The Gorgias of Plato /

Mode of access: Internet.

De Gorgianae disciplinae vestigiis.

Vita.

De Gorgia Leontino commentatio,

On reel 60 beginning frame no. 991.

Antiphontis Orationes et fragmenta, adivntis Gorgiae,

Mode of access: Internet.

The philosopher and the rhetorician : a study of persuasion in Plato's Gorgias and Aristotle's Rhetoric /

In his treatise, On Rhetoric, Aristotle argues that there are three species within an art of rhetoric, judicial, deliberative, and epideictic. Aristotle's threefold rhetorical art, which is based on the functioning of the soul toward justice, reveals the possibilities for persuasive speech found in the Nicomachean Ethics. Aristotle suggests that the soul and political life can be ordered according to reason through speeches pursuing justice, efficiency, and noble action. The relation between rhetoric and the soul also demonstrates how Socrates' rhetoric in Plato's Gorgias is based on an well-ordered soul, which is a just soul. In contrast to his own persuasion, Socrates demonstrates that the persuasive speech employed and taught by Gorgias, the rhetorician, is based on disorder and injustice. These two texts reveal that the intent of rhetoric is not separate from its practice. A study of the art of rhetoric, based on a study of the just soul and the good life, leads to the higher inquiries into politics and philosophy. Thus, political life and philosophy may benefit when citizens examine the nature of rhetoric, and subsequently, justice, within a community and within a soul.

College, shared house, or home? The impact of living situation on university students’ drinking

University students are recognised as a heavy drinking group who are at risk of both short and long term harms from their alcohol consumption. This paper explores the social dynamics of drinking and the key differences between three core groups of university students – those who live at home, those living in college and those who live independently. We draw on a large scale survey of Australian university students on alcohol consumption and harm minimisation and extensive qualitative individual and focus group interviews with university students in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. Our data suggests that living at home supports safer drinking in comparison to the less regulated college context or living independently in shared households.

Inspiration and mimesis in Plato's criticism of poetry

Plato criticizes poetry in several of his dialogues, beginning with Apology, his first work, and ending with Laws, his last. In these dialogues, his criticism of poetry can be divided into two streams: poetry is criticized for either being divinely inspired, or because it is mimetic or imitative of reality. However, of the dialogues which criticize poetry in these ways, it is not until Laws that Plato mentions both inspiration and mimesis together, and then it is only in a few sentences. Furthermore, nowhere in the dialogues does Plato discuss their relationship. This situation has a parallel in the secondary literature. While much work has been done on inspiration or mimesis in Plato’s criticism of poetry, very little work exists which discusses the connection between them. This study examines Plato’s treatment - in the six relevant dialogues - of these two poetic elements, inspiration and mimesis, and shows that a relationship exists between them. Both can be seen to relate to two important Socratic-Platonic concerns: the care of the soul and the welfare of the state. These concerns represent a synthesis of Socratic moral philosophy with Platonic political beliefs. In the ‘inspiration’ dialogues, Ion, Apology, Meno, Phaedrus and Laws, poetic inspiration can affect the Socratic exhortation which considers the care of the individual soul. Further, as we are told in Apology, Crito and Gorgias, it is the good man, the virtuous man - the one who cares for his soul - who also cares for the welfare of the state. Therefore, in its effect on the individual soul, poetic inspiration can also indirectly affect the state. In the ‘mimesis’ dialogues, Republic and Laws, this same exhortation, on the care of the soul, is posed, but it is has now been rendered into a more Platonic form - as either the principle of specialization - the ‘one man, one job’ creed of Republic, which advances the harmony between the three elements of the soul, or as the concord between reason and emotion in Laws. While in Republic, mimesis can damage the tripartite soul's delicate balance, in Laws, mimesis in poetry is used to promote the concord. Further, in both these dialogues, poetic mimesis can affect the welfare of the state. In Republic, Socrates notes that states arc but a product of the individuals of which they are composed Therefore, by affecting the harmony of the individual soul, mimesis can then undermine the harmony of the state, and an imperfect political system, such as a timarchy, an oligarchy, a democracy, or a tyranny, can result. However, in Laws, when it is harnessed by the philosophical lawgivers, mimesis can assist in the concord between the rulers and the ruled, thus serving the welfare of the state. Inspiration and mimesis can thus be seen to be related in their effect on the education of both the individual, in the care of the soul, and the state, in its welfare. Plato's criticism of poetry, therefore, which is centred on these two features, addresses common Platonic concerns: in education, politics, ethics, epistemology and psychology.

Diálogo, justicia y educación : La paidea socrático - platónica frente a la educación sofista en el Gorgias

Los cambios políticos de mediados del siglo V exigen para Atenas una educación que garantice la inserción de los ciudadanos en la sociedad como miembros activos. En este contexto surge la educación sofista: un hombre dedicado a la política, además de poseer cualidades para gobernar, debe incrementar su capacidad de pronunciar discursos oportunos y convincentes. La retórica se vuelve, así, en pilar fundamental de este nuevo escenario pedagógico y Gorgias llega a ser el principal representante de esta actividad. Platón realiza una asunción crítica de la sofística y propone al "diálogo filosófico" como instancia superadora de la retórica tradicional.

Diálogo, justicia y educación : La paidea socrático - platónica frente a la educación sofista en el Gorgias

Los cambios políticos de mediados del siglo V exigen para Atenas una educación que garantice la inserción de los ciudadanos en la sociedad como miembros activos. En este contexto surge la educación sofista: un hombre dedicado a la política, además de poseer cualidades para gobernar, debe incrementar su capacidad de pronunciar discursos oportunos y convincentes. La retórica se vuelve, así, en pilar fundamental de este nuevo escenario pedagógico y Gorgias llega a ser el principal representante de esta actividad. Platón realiza una asunción crítica de la sofística y propone al "diálogo filosófico" como instancia superadora de la retórica tradicional.

Diálogo, justicia y educación : La paidea socrático - platónica frente a la educación sofista en el Gorgias

Los cambios políticos de mediados del siglo V exigen para Atenas una educación que garantice la inserción de los ciudadanos en la sociedad como miembros activos. En este contexto surge la educación sofista: un hombre dedicado a la política, además de poseer cualidades para gobernar, debe incrementar su capacidad de pronunciar discursos oportunos y convincentes. La retórica se vuelve, así, en pilar fundamental de este nuevo escenario pedagógico y Gorgias llega a ser el principal representante de esta actividad. Platón realiza una asunción crítica de la sofística y propone al "diálogo filosófico" como instancia superadora de la retórica tradicional.

The dialogues of Plato,

v. 1. Charmides. Lysis. Laches. Protagoras. Euthydemus. Cratylus. Phaedrus. Ion. Symposium.--v. 2. Meno. Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo, Gorgias, Appendix I: Lesser Hippias, Alcibiades I. Menexenus. Appendix II: Alcibiades II. Eryxias.--v. 3. Republic. Timaeus. Critias.--v. 4. Parmenides. Theaetetus. Sophist. Statesman. Philebus.--v. 5. Laws. Index to the writings of Plato.

The works of Plato. A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum ...

Vol. I translated by Henry Cary, vol. II, by Henry Davis, vols. III-VI, by George Burges.

Gorgias;

Bibliography: p. x.

The works of Plato /

v. 1. The Apology of Socrates, Crito, Phaedo, Gorgias, Protagoras, Phaedrus, Theaetetus, Euthyphron, and Lysis -- v. 2. The Republic, Timaeus, and Critias -- v. 3. Meno, Euthydemus, The sophist, The statesman, Cratylus, Parmenides, and the Banquet -- v. 4. Philebus, Charmides, Laches, Menexenus, Hippias major, Hippias minor, Ion, First Alcibiades, Second Alcibiades, Theages, The rivals, Hipparchus. Minos, Clitopho, The epistles -- v. 5. The laws -- v. 6. The doubtful works ... with lives by Plato by Diogenes Laertius, Hesychius, and Olympiodorus; introductions to his doctrines, by Alcinous and Albinus; the notes of Thomas Gray, and a general index.