Compatibility of grafting in the melon cv. bônus No. 2, and effects on production

Twelve rootstocks were evaluated: 1) pumpkin 'Big Power' (Cucurbita ntoschata); 2) pumpkin 'Seca' (Cucurbita moschata); 3) bottle gourd 'Longa' (Lagenaria siceraria); 4) 'Cachi' (Lagenaria siceraria); 5) bottle gourd 'Marimba' (Lagenaria siceraria); 6) 'Mogango' (Cucurbita maxima); 7) pumpkin 'Kirameki' (Cucurbita moschata); 8) pumpkin 'Caravela' (Cucurbita moschata); 9) pumpkin 'Shelper' (Cucurbita moschata); 10) 'Gherkin' (Cucumis anguria); 11) 'Loofah' (Luffa cylindrica); and 12) pumpkin 'Goianinha' (Cucurbita moschata) with respect to compatibility with melon yield, and the production and quality of fruits from cv. Bônus No. 2, non-grafted and grafted with 9 of these rootstocks (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10 and 11). The bottle gourd 'Marimba' provided the highest percentage of grafting success between the vine and rootstock. The rootstocks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 did not differ from bottle gourd 'Marimba', therefore also indicating good compatibility with the melon cv. Bônus No. 2. For height of the plants, it was shown in the first evaluation that rootstock 5 produced a greater height of the plant, differing only from rootstocks 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 and non-grafted cv. Bônus No. 2. In the second evaluation, 'Big Power' showed the greatest value for height of the plant, differing only from combinations with 'Cachi', 'Mogango', 'Shelper' and 'Loofah'. With regard to number of leaves, in the first evaluation rootstocks 3, 4 and 6 had the greatest number of leaves, but in the second 4, 9 and 11 had the greatest. For dry weight of the stem, the greatest value was obtained with 'Mogango' in the first evaluation and with 'Big Power' in the second. For leaf area of the plants, a difference was found among the treatments only in the first evaluation, where the combination with bottle gourd 'Longa' showed a greater leaf area, but did not differ from the combinations with rootstocks 1, 4, 5 and 6. Differences were demonstrated among the treatments only for the transverse diameter of the fruit, where the combination with rootstock bottle gourd 'Marimba' showed the greatest value, differing only from the combination with 'Gherkin'. There were no significant differences for the mean longitudinal diameter, pulp thickness and total soluble solids among the treatments studied.

Improvement of compatibility and stability on polyethylene-modified bitumen by use of an aromatic extra as compatibilizer.

Bitumen modification by polyethylene addition usually improves the mechanical properties of the binder and, therefore, the behavior in service of the bituminous mix: thermal susceptibility and rutting can be diminished, whilst the resistance to low temperature cracking may increase. To achieve this improvement it is necessary a good compatibility between the base bitumen and the polyethylene. Low compatibility between bitumen and polyethylene can lead to phase separation: the polymer- asphalt incompatibility translates into a deterioration of ultimate properties. The object of this research project was to determine if these problems can be diminished by using certain compatibilizer agents, e.g. an aromatic extract from the oil refinery. Compatibility and stability of the polyethylene modified bitumen were studied using conventional test methods and dynamic shear reometer (DSR). Blends of bitumen and polyethylene were prepared with neat bitumen (PMB) or bitumen with compatibilizer as component of the binder (PMBC) and then compared. The experimental results show that “colloid instability index”(IC) is a parameter that can be used to control the compatibility between bitumen and polyethylene. From polyethylene point of view, one of the parameters that govern is the “melt flow index” (MFI). Experimental results show that PMBC formulated with low IC bitumen and hi gh MFI lineal polyethylene can be considered as stable binder.

Airplane materials compatibility with blends of fossil kerosene jet a1 with biokerosenes from babassu, palm kernel and coconut oils

El desarrollo de bioqueroseno de diferentes orígenes y su uso creciente, hacen necesario el estudio de la compatibilidad estos nuevos combustibles con los materiales y recubrimientos con los que se encuentra en contacto. Por tanto, el presente proyecto estudia la compatibilidad de los bioquerosenos mezclados en diferentes proporciones con queroseno mineral, para evaluar posteriormente su compatibilidad con diferentes polímeros y composites presentes en la estructura de un avión.Currently there is a big interest to increase the sources of alternative fuels for aviation to get a reduction of their carbon footprint and the deep energetic dependence from fossil fuels of different countries. Although there are studies about how to produce this alternative fuel and how to accomplish the standards for a good performance in the aircraft turbines, there are no studies about how these fuels could affect the different materials of airplanes. In this context this work describes the compatibility of biokerosene blends of coconut, babassu and palm kernel with commercial Jet A-1 testing airplane polymeric materials, metals and composites. As a conclusion, all material samples show a good compatibility with the fuel blends tested.

Estudo da resistência não drenada de solo de baixa consistência por meio de ensaios de campo e laboratório

A variabilidade natural dos solos torna complexo o conhecimento de suas propriedades na elaboração de projetos geotécnicos, sendo a determinação da resistência ao cisalhamento não drenada um parâmetro importante nas análises de estabilidade de solos moles. Os ensaios de laboratório de cone e palheta, não convencionais, os ensaios de campo de palheta e piezocone e os ensaios de compressão simples e triaxial não adensado e não drenado foram utilizados para mensurar a resistência não drenada de uma camada de argila marinha mole localizada na planície costeira central brasileira. Os ensaios de laboratório foram realizados em amostras indeformadas coletadas com amostradores de pistão estacionário em vertical próxima à realização dos ensaios de campo. O sítio foi investigado preliminarmente por sondagens de simples reconhecimento, sendo apresentado o perfil estratigráfico por meio de modelagem computacional. Foram também realizados ensaios para caracterização física (análise granulométrica, teor de umidade, limites de liquidez e plasticidade, densidade real dos grãos) e mineralógica (difração de raios X), e ensaios de adensamento para obtenção do histórico de tensões e classificação de qualidade das amostras indeformadas. Os valores de resistência não drenada obtidos pelos ensaios de laboratório foram comparados ao perfil contínuo de resistência determinado empiricamente pelo ensaio de piezocone, com fator de cone Nkt calibrado pelo ensaio de palheta de campo, apresentando boa concordância, com a variabilidade natural do solo influenciando de forma preponderante a qualidade das amostras na variação entre os resultados. Os valores de resistência obtidos pelos ensaios de laboratório de cone e palheta foram comparados entre si, apresentando boa compatibilidade. Ambos, quando comparados ao ensaio de palheta de campo, não apresentaram boa concordância. Os resultados de resistência obtidos pelos ensaios de compressão simples e triaxial apresentaram boa compatibilidade com os resultados do ensaio de laboratório de cone, o que não ocorreu com os resultados do ensaio de laboratório de palheta. Na comparação entre a resistência normalizada pela tensão de sobreadensamento obtida pelos diversos métodos e algumas correlações empíricas da literatura internacional, foi observado para as amostras de solo com índice de plasticidade superior a 60% boa concordância com as correlações de Mesri (1975) e Jamiolkowski et al (1985). Os ensaios não convencionais apresentaram boa confiabilidade, que aliado a simplicidade e agilidade de execução, justificam a difusão destes na prática da investigação geotécnica brasileira como método alternativo para complementar e dar suporte às estimativas de resistência não drenada de solos moles.

The MIGCLIM R package - seamless integration of dispersal constraints into projections of species distribution models

The MIGCLIM R package is a function library for the open source R software that enables the implementation of species-specific dispersal constraints into projections of species distribution models under environmental change and/or landscape fragmentation scenarios. The model is based on a cellular automaton and the basic modeling unit is a cell that is inhabited or not. Model parameters include dispersal distance and kernel, long distance dispersal, barriers to dispersal, propagule production potential and habitat invasibility. The MIGCLIM R package has been designed to be highly flexible in the parameter values it accepts, and to offer good compatibility with existing species distribution modeling software. Possible applications include the projection of future species distributions under environmental change conditions and modeling the spread of invasive species.

CROMATOGRAFIA POR INTERAÇÕES HIDROFILICAS (HILIC): ESTADO DA ARTE E APLICAÇÕES

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) has been gaining increased attention for its effective separation of highly polar compounds, which include carbohydrates, amino acids, pharmaceutical compounds, proteins, glycoproteins, nucleosides, etc. Polar compounds are usually poorly retained on reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) columns or have poor solubility in the apolar mobile phase of normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC). Since HILIC uses organic solvents such as ACN or MeOH ( > 70%), also used in RP-HPLC and polar stationary phases similar to NP-HPLC (bare silica, diol, amino, amide, saccharide, zwitterionic stationary phases, etc.), it represents a hybrid of the two separation modes. The high organic content in the MP leads to good compatibility with mass spectrometry (MS), increasing the detectivity. This review describes the fundamentals of HILIC and highlights some interesting applications.

Novel catalyst systems based on Ni(II), Ti(IV), and Cr(III) complexes for oligo-and polymerization of ethylene

The complex of Brookhart Ni(α-diimine)Cl2 (1) (α-diimine = 1,4-bis(2,6- diisopropylphenyl)-acenaphthenediimine) has been characterized after impregnation on silica (S1) and MAO-modified silicas (4.0, 8.0 and 23.0 wts.% Al/SiO2 called S2, S3 and S4, respectively). The treatment of these heterogeneous systems with MAO produces some active catalysts for the polymerization of the ethylene. A high catalytic activity has been gotten while using the system supported 1/S3 (196 kg of PE/mol[Ni].h.atm; toluene, Al/Ni = 1000, 30ºC, 60 min and atmospheric pressure of ethylene). The effects of polymerization conditions have been tested with the catalyst supported in S2 and the best catalytic activity has been gotten with solvent hexane, MAO as cocatalyst, molar ratio Al/Ni of 1000 and to the temperature of 30°C (285 kg of PE/mol[Ni].h.atm). When the reaction has been driven according to the in situ methodology, the activity practically doubled and polymers showed some similar properties. Polymers products by the supported catalysts showed the absence of melting fusion, results similar to those gotten with the homogeneous systems by DSC analysis. But then, polymers gotten with the transplanted system present according to the GPC’s curves the polydispersity (MwD) varies between 1.7 and 7.0. A polyethylene blend (BPE/LPE) was prepared using the complex Ni(α-diimine)Cl2 (1) (α-diimine = 1,4-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-acenaphthenediimine) and {TpMs*}TiCl3 (2) (TpMs* = hydridobis(3-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)(5-mesitylpyrazol-1-yl)) supported in situ on MAO-modified silica (4.0 wts. -% Al/SiO2, S2). Reactions of polymerization of ethylene have been executed in the toluene in two different temperatures (0 and 30°C), varying the molars fraction of nickel (xNi), and using MAO as external cocatalyst. To all temperatures, the activities show a linear variation tendency with xNi and indicate the absence of the effect synergic between the species of nickel and the titanium. The maximum of activity have been found at 0°C. The melting temperature for the blends of polyethylene produced at 0 °C decrease whereas xNi increases indicating a good compatibility between phases of the polyethylene gotten with the two catalysts. The melting temperature for the blends of polyethylene showed be depend on the order according to which catalysts have been supported on the MAO-modified silica. The initial immobilization of 1 on the support (2/1/S2) product of polymers with a melting temperature (Tm) lower to the one of the polymer gotten when the titanium has been supported inicially (1/2/S2). The observation of polyethylenes gotten with the two systems (2/1/S2 and 1/2/S2) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed the spherical polymer formation showing that the spherical morphology of the support to been reproduced. Are described the synthesis, the characterization and the catalytic properties for the oligomerization of the ethylene of four organometallics compounds of CrIII with ligands ([bis[2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)ethyl]amine] chromium (III) chloride (3a), [bis[2-(3,5- dimethyl-l-pyrazolyl)ethyl]benzylamine] chromium (III) chloride (3b), [bis[2-(3,5-dimethyl-lpyrazolyl) ethyl]ether] chromiun(III)chloride (3c), [bis[2-(3-phenyl-lpyrazolyl) ethyl]ether]chromiun(III)chloride (3d)). In relation of the oligomerization, at exception made of the compounds 3a, all complex of the chromium showed be active after activation with MAO and the TOF gotten have one effect differentiated to those formed with CrCl3(thf)3. The coordination of a tridentate ligand on the metallic center doesn't provoke any considerable changes on the formation of the C4 and C6, but the amount of C8 are decrease and the C10 and C12+ have increased. The Polymers produced by the catalyst 3a to 3 and 20 bar of ethylene have, according to analyses by DSC, the temperatures of fusion of 133,8 and 136ºC respectively. It indicates that in the two cases the production of high density polyethylene. The molar mass, gotten by GPC, is 46647 g/mols with MwD = 2,4 (3 bar). The system 3c/MAO showed values of TOF, activity and selectivity to different α-olefins according to the pressure of ethylene uses. Himself that shown a big sensibility to the concentration of ethylene solubilized.

Estudo da sinterização de eletrólito sólido de céria dopada com gadolínia

Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy in electrical energy by a reaction directly. The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) works in temperature between 900ºC up to 1000ºC, Nowadays the most material for ceramic electrolytes is yttria stabilized zirconium. However, the high operation temperature can produce problems as instability and incompatibility of materials, thermal degradation and high cost of the surround materials. These problems can be reduced with the development of intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) that works at temperature range of 600ºC to 800ºC. Ceria doped gadolinium is one of the most promising materials for electrolytes IT-SOFC due high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with electrodes. The inhibition of grain growth has been investigated during the sintering to improve properties of electrolytes. Two-step sintering (TSS) is an interesting technical to inhibit this grain growth and consist at submit the sample at two stages of temperature. The first one stage aims to achieve the critical density in the initiating the sintering process, then the sample is submitted at the second stage where the temperature sufficient to continue the sintering without accelerate grain growth until to reach total densification. The goal of this work is to produce electrolytes of ceria doped gadolinium by two-step sintering. In this context were produced samples from micrometric and nanometric powders by two routes of two-step sintering. The samples were obtained with elevate relative density, higher than 90% using low energy that some works at the same area. The average grain size are at the range 0,37 μm up to 0,51 μm. The overall ionic conductivity is 1,8x10-2 S.cm and the activation energy is 0,76 eV. Results shown that is possible to obtain ceria-doped gadolinium samples by two-step sintering technique using modified routes with characteristics and properties necessary to apply as electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cell

Simulations under Ideal and Nonideal Conditions for Characterization of a Passive Doppler Geographical Location System Using Extension of Data Reception Network

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The influence of UV-C irradiation on the properties of thermoplastic starch and polycaprolactone biocomposite with sisal bleached fibers

The effect of UV-C irradiation of the TPS and PCL biocomposites with sisal bleached fibers was investigated. The biocomposite was UV-C irradiated at room temperature under air atmosphere. The structural and morphological changes produced when the films were exposed to UV irradiation for 142 h, were monitored using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Mechanical Tensile Tests, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infra-red analysis (FTIR). Addition of 5-10% fibers in composites exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties attributed to more efficient dispersibility of fiber in the matrix and good compatibility between fibers and the matrix polymer, however, after irradiated, the tensile properties decreased due to chain scission. The samples of irradiated PCL and IFS showed crystallinity increase, whereas the blend and composites showed a decrease in crystallinity. The DSC and X-ray diffraction studies suggested interaction between polymers in the blend via carboxyl groups in thermoplastic starch-PCL and hydroxyl groups in fibers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Estimativa do vapor d'água atmosférico e avaliação da modelagem do atraso zenital troposférico utilizando GPS

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Enxertia em plantas de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) no controle da murcha de fitóftora (Phytophthora capsici) em ambiente protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Enxertia em híbridos de berinjela (Solanum melongena), sob cultivo protegido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Structural and thermal properties of carboxylic acid functionalized polythiophenes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Foaming of EVA/starch blends: Characterization of the structure, physical properties, and biodegradability

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)