vor. Anschließend stellen wir eine Erweiterung der bisherigen Architektur in Form eines neuentwickelten Grappa-php-Clients zur effizienteren Anbindung von LMS vor. Weiterhin berichten wir über die Anbindung eines weiteren Autobewerters „Graja“ für Programmieraufgaben in Java. Der Bericht zeigt, dass bereits wichtige Schritte für eine einheitliche Darstellung automatisierter Programmbewertung in LMS mit unterschiedlichen Autobewertern für die Studierenden absolviert sind. Die praktischen Erfahrungen zeigen aber auch, dass sowohl bei jeder der Systemkomponenten individuell, wie auch in deren Zusammenspiel via Grappa noch weitere Entwicklungsarbeiten erforderlich sind, um die Akzeptanz und Nutzung bei Studierenden sowie Lehrenden weiter zu steigern.
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A artrite psoriásica (APs) é uma doença articular sistêmica e polimórfica de apresentação e curso clínico variáveis, associada a comorbidades importantes como diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial e dislipidemia. Para o diagnóstico precoce da doença é necessário alto grau de suspeita clínica, sobretudo quando as manifestações cutâneas são sutis e pouco definidas. Doença erosiva progressiva pode ocorrer em até metade dos pacientes, associada a alterações anatômicas e funcionais em cerca de 20%, de modo que o prognóstico da APs permanece obscuro, especialmente se diagnóstico e tratamento forem tardios. Fundamentados em ampla revisão da literatura (PubMed e Lilacs) e experiência dos nossos serviços, novos conceitos de imunogenética, fisiopatologia, aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos serão discutidos. Fatores que reduzem a qualidade e a expectativa de vida dos pacientes e novas diretrizes que norteiam um tratamento mais precoce e efetivo serão enfatizados. O controle do processo inflamatório, especialmente nas formas axiais e entesíticas da APs, tornou-se possível graças à introdução dos medicamentos biológicos anti-TNF. Finalmente, o papel do GRAPPA (Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis) deve ser ressaltado, já que promove reuniões e estudos conjuntos entre reumatologistas e dermatologistas no sentido de fornecer evidências científicas para as amplas mudanças no manejo clínico e terapêutico de pacientes com APs
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VILLA “CAPELLO - MORA”: PROGETTO DI RESTAURO E RIFUNZIONALIZZAZIONE
Il restauro è da intendere come un intervento diretto sull’opera, e anche come sua eventuale modifica, condotta sempre sotto un rigoroso controllo tecnico-scientifico e storico-critico, se parliamo di conservazione, intendiamo l’operare in un intento di salvaguardia e di prevenzione, da attuare proprio per evitare che si debba poi intervenire con il restauro, che comprende un evento traumatico per il manufatto.
Un seconda parola chiave in questo discorso è la “materia” il restauro interviene sulla materia di un monumento e questa costituisce il tramite dei valori culturali antichi, la sua conservazione e il suo restauro garantisce la trasmissione anche dei significati estetici, storici simbolici del costruito. Ma certamente influisce il tempo sulle cose per cui il progetto di restauro non può astenersi dall’intervenire, in una logica di minimo intervento, di reversibilità, di facile lettura.
Il concetto di nuovo in un opera antica, concetto che a parere personale, pare centrare in pieno il problema. Il nuovo infatti “deve avere carattere di autonomia e di chiara leggibilità: come l’<
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The manuscript of this work was discovered by Jacopo Morelli in 1800 in the Liberia Marciana, Venice (Mss. Cl. XI, 67) and is known as the "Anonimo Morelliano".
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Metal cuts: title vignette, head and tail pieces.
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A new method for ameliorating high-field image distortion caused by radio frequency/tissue interaction is presented and modeled, The proposed method uses, but is not restricted to, a shielded four-element transceive phased array coil and involves performing two separate scans of the same slice with each scan using different excitations during transmission. By optimizing the amplitudes and phases for each scan, antipodal signal profiles can be obtained, and by combining both images together, the image distortion can be reduced several-fold. A hybrid finite-difference time-domain/method-of-moments method is used to theoretically demonstrate the method and also to predict the radio frequency behavior inside the human head. in addition, the proposed method is used in conjunction with the GRAPPA reconstruction technique to enable rapid imaging. Simulation results reported herein for IIT (470 MHz) brain imaging applications demonstrate the feasibility of the concept where multiple acquisitions using parallel imaging elements with GRAPPA reconstruction results in improved image quality. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Due to complex field/tissue interactions, high-field magnetic resonance (MR) images suffer significant image distortions that result in compromised diagnostic quality. A new method that attempts to remove these distortions is proposed in this paper and is based on the use of transceiver-phased arrays. The proposed system uses, in the examples presented herein, a shielded four-element transceive-phased array head coil and involves performing two separate scans of the same slice with each scan using different excitations during transmission. By optimizing the amplitudes and phases for each scan, antipodal signal profiles can be obtained, and by combining both the images together, the image distortion can be reduced several fold. A combined hybrid method of moments (MoM)/finite element method (FEM) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique is proposed and used to elucidate the concept of the new method and to accurately evaluate the electromagnetic field (EMF) in a human head model. In addition, the proposed method is used in conjunction with the generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) reconstruction technique to enable rapid imaging of the two scans. Simulation results reported herein for 11-T (470-MHz) brain imaging applications show that the new method with GRAPPA reconstruction theoretically results in improved image quality and that the proposed combined hybrid MoM/FEM and FDTD technique is. suitable for high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) numerical analysis.
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Prevalence rates for axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) vary from 40% to 74% depending upon criteria for diagnosis. In the absence of trial evidence to assess axial involvement in PsA. the GRAPPA croup, by consensus, has suggested that outcome measures and therapies for axial disease ill ankylosing spondylitis (AS) be used. This systematic review addresses the management of axial disease in PsA, and provides treatment recommendations based oil the AS literature.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08
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Der Beitrag erläutert die prototypische Integration automatisierter Programmbewertung in das LMS Moodle.Beschrieben wird die Grader-unabhängige Schnittstelle Grappa und die Moodle-Integration.